All-Cause Mortality among Belgian Military Radar Operators: A 40-Year Controlled Longitudinal Study
Background: It has been suggested that exposure to radiofrequency/microwaves radiations could be associated with greater health hazards and higher mortality. Methods: The all-cause mortality of 27,671 Belgian militaries who served from 1963 until 1994 in battalions equipped with radars for anti-airc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of epidemiology 2005-08, Vol.20 (8), p.677-681 |
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| creator | Degrave, Etienne Autier, Philippe Grivegnée, André-Robert Zizi, Martin |
| description | Background: It has been suggested that exposure to radiofrequency/microwaves radiations could be associated with greater health hazards and higher mortality. Methods: The all-cause mortality of 27,671 Belgian militaries who served from 1963 until 1994 in battalions equipped with radars for anti-aircraft defence was studied over the period 1968-2003. End of the seventies, technical modifications brought to the shielding of the micro-wave generators resulted in a reduction in irradiations. A control group was formed by 16,128 militaries who served during the same period in the same military area but who were never exposed to radars. Administrative procedures for identifying militaries and their vital status were equivalent in the radar and the control groups. Results: The age-standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in the radar battalions was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.95-1.16) in professional militaries, and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) in conscripts. In professional militaries no difference in mortality was found according to duration (less than, or five years or more) or to period of service (before 1978 or after 1977). Conclusions: During a 40-year period of observation, we found no increase in all-cause mortality in Belgian militaries who were in close contact with radar equipments of anti-aircraft defence battalions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10654-005-7922-z |
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Methods: The all-cause mortality of 27,671 Belgian militaries who served from 1963 until 1994 in battalions equipped with radars for anti-aircraft defence was studied over the period 1968-2003. End of the seventies, technical modifications brought to the shielding of the micro-wave generators resulted in a reduction in irradiations. A control group was formed by 16,128 militaries who served during the same period in the same military area but who were never exposed to radars. Administrative procedures for identifying militaries and their vital status were equivalent in the radar and the control groups. Results: The age-standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in the radar battalions was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.95-1.16) in professional militaries, and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) in conscripts. In professional militaries no difference in mortality was found according to duration (less than, or five years or more) or to period of service (before 1978 or after 1977). Conclusions: During a 40-year period of observation, we found no increase in all-cause mortality in Belgian militaries who were in close contact with radar equipments of anti-aircraft defence battalions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0393-2990</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7284</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10654-005-7922-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16151881</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EJEPE8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Age specific mortality rates ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aircraft ; Belgium - epidemiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Conscription ; Control groups ; Death ; Epidemiology ; Health hazards ; Human exposure ; Human resources ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Microwaves ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Miscellaneous ; Mortality ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Radar ; Radar tracking ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><ispartof>European journal of epidemiology, 2005-08, Vol.20 (8), p.677-681</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2005 Springer</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-1b4de9d4b615b14a1ab26852473d719271cef7a71c47c6a2ef067ddb2e28bf603</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-1b4de9d4b615b14a1ab26852473d719271cef7a71c47c6a2ef067ddb2e28bf603</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25047516$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25047516$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17137186$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151881$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Degrave, Etienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Autier, Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grivegnée, André-Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zizi, Martin</creatorcontrib><title>All-Cause Mortality among Belgian Military Radar Operators: A 40-Year Controlled Longitudinal Study</title><title>European journal of epidemiology</title><addtitle>Eur J Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Background: It has been suggested that exposure to radiofrequency/microwaves radiations could be associated with greater health hazards and higher mortality. Methods: The all-cause mortality of 27,671 Belgian militaries who served from 1963 until 1994 in battalions equipped with radars for anti-aircraft defence was studied over the period 1968-2003. End of the seventies, technical modifications brought to the shielding of the micro-wave generators resulted in a reduction in irradiations. A control group was formed by 16,128 militaries who served during the same period in the same military area but who were never exposed to radars. Administrative procedures for identifying militaries and their vital status were equivalent in the radar and the control groups. Results: The age-standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in the radar battalions was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.95-1.16) in professional militaries, and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) in conscripts. In professional militaries no difference in mortality was found according to duration (less than, or five years or more) or to period of service (before 1978 or after 1977). Conclusions: During a 40-year period of observation, we found no increase in all-cause mortality in Belgian militaries who were in close contact with radar equipments of anti-aircraft defence battalions.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age specific mortality rates</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>Belgium - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cause of Death</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Conscription</subject><subject>Control groups</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Human exposure</subject><subject>Human resources</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microwaves</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Military Personnel</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Radar tracking</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><issn>0393-2990</issn><issn>1573-7284</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkE1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3AAWUgcDTOOYzvctisKSFtV4uPAyZrETpWVN1ns5LD99bjaVXsaa_y8o5mHsbcInxDAfM4IulYCoBamkVLcP2MrrE0ljLTqOVtB1VRCNg1csFc57wDAQlO_ZBeosUZrccW6dYxiQ0sO_GZKM8VhPnLaT-MdvwrxbqCR3wylSenIf5KnxG8PIdE8pfyFr7kC8TeU5mYa5zTFGDzfluwwL34YKfJf5XF8zV70FHN4c66X7M_119-b72J7--3HZr0VXWXsLLBVPjRetWW5FhUhtVLbWipTeYONNNiF3lApynSaZOhBG-9bGaRtew3VJftwmntI078l5NntpiWVNbKTqKw2DWKB8AR1aco5hd4d0rAv5zkE92DVnay6YtU9WHX3JfP-PHhp98E_Jc4aC_DxDFDuKPaJxm7IT5zByqDVhXt34na5GHz8lzUoU6Ou_gPgkojP</recordid><startdate>20050801</startdate><enddate>20050801</enddate><creator>Degrave, Etienne</creator><creator>Autier, Philippe</creator><creator>Grivegnée, André-Robert</creator><creator>Zizi, Martin</creator><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050801</creationdate><title>All-Cause Mortality among Belgian Military Radar Operators: A 40-Year Controlled Longitudinal Study</title><author>Degrave, Etienne ; Autier, Philippe ; Grivegnée, André-Robert ; Zizi, Martin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-1b4de9d4b615b14a1ab26852473d719271cef7a71c47c6a2ef067ddb2e28bf603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age specific mortality rates</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aircraft</topic><topic>Belgium - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Conscription</topic><topic>Control groups</topic><topic>Death</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Health hazards</topic><topic>Human exposure</topic><topic>Human resources</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microwaves</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Military Personnel</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Radar</topic><topic>Radar tracking</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Statistics, Nonparametric</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Degrave, Etienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Autier, Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grivegnée, André-Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zizi, Martin</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>European journal of epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Degrave, Etienne</au><au>Autier, Philippe</au><au>Grivegnée, André-Robert</au><au>Zizi, Martin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>All-Cause Mortality among Belgian Military Radar Operators: A 40-Year Controlled Longitudinal Study</atitle><jtitle>European journal of epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Eur J Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2005-08-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>677</spage><epage>681</epage><pages>677-681</pages><issn>0393-2990</issn><eissn>1573-7284</eissn><coden>EJEPE8</coden><abstract>Background: It has been suggested that exposure to radiofrequency/microwaves radiations could be associated with greater health hazards and higher mortality. Methods: The all-cause mortality of 27,671 Belgian militaries who served from 1963 until 1994 in battalions equipped with radars for anti-aircraft defence was studied over the period 1968-2003. End of the seventies, technical modifications brought to the shielding of the micro-wave generators resulted in a reduction in irradiations. A control group was formed by 16,128 militaries who served during the same period in the same military area but who were never exposed to radars. Administrative procedures for identifying militaries and their vital status were equivalent in the radar and the control groups. Results: The age-standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in the radar battalions was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.95-1.16) in professional militaries, and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) in conscripts. In professional militaries no difference in mortality was found according to duration (less than, or five years or more) or to period of service (before 1978 or after 1977). Conclusions: During a 40-year period of observation, we found no increase in all-cause mortality in Belgian militaries who were in close contact with radar equipments of anti-aircraft defence battalions.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>16151881</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10654-005-7922-z</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Age specific mortality rates Aged Aged, 80 and over Aircraft Belgium - epidemiology Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Cause of Death Child Conscription Control groups Death Epidemiology Health hazards Human exposure Human resources Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Medical research Medical sciences Microwaves Middle Aged Military Personnel Miscellaneous Mortality Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Proportional Hazards Models Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Radar Radar tracking Retrospective Studies Statistics, Nonparametric |
| title | All-Cause Mortality among Belgian Military Radar Operators: A 40-Year Controlled Longitudinal Study |
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