Effect of the Slag Composition and a Protective Atmosphere on Chemical Reactions and Non‐Metallic Inclusions during Electro‐Slag Remelting of a Hot‐Work Tool Steel
The remelting behavior of the hot‐work tool steel X37CrMoV5‐1 is investigated with several experimental melts on a lab‐scale ESR‐plant. The investigated parameters comprise a variation of the slag compositions and the use of a protective nitrogen atmosphere. Variations of the slag composition includ...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Steel research international 2018-10, Vol.89 (10), p.n/a |
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| creator | Schneider, Reinhold S.E. Molnar, Manuel Gelder, Siegfried Reiter, Gerhard Martinez, Carlos |
| description | The remelting behavior of the hot‐work tool steel X37CrMoV5‐1 is investigated with several experimental melts on a lab‐scale ESR‐plant. The investigated parameters comprise a variation of the slag compositions and the use of a protective nitrogen atmosphere. Variations of the slag composition include slags with different contents of CaF2, CaO, and Al2O3 as well as a variation of the SiO2‐content in the slag. The remelted ingots are forged and analyzed regarding their chemical composition. The distribution and composition of the non‐metallic inclusions (NMI) is studied by an automated SEM‐EDX method. Additionally, the chemical composition of the slag after remelting is analyzed. The results show clearly an equilibrium reaction between Si and Al in the steel with SiO2 and Al2O3 in the slag as well as the effect of oxygen in open ESR operation. A protective atmosphere reduces the Si‐losses during remelting, but has no major effect on the number or composition of NMI compared to open remelting. The content of NMI, especially the larger ones, is reduced significantly in all remelting experiments. The majority of the NMI are MA‐spinel type except for the CaO‐free slag, where alumina inclusions prevail. In general, remelting leads to an almost complete removal of sulfides, a reduction of oxisulfides, and a slight increase of oxides.
The effect of slag compositions and a protective atmosphere on chemical reactions and the composition and quantity of non‐metallic inclusion (NMI) during electro‐slag remelting of a hot‐work tool steel are investigated. Variation in the SiO2‐ and CaO‐content effect Si‐ and Al‐contents, change the type of NMI and reduce especially larger inclusions. A protective atmosphere reduces oxygen pick up and desulphurization. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/srin.201800161 |
| format | Article |
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The effect of slag compositions and a protective atmosphere on chemical reactions and the composition and quantity of non‐metallic inclusion (NMI) during electro‐slag remelting of a hot‐work tool steel are investigated. Variation in the SiO2‐ and CaO‐content effect Si‐ and Al‐contents, change the type of NMI and reduce especially larger inclusions. A protective atmosphere reduces oxygen pick up and desulphurization.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1611-3683</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1869-344X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/srin.201800161</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Weinheim: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Aluminum oxide ; Chemical composition ; Chemical reactions ; Composition effects ; Controlled atmospheres ; electro‐slag remelting ; Inclusions ; Melting ; Melts ; non‐metallic inclusions ; Organic chemistry ; Silicon dioxide ; Slag ; slag composition ; Tool steels</subject><ispartof>Steel research international, 2018-10, Vol.89 (10), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2018 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</rights><rights>2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4231-c5edae157891cc308b3fb22b34545842a18903bbd02f0b0d4ff3a6638d62824f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4231-c5edae157891cc308b3fb22b34545842a18903bbd02f0b0d4ff3a6638d62824f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fsrin.201800161$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fsrin.201800161$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Reinhold S.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molnar, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gelder, Siegfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiter, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez, Carlos</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of the Slag Composition and a Protective Atmosphere on Chemical Reactions and Non‐Metallic Inclusions during Electro‐Slag Remelting of a Hot‐Work Tool Steel</title><title>Steel research international</title><description>The remelting behavior of the hot‐work tool steel X37CrMoV5‐1 is investigated with several experimental melts on a lab‐scale ESR‐plant. The investigated parameters comprise a variation of the slag compositions and the use of a protective nitrogen atmosphere. Variations of the slag composition include slags with different contents of CaF2, CaO, and Al2O3 as well as a variation of the SiO2‐content in the slag. The remelted ingots are forged and analyzed regarding their chemical composition. The distribution and composition of the non‐metallic inclusions (NMI) is studied by an automated SEM‐EDX method. Additionally, the chemical composition of the slag after remelting is analyzed. The results show clearly an equilibrium reaction between Si and Al in the steel with SiO2 and Al2O3 in the slag as well as the effect of oxygen in open ESR operation. A protective atmosphere reduces the Si‐losses during remelting, but has no major effect on the number or composition of NMI compared to open remelting. The content of NMI, especially the larger ones, is reduced significantly in all remelting experiments. The majority of the NMI are MA‐spinel type except for the CaO‐free slag, where alumina inclusions prevail. In general, remelting leads to an almost complete removal of sulfides, a reduction of oxisulfides, and a slight increase of oxides.
The effect of slag compositions and a protective atmosphere on chemical reactions and the composition and quantity of non‐metallic inclusion (NMI) during electro‐slag remelting of a hot‐work tool steel are investigated. Variation in the SiO2‐ and CaO‐content effect Si‐ and Al‐contents, change the type of NMI and reduce especially larger inclusions. A protective atmosphere reduces oxygen pick up and desulphurization.</description><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Composition effects</subject><subject>Controlled atmospheres</subject><subject>electro‐slag remelting</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Melting</subject><subject>Melts</subject><subject>non‐metallic inclusions</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Silicon dioxide</subject><subject>Slag</subject><subject>slag composition</subject><subject>Tool steels</subject><issn>1611-3683</issn><issn>1869-344X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1OAjEUhSdGEwm6dd3E9WD_GMuSEBQS_AlodDfpdG5hsDPFtmjc-Qi-hq_lk1jA6NK76U3O-e696UmSE4I7BGN65l3VdCgmAmOSkb2kRUTWSxnnj_uxzwhJWSbYYXLs_RLHYkJk57yVfA61BhWQ1SgsAM2MnKOBrVfWV6GyDZJNiSS6dTZEV_UCqB9q61cLcICiPFhAXSlp0BSk2gB-S1zb5uv94wqCNKZSaNwos_ZbtVzHQ-doaOI4Z6Npu3EKNZiwEeIdEo1siMqDdU_ozlqDZgHAHCUHWhoPxz9vO7m_GN4NRunk5nI86E9SxSkjqepCKYF0z0WPKMWwKJguKC0Y7_Ku4FQS0cOsKEpMNS5wybVmMsuYKDMqKNesnZzu5q6cfV6DD_nSrl0TV-aUEB6_lQoWXZ2dSznrvQOdr1xVS_eWE5xvEsk3ieS_iUSgtwNeKwNv_7jz2XR8_cd-A5pDlG4</recordid><startdate>201810</startdate><enddate>201810</enddate><creator>Schneider, Reinhold S.E.</creator><creator>Molnar, Manuel</creator><creator>Gelder, Siegfried</creator><creator>Reiter, Gerhard</creator><creator>Martinez, Carlos</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201810</creationdate><title>Effect of the Slag Composition and a Protective Atmosphere on Chemical Reactions and Non‐Metallic Inclusions during Electro‐Slag Remelting of a Hot‐Work Tool Steel</title><author>Schneider, Reinhold S.E. ; Molnar, Manuel ; Gelder, Siegfried ; Reiter, Gerhard ; Martinez, Carlos</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4231-c5edae157891cc308b3fb22b34545842a18903bbd02f0b0d4ff3a6638d62824f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Aluminum oxide</topic><topic>Chemical composition</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Composition effects</topic><topic>Controlled atmospheres</topic><topic>electro‐slag remelting</topic><topic>Inclusions</topic><topic>Melting</topic><topic>Melts</topic><topic>non‐metallic inclusions</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Silicon dioxide</topic><topic>Slag</topic><topic>slag composition</topic><topic>Tool steels</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Reinhold S.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molnar, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gelder, Siegfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiter, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez, Carlos</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Steel research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schneider, Reinhold S.E.</au><au>Molnar, Manuel</au><au>Gelder, Siegfried</au><au>Reiter, Gerhard</au><au>Martinez, Carlos</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of the Slag Composition and a Protective Atmosphere on Chemical Reactions and Non‐Metallic Inclusions during Electro‐Slag Remelting of a Hot‐Work Tool Steel</atitle><jtitle>Steel research international</jtitle><date>2018-10</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>10</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>1611-3683</issn><eissn>1869-344X</eissn><abstract>The remelting behavior of the hot‐work tool steel X37CrMoV5‐1 is investigated with several experimental melts on a lab‐scale ESR‐plant. The investigated parameters comprise a variation of the slag compositions and the use of a protective nitrogen atmosphere. Variations of the slag composition include slags with different contents of CaF2, CaO, and Al2O3 as well as a variation of the SiO2‐content in the slag. The remelted ingots are forged and analyzed regarding their chemical composition. The distribution and composition of the non‐metallic inclusions (NMI) is studied by an automated SEM‐EDX method. Additionally, the chemical composition of the slag after remelting is analyzed. The results show clearly an equilibrium reaction between Si and Al in the steel with SiO2 and Al2O3 in the slag as well as the effect of oxygen in open ESR operation. A protective atmosphere reduces the Si‐losses during remelting, but has no major effect on the number or composition of NMI compared to open remelting. The content of NMI, especially the larger ones, is reduced significantly in all remelting experiments. The majority of the NMI are MA‐spinel type except for the CaO‐free slag, where alumina inclusions prevail. In general, remelting leads to an almost complete removal of sulfides, a reduction of oxisulfides, and a slight increase of oxides.
The effect of slag compositions and a protective atmosphere on chemical reactions and the composition and quantity of non‐metallic inclusion (NMI) during electro‐slag remelting of a hot‐work tool steel are investigated. Variation in the SiO2‐ and CaO‐content effect Si‐ and Al‐contents, change the type of NMI and reduce especially larger inclusions. A protective atmosphere reduces oxygen pick up and desulphurization.</abstract><cop>Weinheim</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/srin.201800161</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aluminum oxide Chemical composition Chemical reactions Composition effects Controlled atmospheres electro‐slag remelting Inclusions Melting Melts non‐metallic inclusions Organic chemistry Silicon dioxide Slag slag composition Tool steels |
| title | Effect of the Slag Composition and a Protective Atmosphere on Chemical Reactions and Non‐Metallic Inclusions during Electro‐Slag Remelting of a Hot‐Work Tool Steel |
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