Development of an ultra-fast photomultiplier tube for gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility (PD-PMT)
A new ultra-fast photomultiplier tube and associated drivers have been developed for use in the next generation of gamma-ray high pressure gas Cherenkov detectors for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Pulse-dilation technology has been applied to a standard m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Review of scientific instruments 2018-10, Vol.89 (10), p.10I137-10I137 |
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| creator | Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. Hares, J. D. Milnes, J. Herrmann, H. W. Horsfield, C. J. Gales, S. G. Leatherland, A. Hilsabeck, T. Kilkenny, J. D. |
| description | A new ultra-fast photomultiplier tube and associated drivers have been developed for use in the next generation of gamma-ray high pressure gas Cherenkov detectors for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Pulse-dilation technology has been applied to a standard micro-channel-plate-based photomultiplier tube to improve the temporal response by about 10×. The tube has been packaged suitably for deployment on the National Ignition Facility, and remote electronics have been designed to deliver the required non-linear waveforms to the pulse dilation electrode. This is achieved with an avalanche pulse generator system capable of generating fast arbitrary waveforms over the useful parameter space. The pulse is delivered via fast impedance-matching transformers and isolators, allowing the cathode to be ramped on a sub-nanosecond time scale between two high voltages in a controlled non-linear manner. This results in near linear pulse dilation over several ns. The device has a built-in fiducial system that allows easy calibration and testing with fiber optic laser sources. Results are presented demonstrating the greatly improved response time and other parameters of the device. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1063/1.5039327 |
| format | Article |
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K. L. ; Hares, J. D. ; Milnes, J. ; Herrmann, H. W. ; Horsfield, C. J. ; Gales, S. G. ; Leatherland, A. ; Hilsabeck, T. ; Kilkenny, J. D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. ; Hares, J. D. ; Milnes, J. ; Herrmann, H. W. ; Horsfield, C. J. ; Gales, S. G. ; Leatherland, A. ; Hilsabeck, T. ; Kilkenny, J. D.</creatorcontrib><description>A new ultra-fast photomultiplier tube and associated drivers have been developed for use in the next generation of gamma-ray high pressure gas Cherenkov detectors for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Pulse-dilation technology has been applied to a standard micro-channel-plate-based photomultiplier tube to improve the temporal response by about 10×. The tube has been packaged suitably for deployment on the National Ignition Facility, and remote electronics have been designed to deliver the required non-linear waveforms to the pulse dilation electrode. This is achieved with an avalanche pulse generator system capable of generating fast arbitrary waveforms over the useful parameter space. The pulse is delivered via fast impedance-matching transformers and isolators, allowing the cathode to be ramped on a sub-nanosecond time scale between two high voltages in a controlled non-linear manner. This results in near linear pulse dilation over several ns. The device has a built-in fiducial system that allows easy calibration and testing with fiber optic laser sources. Results are presented demonstrating the greatly improved response time and other parameters of the device.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-6748</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7623</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.5039327</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30399690</identifier><identifier>CODEN: RSINAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Avalanches ; Cerenkov counters ; Detectors ; Dilation ; Fiber lasers ; Fiber optics ; Gamma rays ; High voltages ; Ignition ; Impedance matching ; Inertial confinement fusion ; Isolators ; Microchannels ; Nonlinear control ; Optical fibers ; Parameters ; Photomultiplier tubes ; Plasma ; Pulse generators ; Response time ; Scientific apparatus & instruments ; Waveforms</subject><ispartof>Review of scientific instruments, 2018-10, Vol.89 (10), p.10I137-10I137</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2018 Author(s). Published by AIP Publishing.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-641140af786b156f278ada70d762978f066b380f157956dd59d204782e2fca673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-641140af786b156f278ada70d762978f066b380f157956dd59d204782e2fca673</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0947-2808 ; 0000-0002-5625-7214 ; 0000-0002-5388-7544 ; 0000-0002-3567-7893 ; 0000-0002-4703-4289 ; 0000000256257214 ; 0000000253887544 ; 0000000247034289 ; 0000000309472808 ; 0000000235677893</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.aip.org/rsi/article-lookup/doi/10.1063/1.5039327$$EHTML$$P50$$Gscitation$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,791,4498,27905,27906,76133</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30399690$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hares, J. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milnes, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herrmann, H. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horsfield, C. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gales, S. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leatherland, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilsabeck, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kilkenny, J. D.</creatorcontrib><title>Development of an ultra-fast photomultiplier tube for gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility (PD-PMT)</title><title>Review of scientific instruments</title><addtitle>Rev Sci Instrum</addtitle><description>A new ultra-fast photomultiplier tube and associated drivers have been developed for use in the next generation of gamma-ray high pressure gas Cherenkov detectors for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Pulse-dilation technology has been applied to a standard micro-channel-plate-based photomultiplier tube to improve the temporal response by about 10×. The tube has been packaged suitably for deployment on the National Ignition Facility, and remote electronics have been designed to deliver the required non-linear waveforms to the pulse dilation electrode. This is achieved with an avalanche pulse generator system capable of generating fast arbitrary waveforms over the useful parameter space. The pulse is delivered via fast impedance-matching transformers and isolators, allowing the cathode to be ramped on a sub-nanosecond time scale between two high voltages in a controlled non-linear manner. This results in near linear pulse dilation over several ns. The device has a built-in fiducial system that allows easy calibration and testing with fiber optic laser sources. Results are presented demonstrating the greatly improved response time and other parameters of the device.</description><subject>Avalanches</subject><subject>Cerenkov counters</subject><subject>Detectors</subject><subject>Dilation</subject><subject>Fiber lasers</subject><subject>Fiber optics</subject><subject>Gamma rays</subject><subject>High voltages</subject><subject>Ignition</subject><subject>Impedance matching</subject><subject>Inertial confinement fusion</subject><subject>Isolators</subject><subject>Microchannels</subject><subject>Nonlinear control</subject><subject>Optical fibers</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Photomultiplier tubes</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Pulse generators</subject><subject>Response time</subject><subject>Scientific apparatus & instruments</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><issn>0034-6748</issn><issn>1089-7623</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90cFO3DAQBmCrApUt5cALIEtcoFLoOE5s54iWQpFoywHO0Wxis6ZJHGwHaS88O97uwqEHfLFlffqlmZ-QQwZnDAT_zs5K4BXP5ScyY6CqTIqc75AZAC8yIQu1R76E8AjplIx9Jns88UpUMCMvF_pZd27s9RCpMxQHOnXRY2YwRDouXXR9-rBjZ7WncVpoapynD9j3mHlc0flSez38dc-01VE30flAMdK41PQ3RusG7Oj1w2DXT3qJje1sXNGT24vs9tfd6Veya7AL-mB775P7yx9385_ZzZ-r6_n5TdbwQsVMFIwVgEYqsWClMLlU2KKENg1aSWVAiAVXYFgpq1K0bVm1ORRS5To3DQrJ98nJJnf07mnSIda9DY3uOhy0m0KdMw4KQApI9Pg_-ugmn8ZYq5wxmXZYJHW6UY13IXht6tHbHv2qZlCvS6lZvS0l2aNt4rTodfsu31pI4NsGhMbGf0v7IO0Vr5CSig</recordid><startdate>201810</startdate><enddate>201810</enddate><creator>Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L.</creator><creator>Hares, J. D.</creator><creator>Milnes, J.</creator><creator>Herrmann, H. W.</creator><creator>Horsfield, C. J.</creator><creator>Gales, S. G.</creator><creator>Leatherland, A.</creator><creator>Hilsabeck, T.</creator><creator>Kilkenny, J. D.</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-2808</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-7214</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-7544</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-7893</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4289</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000256257214</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000253887544</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000247034289</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000309472808</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000235677893</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201810</creationdate><title>Development of an ultra-fast photomultiplier tube for gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility (PD-PMT)</title><author>Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. ; Hares, J. D. ; Milnes, J. ; Herrmann, H. W. ; Horsfield, C. J. ; Gales, S. G. ; Leatherland, A. ; Hilsabeck, T. ; Kilkenny, J. 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K. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hares, J. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milnes, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herrmann, H. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horsfield, C. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gales, S. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leatherland, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilsabeck, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kilkenny, J. D.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Review of scientific instruments</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L.</au><au>Hares, J. D.</au><au>Milnes, J.</au><au>Herrmann, H. W.</au><au>Horsfield, C. J.</au><au>Gales, S. G.</au><au>Leatherland, A.</au><au>Hilsabeck, T.</au><au>Kilkenny, J. D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of an ultra-fast photomultiplier tube for gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility (PD-PMT)</atitle><jtitle>Review of scientific instruments</jtitle><addtitle>Rev Sci Instrum</addtitle><date>2018-10</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>10I137</spage><epage>10I137</epage><pages>10I137-10I137</pages><issn>0034-6748</issn><eissn>1089-7623</eissn><coden>RSINAK</coden><abstract>A new ultra-fast photomultiplier tube and associated drivers have been developed for use in the next generation of gamma-ray high pressure gas Cherenkov detectors for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Pulse-dilation technology has been applied to a standard micro-channel-plate-based photomultiplier tube to improve the temporal response by about 10×. The tube has been packaged suitably for deployment on the National Ignition Facility, and remote electronics have been designed to deliver the required non-linear waveforms to the pulse dilation electrode. This is achieved with an avalanche pulse generator system capable of generating fast arbitrary waveforms over the useful parameter space. The pulse is delivered via fast impedance-matching transformers and isolators, allowing the cathode to be ramped on a sub-nanosecond time scale between two high voltages in a controlled non-linear manner. This results in near linear pulse dilation over several ns. The device has a built-in fiducial system that allows easy calibration and testing with fiber optic laser sources. Results are presented demonstrating the greatly improved response time and other parameters of the device.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><pmid>30399690</pmid><doi>10.1063/1.5039327</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-2808</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-7214</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-7544</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-7893</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4289</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000256257214</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000253887544</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000247034289</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000309472808</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000235677893</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Review of scientific instruments, 2018-10, Vol.89 (10), p.10I137-10I137 |
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| source | AIP Journals Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Avalanches Cerenkov counters Detectors Dilation Fiber lasers Fiber optics Gamma rays High voltages Ignition Impedance matching Inertial confinement fusion Isolators Microchannels Nonlinear control Optical fibers Parameters Photomultiplier tubes Plasma Pulse generators Response time Scientific apparatus & instruments Waveforms |
| title | Development of an ultra-fast photomultiplier tube for gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility (PD-PMT) |
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