Ultrasound assessment of inflammation and renal tissue injury with microbubbles targeted to P-selectin

Routine methods capable of assessing tissue inflammation noninvasively are currently not available. We hypothesized that tissue retention of microbubbles targeted to the endothelial cell adhesion molecule P-selectin would provide a means to assess inflammation with ultrasound imaging. Phospholipid m...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Circulation (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2001-10, Vol.104 (17), p.2107-2112
Hauptverfasser: LINDNER, Jonathan R, JI SONG, CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan, KLIBANOV, Alexander L, FANG XU, LEY, Klaus
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 2112
container_issue 17
container_start_page 2107
container_title Circulation (New York, N.Y.)
container_volume 104
creator LINDNER, Jonathan R
JI SONG
CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan
KLIBANOV, Alexander L
FANG XU
LEY, Klaus
description Routine methods capable of assessing tissue inflammation noninvasively are currently not available. We hypothesized that tissue retention of microbubbles targeted to the endothelial cell adhesion molecule P-selectin would provide a means to assess inflammation with ultrasound imaging. Phospholipid microbubbles targeted to P-selectin (MB(p)) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibodies against murine P-selectin to the lipid shell. The microvascular behaviors of MB(p) and control microbubbles without antibody (MB) or with isotype control antibody (MB(iso)) were assessed by intravital microscopy of cremasteric venules of control and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated wild-type mice. Retention of all microbubbles increased (P
doi_str_mv 10.1161/hc4201.097061
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_212732339</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>89514825</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-86ad30ea861bf4c178fcdd742ba0ef6626b8854ec0c97d42557592a667aca71c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpFkMtLAzEQh4MotlaPXiUIHlfz2mT3KMUXFPRgz8tsNrFb9lEzWaT_vZEWPA3DfPNj5iPkmrN7zjV_2FglGL9npWGan5A5z4XKVC7LUzJnjJWZkULMyAXiNrVamvyczNKmkTJXc-LXXQyA4zQ0FBAdYu-GSEdP28F30PcQ23GgkMbBDdDR2CJOLk23U9jTnzZuaN_aMNZTXXcOaYTw5aJraBzpR4aucza2wyU589ChuzrWBVk_P30uX7PV-8vb8nGVpS-KmBUaGskcFJrXXlluCm-bxihRA3Nea6HrosiVs8yWplEiz01eCtDagAXDrVyQ20PuLozfk8NYbccppLuxElwkFVKWCcoOUDobMThf7ULbQ9hXnFV_UquD1OogNfE3x9Cp7l3zTx8tJuDuCABa6HyAwbb4zylWaiWU_AVPV4BM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>212732339</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Ultrasound assessment of inflammation and renal tissue injury with microbubbles targeted to P-selectin</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>American Heart Association Journals</source><source>Journals@Ovid Complete</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>LINDNER, Jonathan R ; JI SONG ; CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan ; KLIBANOV, Alexander L ; FANG XU ; LEY, Klaus</creator><creatorcontrib>LINDNER, Jonathan R ; JI SONG ; CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan ; KLIBANOV, Alexander L ; FANG XU ; LEY, Klaus</creatorcontrib><description>Routine methods capable of assessing tissue inflammation noninvasively are currently not available. We hypothesized that tissue retention of microbubbles targeted to the endothelial cell adhesion molecule P-selectin would provide a means to assess inflammation with ultrasound imaging. Phospholipid microbubbles targeted to P-selectin (MB(p)) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibodies against murine P-selectin to the lipid shell. The microvascular behaviors of MB(p) and control microbubbles without antibody (MB) or with isotype control antibody (MB(iso)) were assessed by intravital microscopy of cremasteric venules of control and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated wild-type mice. Retention of all microbubbles increased (P&lt;0.05) with TNF-alpha treatment because of increased attachment to activated leukocytes. Extensive attachment of MB(p) directly to the venular endothelium or to adherent platelet-leukocyte aggregates was observed in TNF-alpha-stimulated mice, resulting in 4-fold greater (P&lt;0.01) retention of MB(p) than either MB(iso) or MB. Enhanced retention of MB(p) was completely abolished in TNF-alpha-stimulated P-selectin-deficient mice. The ultrasound signal from microbubbles retained in inflamed tissue was assessed by contrast-enhanced renal ultrasound imaging of the kidneys of mice undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury. In wild-type mice, this signal was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) for MB(p) (12+/-2 U) than either MB(iso) (6+/-3 U) or MB (5+/-3 U). In P-selectin-deficient mice, the signal for MB(p) was equivalent to that from control microbubbles. Microvascular retention of microbubbles targeted to P-selectin produces strong signal enhancement on ultrasound imaging of inflamed tissue. These results suggest that site-targeted microbubbles may be used to assess inflammation, tissue injury, and other endothelial responses noninvasively with ultrasound.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-7322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1524-4539</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1161/hc4201.097061</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11673354</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CIRCAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal - chemistry ; Antibodies, Monoclonal - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Adhesion - drug effects ; Cell Adhesion - immunology ; Contrast Media - administration &amp; dosage ; Contrast Media - chemistry ; Contrast Media - metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular - immunology ; Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology ; Inflammation - chemically induced ; Inflammation - diagnostic imaging ; Inflammation - physiopathology ; Injections, Intravenous ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Kidney - blood supply ; Kidney - diagnostic imaging ; Kidney - physiopathology ; Leukocytes - drug effects ; Leukocytes - immunology ; Leukocytes - metabolism ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Micelles ; Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply ; Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging ; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects ; P-Selectin - genetics ; P-Selectin - immunology ; P-Selectin - metabolism ; Phospholipids - chemistry ; Phospholipids - metabolism ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Reperfusion Injury - chemically induced ; Reperfusion Injury - diagnosis ; Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Ultrasonic investigative techniques ; Ultrasonography - methods ; Urinary system ; Venules - diagnostic imaging ; Venules - drug effects ; Venules - physiopathology</subject><ispartof>Circulation (New York, N.Y.), 2001-10, Vol.104 (17), p.2107-2112</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Heart Association, Inc. Oct 23, 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-86ad30ea861bf4c178fcdd742ba0ef6626b8854ec0c97d42557592a667aca71c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-86ad30ea861bf4c178fcdd742ba0ef6626b8854ec0c97d42557592a667aca71c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3687,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=14096424$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11673354$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>LINDNER, Jonathan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JI SONG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KLIBANOV, Alexander L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FANG XU</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LEY, Klaus</creatorcontrib><title>Ultrasound assessment of inflammation and renal tissue injury with microbubbles targeted to P-selectin</title><title>Circulation (New York, N.Y.)</title><addtitle>Circulation</addtitle><description>Routine methods capable of assessing tissue inflammation noninvasively are currently not available. We hypothesized that tissue retention of microbubbles targeted to the endothelial cell adhesion molecule P-selectin would provide a means to assess inflammation with ultrasound imaging. Phospholipid microbubbles targeted to P-selectin (MB(p)) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibodies against murine P-selectin to the lipid shell. The microvascular behaviors of MB(p) and control microbubbles without antibody (MB) or with isotype control antibody (MB(iso)) were assessed by intravital microscopy of cremasteric venules of control and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated wild-type mice. Retention of all microbubbles increased (P&lt;0.05) with TNF-alpha treatment because of increased attachment to activated leukocytes. Extensive attachment of MB(p) directly to the venular endothelium or to adherent platelet-leukocyte aggregates was observed in TNF-alpha-stimulated mice, resulting in 4-fold greater (P&lt;0.01) retention of MB(p) than either MB(iso) or MB. Enhanced retention of MB(p) was completely abolished in TNF-alpha-stimulated P-selectin-deficient mice. The ultrasound signal from microbubbles retained in inflamed tissue was assessed by contrast-enhanced renal ultrasound imaging of the kidneys of mice undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury. In wild-type mice, this signal was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) for MB(p) (12+/-2 U) than either MB(iso) (6+/-3 U) or MB (5+/-3 U). In P-selectin-deficient mice, the signal for MB(p) was equivalent to that from control microbubbles. Microvascular retention of microbubbles targeted to P-selectin produces strong signal enhancement on ultrasound imaging of inflamed tissue. These results suggest that site-targeted microbubbles may be used to assess inflammation, tissue injury, and other endothelial responses noninvasively with ultrasound.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal - chemistry</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Adhesion - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Adhesion - immunology</subject><subject>Contrast Media - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Contrast Media - chemistry</subject><subject>Contrast Media - metabolism</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - immunology</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology</subject><subject>Inflammation - chemically induced</subject><subject>Inflammation - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Inflammation - physiopathology</subject><subject>Injections, Intravenous</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Kidney - blood supply</subject><subject>Kidney - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Kidney - physiopathology</subject><subject>Leukocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Leukocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Leukocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Knockout</subject><subject>Micelles</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</subject><subject>P-Selectin - genetics</subject><subject>P-Selectin - immunology</subject><subject>P-Selectin - metabolism</subject><subject>Phospholipids - chemistry</subject><subject>Phospholipids - metabolism</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - chemically induced</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - diagnosis</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha</subject><subject>Ultrasonic investigative techniques</subject><subject>Ultrasonography - methods</subject><subject>Urinary system</subject><subject>Venules - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Venules - drug effects</subject><subject>Venules - physiopathology</subject><issn>0009-7322</issn><issn>1524-4539</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkMtLAzEQh4MotlaPXiUIHlfz2mT3KMUXFPRgz8tsNrFb9lEzWaT_vZEWPA3DfPNj5iPkmrN7zjV_2FglGL9npWGan5A5z4XKVC7LUzJnjJWZkULMyAXiNrVamvyczNKmkTJXc-LXXQyA4zQ0FBAdYu-GSEdP28F30PcQ23GgkMbBDdDR2CJOLk23U9jTnzZuaN_aMNZTXXcOaYTw5aJraBzpR4aucza2wyU589ChuzrWBVk_P30uX7PV-8vb8nGVpS-KmBUaGskcFJrXXlluCm-bxihRA3Nea6HrosiVs8yWplEiz01eCtDagAXDrVyQ20PuLozfk8NYbccppLuxElwkFVKWCcoOUDobMThf7ULbQ9hXnFV_UquD1OogNfE3x9Cp7l3zTx8tJuDuCABa6HyAwbb4zylWaiWU_AVPV4BM</recordid><startdate>20011023</startdate><enddate>20011023</enddate><creator>LINDNER, Jonathan R</creator><creator>JI SONG</creator><creator>CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan</creator><creator>KLIBANOV, Alexander L</creator><creator>FANG XU</creator><creator>LEY, Klaus</creator><general>Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins</general><general>American Heart Association, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20011023</creationdate><title>Ultrasound assessment of inflammation and renal tissue injury with microbubbles targeted to P-selectin</title><author>LINDNER, Jonathan R ; JI SONG ; CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan ; KLIBANOV, Alexander L ; FANG XU ; LEY, Klaus</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-86ad30ea861bf4c178fcdd742ba0ef6626b8854ec0c97d42557592a667aca71c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies, Monoclonal - chemistry</topic><topic>Antibodies, Monoclonal - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Adhesion - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Adhesion - immunology</topic><topic>Contrast Media - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Contrast Media - chemistry</topic><topic>Contrast Media - metabolism</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - immunology</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology</topic><topic>Inflammation - chemically induced</topic><topic>Inflammation - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Inflammation - physiopathology</topic><topic>Injections, Intravenous</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Kidney - blood supply</topic><topic>Kidney - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Kidney - physiopathology</topic><topic>Leukocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Leukocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Leukocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Knockout</topic><topic>Micelles</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</topic><topic>P-Selectin - genetics</topic><topic>P-Selectin - immunology</topic><topic>P-Selectin - metabolism</topic><topic>Phospholipids - chemistry</topic><topic>Phospholipids - metabolism</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury - chemically induced</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury - diagnosis</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha</topic><topic>Ultrasonic investigative techniques</topic><topic>Ultrasonography - methods</topic><topic>Urinary system</topic><topic>Venules - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Venules - drug effects</topic><topic>Venules - physiopathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>LINDNER, Jonathan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JI SONG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KLIBANOV, Alexander L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FANG XU</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LEY, Klaus</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><jtitle>Circulation (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>LINDNER, Jonathan R</au><au>JI SONG</au><au>CHRISTIANSEN, Jonathan</au><au>KLIBANOV, Alexander L</au><au>FANG XU</au><au>LEY, Klaus</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ultrasound assessment of inflammation and renal tissue injury with microbubbles targeted to P-selectin</atitle><jtitle>Circulation (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle><addtitle>Circulation</addtitle><date>2001-10-23</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>2107</spage><epage>2112</epage><pages>2107-2112</pages><issn>0009-7322</issn><eissn>1524-4539</eissn><coden>CIRCAZ</coden><abstract>Routine methods capable of assessing tissue inflammation noninvasively are currently not available. We hypothesized that tissue retention of microbubbles targeted to the endothelial cell adhesion molecule P-selectin would provide a means to assess inflammation with ultrasound imaging. Phospholipid microbubbles targeted to P-selectin (MB(p)) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibodies against murine P-selectin to the lipid shell. The microvascular behaviors of MB(p) and control microbubbles without antibody (MB) or with isotype control antibody (MB(iso)) were assessed by intravital microscopy of cremasteric venules of control and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated wild-type mice. Retention of all microbubbles increased (P&lt;0.05) with TNF-alpha treatment because of increased attachment to activated leukocytes. Extensive attachment of MB(p) directly to the venular endothelium or to adherent platelet-leukocyte aggregates was observed in TNF-alpha-stimulated mice, resulting in 4-fold greater (P&lt;0.01) retention of MB(p) than either MB(iso) or MB. Enhanced retention of MB(p) was completely abolished in TNF-alpha-stimulated P-selectin-deficient mice. The ultrasound signal from microbubbles retained in inflamed tissue was assessed by contrast-enhanced renal ultrasound imaging of the kidneys of mice undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury. In wild-type mice, this signal was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) for MB(p) (12+/-2 U) than either MB(iso) (6+/-3 U) or MB (5+/-3 U). In P-selectin-deficient mice, the signal for MB(p) was equivalent to that from control microbubbles. Microvascular retention of microbubbles targeted to P-selectin produces strong signal enhancement on ultrasound imaging of inflamed tissue. These results suggest that site-targeted microbubbles may be used to assess inflammation, tissue injury, and other endothelial responses noninvasively with ultrasound.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins</pub><pmid>11673354</pmid><doi>10.1161/hc4201.097061</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0009-7322
ispartof Circulation (New York, N.Y.), 2001-10, Vol.104 (17), p.2107-2112
issn 0009-7322
1524-4539
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_212732339
source MEDLINE; American Heart Association Journals; Journals@Ovid Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals
subjects Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal - chemistry
Antibodies, Monoclonal - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Adhesion - drug effects
Cell Adhesion - immunology
Contrast Media - administration & dosage
Contrast Media - chemistry
Contrast Media - metabolism
Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects
Endothelium, Vascular - immunology
Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology
Inflammation - chemically induced
Inflammation - diagnostic imaging
Inflammation - physiopathology
Injections, Intravenous
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Kidney - blood supply
Kidney - diagnostic imaging
Kidney - physiopathology
Leukocytes - drug effects
Leukocytes - immunology
Leukocytes - metabolism
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Micelles
Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply
Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging
Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects
P-Selectin - genetics
P-Selectin - immunology
P-Selectin - metabolism
Phospholipids - chemistry
Phospholipids - metabolism
Predictive Value of Tests
Reperfusion Injury - chemically induced
Reperfusion Injury - diagnosis
Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology
Sensitivity and Specificity
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Ultrasonic investigative techniques
Ultrasonography - methods
Urinary system
Venules - diagnostic imaging
Venules - drug effects
Venules - physiopathology
title Ultrasound assessment of inflammation and renal tissue injury with microbubbles targeted to P-selectin
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-22T07%3A42%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ultrasound%20assessment%20of%20inflammation%20and%20renal%20tissue%20injury%20with%20microbubbles%20targeted%20to%20P-selectin&rft.jtitle=Circulation%20(New%20York,%20N.Y.)&rft.au=LINDNER,%20Jonathan%20R&rft.date=2001-10-23&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2107&rft.epage=2112&rft.pages=2107-2112&rft.issn=0009-7322&rft.eissn=1524-4539&rft.coden=CIRCAZ&rft_id=info:doi/10.1161/hc4201.097061&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E89514825%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=212732339&rft_id=info:pmid/11673354&rfr_iscdi=true