A dearth of small particles in the transiting material around the white dwarf WD 1145+017
Abstract White dwarf WD 1145+017 is orbited by several clouds of dust, possibly emanating from actively disintegrating bodies. These dust clouds reveal themselves through deep, broad, and evolving transits in the star's light curve. Here, we report two epochs of multiwavelength photometric obse...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2018-03, Vol.474 (4), p.4795-4809 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 4809 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 4795 |
| container_title | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| container_volume | 474 |
| creator | Xu(许偲艺), S Rappaport, S van Lieshout, R Vanderburg, A Gary, B Hallakoun, N Ivanov, V D Wyatt, M C DeVore, J Bayliss, D Bento, J Bieryla, A Cameron, A Cann, J M Croll, B Collins, K A Dalba, P A Debes, J Doyle, D Dufour, P Ely, J Espinoza, N Joner, M D Jura, M Kaye, T McClain, J L Muirhead, P Palle, E Panka, P A Provencal, J Randall, S Rodriguez, J E Scarborough, J Sefako, R Shporer, A Strickland, W Zhou, G Zuckerman, B |
| description | Abstract
White dwarf WD 1145+017 is orbited by several clouds of dust, possibly emanating from actively disintegrating bodies. These dust clouds reveal themselves through deep, broad, and evolving transits in the star's light curve. Here, we report two epochs of multiwavelength photometric observations of WD 1145+017, including several filters in the optical, Ks and 4.5 μm bands in 2016 and 2017. The observed transit depths are different at these wavelengths. However, after correcting for excess dust emission at Ks and 4.5 μm, we find the transit depths for the white dwarf itself are the same at all wavelengths, at least to within the observational uncertainties of ∼5–10 per cent. From this surprising result, and under the assumption of low optical depth dust clouds, we conclude that there is a deficit of small particles (with radii s ≲ 1.5 μm) in the transiting material. We propose a model wherein only large particles can survive the high equilibrium temperature environment corresponding to 4.5 h orbital periods around WD 1145+017, while small particles sublimate rapidly. In addition, we evaluate dust models that are permitted by our measurements of infrared emission. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/mnras/stx3023 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_TOX</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2120614773</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><oup_id>10.1093/mnras/stx3023</oup_id><sourcerecordid>2120614773</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c267t-290f0ec98aacf99a92c9cae1fba862101c7fe70ae2075afdc0ac5c47f8897cc73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkE1LAzEQhoMoWKtH7wEvgqydJLubzbHU-gEFL4p4WsZsYlP2yyRL9d-7tr17GoZ5mPflIeSSwS0DJWZN6zHMQvwWwMURmTCRZwlXeX5MJgAiSwrJ2Ck5C2EDAKng-YS8z2ll0Mc17SwNDdY17cfV6doE6loa14ZGj21w0bWftMFovMOaou-Gttqdt2sXDa226C19u6OMpdkNMHlOTizWwVwc5pS83i9fFo_J6vnhaTFfJZrnMo79wILRqkDUVilUXCuNhtkPLHLOgGlpjQQ0HGSGttKAOtOptEWhpNZSTMnV_m_vu6_BhFhuusG3Y2TJGYecpVKKkUr2lPZdCN7YsveuQf9TMij_7JU7e-XB3shf7_lu6P9BfwFxEXHS</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2120614773</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A dearth of small particles in the transiting material around the white dwarf WD 1145+017</title><source>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</source><creator>Xu(许偲艺), S ; Rappaport, S ; van Lieshout, R ; Vanderburg, A ; Gary, B ; Hallakoun, N ; Ivanov, V D ; Wyatt, M C ; DeVore, J ; Bayliss, D ; Bento, J ; Bieryla, A ; Cameron, A ; Cann, J M ; Croll, B ; Collins, K A ; Dalba, P A ; Debes, J ; Doyle, D ; Dufour, P ; Ely, J ; Espinoza, N ; Joner, M D ; Jura, M ; Kaye, T ; McClain, J L ; Muirhead, P ; Palle, E ; Panka, P A ; Provencal, J ; Randall, S ; Rodriguez, J E ; Scarborough, J ; Sefako, R ; Shporer, A ; Strickland, W ; Zhou, G ; Zuckerman, B</creator><creatorcontrib>Xu(许偲艺), S ; Rappaport, S ; van Lieshout, R ; Vanderburg, A ; Gary, B ; Hallakoun, N ; Ivanov, V D ; Wyatt, M C ; DeVore, J ; Bayliss, D ; Bento, J ; Bieryla, A ; Cameron, A ; Cann, J M ; Croll, B ; Collins, K A ; Dalba, P A ; Debes, J ; Doyle, D ; Dufour, P ; Ely, J ; Espinoza, N ; Joner, M D ; Jura, M ; Kaye, T ; McClain, J L ; Muirhead, P ; Palle, E ; Panka, P A ; Provencal, J ; Randall, S ; Rodriguez, J E ; Scarborough, J ; Sefako, R ; Shporer, A ; Strickland, W ; Zhou, G ; Zuckerman, B</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract
White dwarf WD 1145+017 is orbited by several clouds of dust, possibly emanating from actively disintegrating bodies. These dust clouds reveal themselves through deep, broad, and evolving transits in the star's light curve. Here, we report two epochs of multiwavelength photometric observations of WD 1145+017, including several filters in the optical, Ks and 4.5 μm bands in 2016 and 2017. The observed transit depths are different at these wavelengths. However, after correcting for excess dust emission at Ks and 4.5 μm, we find the transit depths for the white dwarf itself are the same at all wavelengths, at least to within the observational uncertainties of ∼5–10 per cent. From this surprising result, and under the assumption of low optical depth dust clouds, we conclude that there is a deficit of small particles (with radii s ≲ 1.5 μm) in the transiting material. We propose a model wherein only large particles can survive the high equilibrium temperature environment corresponding to 4.5 h orbital periods around WD 1145+017, while small particles sublimate rapidly. In addition, we evaluate dust models that are permitted by our measurements of infrared emission.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0035-8711</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2966</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx3023</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Clouds ; Disintegration ; Dust ; Dust clouds ; Emission ; Emission measurements ; Light curve ; Optical analysis ; Orbits ; Particulates ; Photometry ; Stellar evolution ; Transits ; Wavelengths ; White dwarf stars</subject><ispartof>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2018-03, Vol.474 (4), p.4795-4809</ispartof><rights>2017 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society 2018</rights><rights>2017 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c267t-290f0ec98aacf99a92c9cae1fba862101c7fe70ae2075afdc0ac5c47f8897cc73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c267t-290f0ec98aacf99a92c9cae1fba862101c7fe70ae2075afdc0ac5c47f8897cc73</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9801-8249 ; 0000-0002-0374-2152 ; 0000-0002-4297-5506 ; 0000-0002-4814-5511 ; 0000-0002-0430-7793</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1598,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3023$$EView_record_in_Oxford_University_Press$$FView_record_in_$$GOxford_University_Press</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xu(许偲艺), S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rappaport, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Lieshout, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vanderburg, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gary, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallakoun, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivanov, V D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyatt, M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeVore, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayliss, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bento, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bieryla, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cameron, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cann, J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Croll, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, K A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalba, P A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Debes, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doyle, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dufour, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ely, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Espinoza, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joner, M D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jura, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaye, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McClain, J L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muirhead, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palle, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panka, P A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Provencal, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Randall, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez, J E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarborough, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sefako, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shporer, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strickland, W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuckerman, B</creatorcontrib><title>A dearth of small particles in the transiting material around the white dwarf WD 1145+017</title><title>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><description>Abstract
White dwarf WD 1145+017 is orbited by several clouds of dust, possibly emanating from actively disintegrating bodies. These dust clouds reveal themselves through deep, broad, and evolving transits in the star's light curve. Here, we report two epochs of multiwavelength photometric observations of WD 1145+017, including several filters in the optical, Ks and 4.5 μm bands in 2016 and 2017. The observed transit depths are different at these wavelengths. However, after correcting for excess dust emission at Ks and 4.5 μm, we find the transit depths for the white dwarf itself are the same at all wavelengths, at least to within the observational uncertainties of ∼5–10 per cent. From this surprising result, and under the assumption of low optical depth dust clouds, we conclude that there is a deficit of small particles (with radii s ≲ 1.5 μm) in the transiting material. We propose a model wherein only large particles can survive the high equilibrium temperature environment corresponding to 4.5 h orbital periods around WD 1145+017, while small particles sublimate rapidly. In addition, we evaluate dust models that are permitted by our measurements of infrared emission.</description><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Disintegration</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Dust clouds</subject><subject>Emission</subject><subject>Emission measurements</subject><subject>Light curve</subject><subject>Optical analysis</subject><subject>Orbits</subject><subject>Particulates</subject><subject>Photometry</subject><subject>Stellar evolution</subject><subject>Transits</subject><subject>Wavelengths</subject><subject>White dwarf stars</subject><issn>0035-8711</issn><issn>1365-2966</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE1LAzEQhoMoWKtH7wEvgqydJLubzbHU-gEFL4p4WsZsYlP2yyRL9d-7tr17GoZ5mPflIeSSwS0DJWZN6zHMQvwWwMURmTCRZwlXeX5MJgAiSwrJ2Ck5C2EDAKng-YS8z2ll0Mc17SwNDdY17cfV6doE6loa14ZGj21w0bWftMFovMOaou-Gttqdt2sXDa226C19u6OMpdkNMHlOTizWwVwc5pS83i9fFo_J6vnhaTFfJZrnMo79wILRqkDUVilUXCuNhtkPLHLOgGlpjQQ0HGSGttKAOtOptEWhpNZSTMnV_m_vu6_BhFhuusG3Y2TJGYecpVKKkUr2lPZdCN7YsveuQf9TMij_7JU7e-XB3shf7_lu6P9BfwFxEXHS</recordid><startdate>20180301</startdate><enddate>20180301</enddate><creator>Xu(许偲艺), S</creator><creator>Rappaport, S</creator><creator>van Lieshout, R</creator><creator>Vanderburg, A</creator><creator>Gary, B</creator><creator>Hallakoun, N</creator><creator>Ivanov, V D</creator><creator>Wyatt, M C</creator><creator>DeVore, J</creator><creator>Bayliss, D</creator><creator>Bento, J</creator><creator>Bieryla, A</creator><creator>Cameron, A</creator><creator>Cann, J M</creator><creator>Croll, B</creator><creator>Collins, K A</creator><creator>Dalba, P A</creator><creator>Debes, J</creator><creator>Doyle, D</creator><creator>Dufour, P</creator><creator>Ely, J</creator><creator>Espinoza, N</creator><creator>Joner, M D</creator><creator>Jura, M</creator><creator>Kaye, T</creator><creator>McClain, J L</creator><creator>Muirhead, P</creator><creator>Palle, E</creator><creator>Panka, P A</creator><creator>Provencal, J</creator><creator>Randall, S</creator><creator>Rodriguez, J E</creator><creator>Scarborough, J</creator><creator>Sefako, R</creator><creator>Shporer, A</creator><creator>Strickland, W</creator><creator>Zhou, G</creator><creator>Zuckerman, B</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-8249</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-2152</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-5506</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-5511</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0430-7793</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180301</creationdate><title>A dearth of small particles in the transiting material around the white dwarf WD 1145+017</title><author>Xu(许偲艺), S ; Rappaport, S ; van Lieshout, R ; Vanderburg, A ; Gary, B ; Hallakoun, N ; Ivanov, V D ; Wyatt, M C ; DeVore, J ; Bayliss, D ; Bento, J ; Bieryla, A ; Cameron, A ; Cann, J M ; Croll, B ; Collins, K A ; Dalba, P A ; Debes, J ; Doyle, D ; Dufour, P ; Ely, J ; Espinoza, N ; Joner, M D ; Jura, M ; Kaye, T ; McClain, J L ; Muirhead, P ; Palle, E ; Panka, P A ; Provencal, J ; Randall, S ; Rodriguez, J E ; Scarborough, J ; Sefako, R ; Shporer, A ; Strickland, W ; Zhou, G ; Zuckerman, B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c267t-290f0ec98aacf99a92c9cae1fba862101c7fe70ae2075afdc0ac5c47f8897cc73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Clouds</topic><topic>Disintegration</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Dust clouds</topic><topic>Emission</topic><topic>Emission measurements</topic><topic>Light curve</topic><topic>Optical analysis</topic><topic>Orbits</topic><topic>Particulates</topic><topic>Photometry</topic><topic>Stellar evolution</topic><topic>Transits</topic><topic>Wavelengths</topic><topic>White dwarf stars</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xu(许偲艺), S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rappaport, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Lieshout, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vanderburg, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gary, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallakoun, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivanov, V D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyatt, M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeVore, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayliss, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bento, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bieryla, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cameron, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cann, J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Croll, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, K A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalba, P A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Debes, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doyle, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dufour, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ely, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Espinoza, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joner, M D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jura, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaye, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McClain, J L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muirhead, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palle, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panka, P A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Provencal, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Randall, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez, J E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarborough, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sefako, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shporer, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strickland, W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuckerman, B</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu(许偲艺), S</au><au>Rappaport, S</au><au>van Lieshout, R</au><au>Vanderburg, A</au><au>Gary, B</au><au>Hallakoun, N</au><au>Ivanov, V D</au><au>Wyatt, M C</au><au>DeVore, J</au><au>Bayliss, D</au><au>Bento, J</au><au>Bieryla, A</au><au>Cameron, A</au><au>Cann, J M</au><au>Croll, B</au><au>Collins, K A</au><au>Dalba, P A</au><au>Debes, J</au><au>Doyle, D</au><au>Dufour, P</au><au>Ely, J</au><au>Espinoza, N</au><au>Joner, M D</au><au>Jura, M</au><au>Kaye, T</au><au>McClain, J L</au><au>Muirhead, P</au><au>Palle, E</au><au>Panka, P A</au><au>Provencal, J</au><au>Randall, S</au><au>Rodriguez, J E</au><au>Scarborough, J</au><au>Sefako, R</au><au>Shporer, A</au><au>Strickland, W</au><au>Zhou, G</au><au>Zuckerman, B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A dearth of small particles in the transiting material around the white dwarf WD 1145+017</atitle><jtitle>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</jtitle><date>2018-03-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>474</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>4795</spage><epage>4809</epage><pages>4795-4809</pages><issn>0035-8711</issn><eissn>1365-2966</eissn><abstract>Abstract
White dwarf WD 1145+017 is orbited by several clouds of dust, possibly emanating from actively disintegrating bodies. These dust clouds reveal themselves through deep, broad, and evolving transits in the star's light curve. Here, we report two epochs of multiwavelength photometric observations of WD 1145+017, including several filters in the optical, Ks and 4.5 μm bands in 2016 and 2017. The observed transit depths are different at these wavelengths. However, after correcting for excess dust emission at Ks and 4.5 μm, we find the transit depths for the white dwarf itself are the same at all wavelengths, at least to within the observational uncertainties of ∼5–10 per cent. From this surprising result, and under the assumption of low optical depth dust clouds, we conclude that there is a deficit of small particles (with radii s ≲ 1.5 μm) in the transiting material. We propose a model wherein only large particles can survive the high equilibrium temperature environment corresponding to 4.5 h orbital periods around WD 1145+017, while small particles sublimate rapidly. In addition, we evaluate dust models that are permitted by our measurements of infrared emission.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><doi>10.1093/mnras/stx3023</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-8249</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-2152</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-5506</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-5511</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0430-7793</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0035-8711 |
| ispartof | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2018-03, Vol.474 (4), p.4795-4809 |
| issn | 0035-8711 1365-2966 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2120614773 |
| source | Oxford Journals Open Access Collection |
| subjects | Clouds Disintegration Dust Dust clouds Emission Emission measurements Light curve Optical analysis Orbits Particulates Photometry Stellar evolution Transits Wavelengths White dwarf stars |
| title | A dearth of small particles in the transiting material around the white dwarf WD 1145+017 |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T16%3A46%3A29IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_TOX&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20dearth%20of%20small%20particles%20in%20the%20transiting%20material%20around%20the%20white%20dwarf%20WD%201145+017&rft.jtitle=Monthly%20notices%20of%20the%20Royal%20Astronomical%20Society&rft.au=Xu(%E8%AE%B8%E5%81%B2%E8%89%BA),%20S&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.volume=474&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=4795&rft.epage=4809&rft.pages=4795-4809&rft.issn=0035-8711&rft.eissn=1365-2966&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/mnras/stx3023&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_TOX%3E2120614773%3C/proquest_TOX%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2120614773&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_oup_id=10.1093/mnras/stx3023&rfr_iscdi=true |