Effect of dietary copper source (inorganic vs. chelated) on immune response, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in nursery piglets

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate and cupreous N-carbamylglutamate chelate (NCG-Cu) on the growth performance, serum biochemical profile, immune response, tissue mineral distributions, and fecal excretion of minerals in nursery pigle...

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Veröffentlicht in:Food and agricultural immunology 2018-01, Vol.29 (1), p.548-563
Hauptverfasser: Liao, Peng, Shu, Xugang, Tang, Min, Tan, Bie, Yin, Yulong
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Shu, Xugang
Tang, Min
Tan, Bie
Yin, Yulong
description This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate and cupreous N-carbamylglutamate chelate (NCG-Cu) on the growth performance, serum biochemical profile, immune response, tissue mineral distributions, and fecal excretion of minerals in nursery piglets. Eighteen healthy nursery piglets were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments consisting of no copper in either form (control), 650 g/t copper sulfate (650 g/t Cu) or 320 g/t NCG-Cu (320 g/t NCG-Cu) for 35 days. Pigs fed the 320 g/t NCG-Cu diet showed a significantly (P 
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Eighteen healthy nursery piglets were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments consisting of no copper in either form (control), 650 g/t copper sulfate (650 g/t Cu) or 320 g/t NCG-Cu (320 g/t NCG-Cu) for 35 days. Pigs fed the 320 g/t NCG-Cu diet showed a significantly (P &lt; 0.05) elevated growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, IgA and IgM levels, and decreased diarrhea rate compared to those fed the 650 g/t Cu diet. Fecal copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were increased (P &lt; 0.05) when pigs were fed the 650 g/t Cu diets compared with those fed the 320 g/t NCG-Cu diets. Tissue Cu has limited effects on tissue mineral distribution, except for the distribution in the spleen and liver (P &lt; 0.05). These results indicated that 320 g/t NCG-Cu (chelated) was as effective as 650 g/t Cu (inorganic Cu) for stimulating growth and the immune response and reducing dietary fecal Cu excretion, thus reducing environmental pollution. Abbreviations: NCG: N-carbamylglutamate chelate; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; F/G: feed to gain ratio; ALB: albumin; GLU: blood glucose; CREA: creatinine; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate amino transferase; GLB: globulin; TC: total cholesterol; TP: total protein; urea: Urea; D-BIL: direct-acting-bilirubin; T-BIL: total bilirubin; UA: urate; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgM: immunoglobulin M; C 3 : complement C 3 ; LD: longissimus dorsi; ICP-OES: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; AA: amino acid; GIT: gastrointestinal; Cu-Met: Cu-methionine; CP: crude protein; NDF: neutral detergent fiber; ADF: acid detergent fiber.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-0105</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1465-3443</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1416068</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Abingdon: Taylor &amp; Francis</publisher><subject>Abbreviations ; Acids ; Alanine ; Alanine transaminase ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Amino acids ; Bilirubin ; Chelates ; Cholesterol ; Complement component C3 ; Copper ; copper source ; Copper sulfate ; Creatine ; Creatine kinase ; Creatinine ; Diarrhea ; Diet ; Excretion ; fecal cu excretion ; Feces ; Feed additives ; Feed conversion ; Globulins ; growth performance ; Growth rate ; Hogs ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Inductively coupled plasma ; L-Lactate dehydrogenase ; Lactate dehydrogenase ; Liver ; Methionine ; Minerals ; N-carbamylglutamate chelate ; nursery piglets ; Optical emission spectroscopy ; Pollution control ; Proteins ; Spectrometry ; Spleen ; Sulfates ; Urea ; Weaning ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Food and agricultural immunology, 2018-01, Vol.29 (1), p.548-563</ispartof><rights>2018 The Author(s). 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Eighteen healthy nursery piglets were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments consisting of no copper in either form (control), 650 g/t copper sulfate (650 g/t Cu) or 320 g/t NCG-Cu (320 g/t NCG-Cu) for 35 days. Pigs fed the 320 g/t NCG-Cu diet showed a significantly (P &lt; 0.05) elevated growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, IgA and IgM levels, and decreased diarrhea rate compared to those fed the 650 g/t Cu diet. Fecal copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were increased (P &lt; 0.05) when pigs were fed the 650 g/t Cu diets compared with those fed the 320 g/t NCG-Cu diets. Tissue Cu has limited effects on tissue mineral distribution, except for the distribution in the spleen and liver (P &lt; 0.05). These results indicated that 320 g/t NCG-Cu (chelated) was as effective as 650 g/t Cu (inorganic Cu) for stimulating growth and the immune response and reducing dietary fecal Cu excretion, thus reducing environmental pollution. Abbreviations: NCG: N-carbamylglutamate chelate; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; F/G: feed to gain ratio; ALB: albumin; GLU: blood glucose; CREA: creatinine; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate amino transferase; GLB: globulin; TC: total cholesterol; TP: total protein; urea: Urea; D-BIL: direct-acting-bilirubin; T-BIL: total bilirubin; UA: urate; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgM: immunoglobulin M; C 3 : complement C 3 ; LD: longissimus dorsi; ICP-OES: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; AA: amino acid; GIT: gastrointestinal; Cu-Met: Cu-methionine; CP: crude protein; NDF: neutral detergent fiber; ADF: acid detergent fiber.</description><subject>Abbreviations</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Alanine</subject><subject>Alanine transaminase</subject><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Bilirubin</subject><subject>Chelates</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Complement component C3</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>copper source</subject><subject>Copper sulfate</subject><subject>Creatine</subject><subject>Creatine kinase</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Excretion</subject><subject>fecal cu excretion</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Feed additives</subject><subject>Feed conversion</subject><subject>Globulins</subject><subject>growth performance</subject><subject>Growth rate</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin A</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins</subject><subject>Inductively coupled plasma</subject><subject>L-Lactate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Lactate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Methionine</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>N-carbamylglutamate chelate</subject><subject>nursery piglets</subject><subject>Optical emission spectroscopy</subject><subject>Pollution control</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Spectrometry</subject><subject>Spleen</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Weaning</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0954-0105</issn><issn>1465-3443</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>0YH</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kdtqFTEUhgdRcFt9BCHgjUJnu3Kaw51Sqi0UvNHrkJ2s1GxmkjHJqH0GX9qMu-2lV4GV___W4W-a1xT2FAZ4D6MUQEHuGdB-TwXtoBueNDsqOtlyIfjTZrdp2k30vHmR8xEARDfKXfPn0jk0hURHrMei0x0xcVkwkRzXZJC89SGmWx28IT_znpjvOOmC9h2Jgfh5XgOShHmJIeM5mX3ApCeSiy5rPic6WFLxtfLwg79NwuI3cyBhTRlrx8XfTljyy-aZ01PGV_fvWfPt0-XXi6v25svn64uPN60RkpaWWil7R4deYMe1ZEyMAIeRGsYdo5r13PZ9x0Zw2I-j5PSAjINBPjJzsNbxs-b6xLVRH9WS_FzXVlF79a9Q11U6FW8mVNKyeipKmbaDYHYYgEkKMGgY2DjAxnpzYi0p_lgxF3Wsdwt1fMUol3UYLrqqkieVSTHnhO6xKwW1ZageMlRbhuo-w-r7cPL54GKa9a-YJquKvptickkH47Pi_0f8BYFkohU</recordid><startdate>20180101</startdate><enddate>20180101</enddate><creator>Liao, Peng</creator><creator>Shu, Xugang</creator><creator>Tang, Min</creator><creator>Tan, Bie</creator><creator>Yin, Yulong</creator><general>Taylor &amp; Francis</general><general>Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd</general><general>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</general><scope>0YH</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-7272</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180101</creationdate><title>Effect of dietary copper source (inorganic vs. chelated) on immune response, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in nursery piglets</title><author>Liao, Peng ; Shu, Xugang ; Tang, Min ; Tan, Bie ; Yin, Yulong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-1d557f1874e63a5224900b91c23f21a273d776290fe799531be230ce392cbddf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Abbreviations</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Alanine</topic><topic>Alanine transaminase</topic><topic>Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Bilirubin</topic><topic>Chelates</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Complement component C3</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>copper source</topic><topic>Copper sulfate</topic><topic>Creatine</topic><topic>Creatine kinase</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Excretion</topic><topic>fecal cu excretion</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Feed additives</topic><topic>Feed conversion</topic><topic>Globulins</topic><topic>growth performance</topic><topic>Growth rate</topic><topic>Hogs</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin A</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Inductively coupled plasma</topic><topic>L-Lactate dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Lactate dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Methionine</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>N-carbamylglutamate chelate</topic><topic>nursery piglets</topic><topic>Optical emission spectroscopy</topic><topic>Pollution control</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Spectrometry</topic><topic>Spleen</topic><topic>Sulfates</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Weaning</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liao, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shu, Xugang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Bie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Yulong</creatorcontrib><collection>Taylor &amp; Francis Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Food and agricultural immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liao, Peng</au><au>Shu, Xugang</au><au>Tang, Min</au><au>Tan, Bie</au><au>Yin, Yulong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of dietary copper source (inorganic vs. chelated) on immune response, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in nursery piglets</atitle><jtitle>Food and agricultural immunology</jtitle><date>2018-01-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>548</spage><epage>563</epage><pages>548-563</pages><issn>0954-0105</issn><eissn>1465-3443</eissn><abstract>This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate and cupreous N-carbamylglutamate chelate (NCG-Cu) on the growth performance, serum biochemical profile, immune response, tissue mineral distributions, and fecal excretion of minerals in nursery piglets. Eighteen healthy nursery piglets were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments consisting of no copper in either form (control), 650 g/t copper sulfate (650 g/t Cu) or 320 g/t NCG-Cu (320 g/t NCG-Cu) for 35 days. Pigs fed the 320 g/t NCG-Cu diet showed a significantly (P &lt; 0.05) elevated growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, IgA and IgM levels, and decreased diarrhea rate compared to those fed the 650 g/t Cu diet. Fecal copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were increased (P &lt; 0.05) when pigs were fed the 650 g/t Cu diets compared with those fed the 320 g/t NCG-Cu diets. Tissue Cu has limited effects on tissue mineral distribution, except for the distribution in the spleen and liver (P &lt; 0.05). These results indicated that 320 g/t NCG-Cu (chelated) was as effective as 650 g/t Cu (inorganic Cu) for stimulating growth and the immune response and reducing dietary fecal Cu excretion, thus reducing environmental pollution. Abbreviations: NCG: N-carbamylglutamate chelate; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; F/G: feed to gain ratio; ALB: albumin; GLU: blood glucose; CREA: creatinine; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate amino transferase; GLB: globulin; TC: total cholesterol; TP: total protein; urea: Urea; D-BIL: direct-acting-bilirubin; T-BIL: total bilirubin; UA: urate; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgM: immunoglobulin M; C 3 : complement C 3 ; LD: longissimus dorsi; ICP-OES: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; AA: amino acid; GIT: gastrointestinal; Cu-Met: Cu-methionine; CP: crude protein; NDF: neutral detergent fiber; ADF: acid detergent fiber.</abstract><cop>Abingdon</cop><pub>Taylor &amp; Francis</pub><doi>10.1080/09540105.2017.1416068</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-7272</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Abbreviations
Acids
Alanine
Alanine transaminase
Alkaline phosphatase
Amino acids
Bilirubin
Chelates
Cholesterol
Complement component C3
Copper
copper source
Copper sulfate
Creatine
Creatine kinase
Creatinine
Diarrhea
Diet
Excretion
fecal cu excretion
Feces
Feed additives
Feed conversion
Globulins
growth performance
Growth rate
Hogs
Immune response
Immune system
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulins
Inductively coupled plasma
L-Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Liver
Methionine
Minerals
N-carbamylglutamate chelate
nursery piglets
Optical emission spectroscopy
Pollution control
Proteins
Spectrometry
Spleen
Sulfates
Urea
Weaning
Zinc
title Effect of dietary copper source (inorganic vs. chelated) on immune response, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in nursery piglets
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