Terahertz techniques for solar cell imaging

Rapid development in fabrication of solar cells requires innovations in characterization of the layers. Particular attention deserves structural imperfections which cannot be directly investigated by optical methods in a visible range. In this paper, we present two terahertz (THz) imaging approaches - Terahertz-Time Domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)-based and continuous wave (CW) -based THz imaging - which can successfully serve as powerful experimental tool for versatile characterization of the solar cells.