La cultura lingüística y el componente cultural en la enseñanza de lenguas no maternas: observaciones sobre algunos paradigmas de la competencia cultural1

Mots-clés: Compétence socioculturelle, compétence interculturelle, culture linguistique, contenus culturels, écologie linguistique Linguistic culture and the culturel component in non-native language teaching: observations on some paradigms of cultural competence ABSTRACT The paper discusses some hypotheses of the macro-paradigm of cultural competence which relate to the necessity to integrate language and culture in non-native languages (NNLs) teaching, and proposes an outline of an ecological approach. The comparison of the sociocultural competence and the intercultural competence paradigms, which we include in the former, shows the flaws of both, which have to do in the first case with an essentialist and idealized conception of language and culture, conceived as a homogeneous whole, and in the second, with the opposite view, in which linguistic and cultural heterogeneity is given excessive relevance. The model we propose is based on the assumption that the diversity inherent in languages and cultures does not exclude their being interpreted in essentialist terms, according to the (linguistic) culture of the context. [...]a conception of the learning process, centred on the learner and on the communicative interactions in which she is involved, allows us to situate language learning in a larger perspective which comes close to the insights and concerns which are typical of the ecolinguistics paradigm.