Microwave synthesis of carbon onions in fractal aggregates using heavy oil as a precursor

In this work we report a method for preparing carbon onions through microwave heating of heavy oil. It was shown that microwave heating of heavy oil mixed with a carbon catalyst at 300 W leads to the growth of a several-centimetre long fractal carbon structure in just 60 s. Scanning electron microsc...

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Veröffentlicht in:Carbon (New York) 2018-11, Vol.138, p.427-435
Hauptverfasser: Adam, Mohamed, Hart, Abarasi, Stevens, Lee A., Wood, Joseph, Robinson, John P., Rigby, Sean P.
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container_end_page 435
container_issue
container_start_page 427
container_title Carbon (New York)
container_volume 138
creator Adam, Mohamed
Hart, Abarasi
Stevens, Lee A.
Wood, Joseph
Robinson, John P.
Rigby, Sean P.
description In this work we report a method for preparing carbon onions through microwave heating of heavy oil. It was shown that microwave heating of heavy oil mixed with a carbon catalyst at 300 W leads to the growth of a several-centimetre long fractal carbon structure in just 60 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the structure is predominantly made of networks of small particles with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometres. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed the presence of disordered graphitic structures, including carbon onions with diameters as small as 30 nm. This was supported by the Raman spectroscopy which showed typical spectra for carbon onions with disordered graphitic structure. CO2 gas sorption results revealed a specific surface area of up to 164 m2/g. The carbon onions are believed to form through pyrolysis of the oil into light hydrocarbons followed by nucleation and growth of concentric graphitic layers. The carbon tree, subsequently, grew through aggregation of the carbon onions and further deposition of pyrolytic carbon, with the electric field configuration favoured the longitudinal growth of thin branches. This study demonstrates that carbon onions can be prepared from cheap unrefined liquid precursors. [Display omitted]
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.07.066
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It was shown that microwave heating of heavy oil mixed with a carbon catalyst at 300 W leads to the growth of a several-centimetre long fractal carbon structure in just 60 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the structure is predominantly made of networks of small particles with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometres. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed the presence of disordered graphitic structures, including carbon onions with diameters as small as 30 nm. This was supported by the Raman spectroscopy which showed typical spectra for carbon onions with disordered graphitic structure. CO2 gas sorption results revealed a specific surface area of up to 164 m2/g. The carbon onions are believed to form through pyrolysis of the oil into light hydrocarbons followed by nucleation and growth of concentric graphitic layers. The carbon tree, subsequently, grew through aggregation of the carbon onions and further deposition of pyrolytic carbon, with the electric field configuration favoured the longitudinal growth of thin branches. This study demonstrates that carbon onions can be prepared from cheap unrefined liquid precursors. 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subjects Annealing
Carbon
Fractals
Graphitic structure
Heating
High temperature
Image transmission
Nanostructured materials
Nucleation
Onions
Precursors
Pyrolysis
Raman spectroscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy
title Microwave synthesis of carbon onions in fractal aggregates using heavy oil as a precursor
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