Geochemical characterization and renal cell toxicity of water-soluble extracts from U.S. Gulf Coast lignite
An assortment of organic material can leach from lignite (low-rank coal) in water, and the water-soluble fraction from lignite has been associated with adverse health effects in areas of the Balkans. Recent efforts have been made to evaluate this hypothesis in other areas where lignite is in contact...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental geochemistry and health 2019-04, Vol.41 (2), p.1037-1053 |
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| creator | Ojeda, A. S. Ford, S. D. Gallucci, R. M. Ihnat, M. A. Philp, R. P. |
| description | An assortment of organic material can leach from lignite (low-rank coal) in water, and the water-soluble fraction from lignite has been associated with adverse health effects in areas of the Balkans. Recent efforts have been made to evaluate this hypothesis in other areas where lignite is in contact with groundwater like in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. In this study, five Gulf Coast lignite samples were extracted with water, and the water-soluble portion of the coal was then characterized by total organic carbon, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Additionally, human kidney cells (HK-2) were exposed to water-soluble extracts of Gulf Coast lignite to assess toxicity. Cell viability was measured, and a dose–response curve was used to generate IC
50
values that ranged from 490 to 3000 ppm. The most toxic extract (Dolet Hills) was from Louisiana where lignite-derived organic material has been previously linked to high incidence of renal pelvic cancer. Concentrations of nephrotoxic metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) were screened and were below those considered toxic to renal cells. We conclude that leachates from lignite do indeed have toxic affects on cultured human renal cells. Although the IC
50
values are higher than the concentration of organic matter in the local groundwater, typically |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10653-018-0196-7 |
| format | Article |
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50
values that ranged from 490 to 3000 ppm. The most toxic extract (Dolet Hills) was from Louisiana where lignite-derived organic material has been previously linked to high incidence of renal pelvic cancer. Concentrations of nephrotoxic metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) were screened and were below those considered toxic to renal cells. We conclude that leachates from lignite do indeed have toxic affects on cultured human renal cells. Although the IC
50
values are higher than the concentration of organic matter in the local groundwater, typically < 5 ppm, the effects of long-term low-level exposure is not known.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-4042</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2983</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0196-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30276587</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Analytical methods ; Aquifers ; Cadmium ; Cancer ; Carbon - analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells ; Coal ; Coal - analysis ; Coal - toxicity ; Contamination ; Copper ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Gas chromatography ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Gas flow ; Geochemistry ; Groundwater ; Health risks ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Kidney - cytology ; Kidney - drug effects ; Kidney diseases ; Kidneys ; Leachates ; Lead ; Lignite ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Mercury ; Mercury (metal) ; Mercury - analysis ; Mercury - toxicity ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Metals - analysis ; Metals - toxicity ; Morphology ; Organic carbon ; Organic matter ; Original Paper ; Phenols ; Public Health ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Sulfur ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Total organic carbon ; Toxicity ; Toxicity Tests - methods ; Ultraviolet radiation ; United States ; Water - chemistry ; Water pollution ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Environmental geochemistry and health, 2019-04, Vol.41 (2), p.1037-1053</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature B.V. 2018</rights><rights>Environmental Geochemistry and Health is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-e237df4e4869e8c1d3a1b6e19decd6bc7f47cb88e067db07cab4850d5360f0803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-e237df4e4869e8c1d3a1b6e19decd6bc7f47cb88e067db07cab4850d5360f0803</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10653-018-0196-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10653-018-0196-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30276587$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ojeda, A. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ford, S. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallucci, R. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ihnat, M. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Philp, R. P.</creatorcontrib><title>Geochemical characterization and renal cell toxicity of water-soluble extracts from U.S. Gulf Coast lignite</title><title>Environmental geochemistry and health</title><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><description>An assortment of organic material can leach from lignite (low-rank coal) in water, and the water-soluble fraction from lignite has been associated with adverse health effects in areas of the Balkans. Recent efforts have been made to evaluate this hypothesis in other areas where lignite is in contact with groundwater like in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. In this study, five Gulf Coast lignite samples were extracted with water, and the water-soluble portion of the coal was then characterized by total organic carbon, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Additionally, human kidney cells (HK-2) were exposed to water-soluble extracts of Gulf Coast lignite to assess toxicity. Cell viability was measured, and a dose–response curve was used to generate IC
50
values that ranged from 490 to 3000 ppm. The most toxic extract (Dolet Hills) was from Louisiana where lignite-derived organic material has been previously linked to high incidence of renal pelvic cancer. Concentrations of nephrotoxic metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) were screened and were below those considered toxic to renal cells. We conclude that leachates from lignite do indeed have toxic affects on cultured human renal cells. Although the IC
50
values are higher than the concentration of organic matter in the local groundwater, typically < 5 ppm, the effects of long-term low-level exposure is not known.</description><subject>Analytical methods</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carbon - analysis</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cells</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Coal - analysis</subject><subject>Coal - toxicity</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Gas flow</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Kidney - cytology</subject><subject>Kidney - drug effects</subject><subject>Kidney diseases</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lignite</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury (metal)</subject><subject>Mercury - analysis</subject><subject>Mercury - toxicity</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals - analysis</subject><subject>Metals - toxicity</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Renal cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Total organic carbon</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests - methods</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0269-4042</issn><issn>1573-2983</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kD1PwzAQhi0EgvLxA1iQJeaUc5zYzogqKEiVGIDZcpwLBNK42I5o-fUkaoGJ4eThnvc9-SHknMGUAcirwEDkPAGmhilEIvfIhOWSJ2mh-D6ZQCqKJIMsPSLHIbwBQCEzdUiOOKRS5EpOyPscnX3FZWNNS-2r8cZG9M2XiY3rqOkq6rEbV9i2NLp1Y5u4oa6mn2bgkuDavmyR4jqOyUBr75b0efo4pfO-renMmRBp27x0TcRTclCbNuDZ7j0hz7c3T7O7ZPEwv59dLxLLZRoTTLms6gwzJQpUllXcsFIgKyq0lSitrDNpS6UQhKxKkNaUmcqhyrmAGhTwE3K57V1599FjiPrN9X74RdApY9noAEaKbSnrXQgea73yzdL4jWagR716q1cPevWoV8shc7Fr7sslVr-JH58DkG6BMKy6F_R_p_9v_QagtYZa</recordid><startdate>20190401</startdate><enddate>20190401</enddate><creator>Ojeda, A. 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S.</au><au>Ford, S. D.</au><au>Gallucci, R. M.</au><au>Ihnat, M. A.</au><au>Philp, R. P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Geochemical characterization and renal cell toxicity of water-soluble extracts from U.S. Gulf Coast lignite</atitle><jtitle>Environmental geochemistry and health</jtitle><stitle>Environ Geochem Health</stitle><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><date>2019-04-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1037</spage><epage>1053</epage><pages>1037-1053</pages><issn>0269-4042</issn><eissn>1573-2983</eissn><abstract>An assortment of organic material can leach from lignite (low-rank coal) in water, and the water-soluble fraction from lignite has been associated with adverse health effects in areas of the Balkans. Recent efforts have been made to evaluate this hypothesis in other areas where lignite is in contact with groundwater like in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. In this study, five Gulf Coast lignite samples were extracted with water, and the water-soluble portion of the coal was then characterized by total organic carbon, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Additionally, human kidney cells (HK-2) were exposed to water-soluble extracts of Gulf Coast lignite to assess toxicity. Cell viability was measured, and a dose–response curve was used to generate IC
50
values that ranged from 490 to 3000 ppm. The most toxic extract (Dolet Hills) was from Louisiana where lignite-derived organic material has been previously linked to high incidence of renal pelvic cancer. Concentrations of nephrotoxic metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) were screened and were below those considered toxic to renal cells. We conclude that leachates from lignite do indeed have toxic affects on cultured human renal cells. Although the IC
50
values are higher than the concentration of organic matter in the local groundwater, typically < 5 ppm, the effects of long-term low-level exposure is not known.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>30276587</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10653-018-0196-7</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analytical methods Aquifers Cadmium Cancer Carbon - analysis Cell Line Cells Coal Coal - analysis Coal - toxicity Contamination Copper Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Gas chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Gas flow Geochemistry Groundwater Health risks Humans Hypotheses Kidney - cytology Kidney - drug effects Kidney diseases Kidneys Leachates Lead Lignite Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Mercury Mercury (metal) Mercury - analysis Mercury - toxicity Metal concentrations Metals Metals - analysis Metals - toxicity Morphology Organic carbon Organic matter Original Paper Phenols Public Health Renal cell carcinoma Soil Science & Conservation Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Sulfur Terrestrial Pollution Total organic carbon Toxicity Toxicity Tests - methods Ultraviolet radiation United States Water - chemistry Water pollution Zinc |
| title | Geochemical characterization and renal cell toxicity of water-soluble extracts from U.S. Gulf Coast lignite |
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