Nanoparticles (Cu, TiO2, Al2O3) analysis on unsteady blood flow through an artery with a combination of stenosis and aneurysm

A theoretical and numerical study of unsteady pulsatile blood flow through an artery with a combination of stenosis and aneurysm containing nano-particles (Cu, TiO2,Al2O3) has been discussed in this article. The transport equations comprise momentum and energy partial differential equations with physiologically realistic boundary conditions. The bi-directional, non-linear, coupled differential equations are simplified by using the assumption of mild stenotic condition. The coupled differential equations are solved numerically by using robust finite difference method. The effects of nano-particles along with aneurysm on blood flow rate, wall shear stress and impedance are discussed in detail through graphs. Similarly, the graphical results of nano-particles fluid show notable deviation when compared with pure blood profiles. At the end, it is also concluded from the calculated results that both source/sink β parameter and Grashof number (Gr) facilitates the blood to maximize its flow within the vessel and minimize the hemodynamic factors such as wall shear and impedance. The circulating regions inside the flow field are also investigated through instantaneous patterns of streamlines for different parameters of interest.