Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment
The peanut (Arachys hypogaea) is a plant of the Fabaceae family (legumes), as are chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas. It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as well as for the production of biscuits, breads, sweets, cerea...
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description | The peanut (Arachys hypogaea) is a plant of the Fabaceae family (legumes), as are chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas. It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as well as for the production of biscuits, breads, sweets, cereals, and salads. Also, due to its high percentage of fat, peanuts are used for industrialized products such as oils, flours, inks, creams, lipsticks, etc. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistical yearbook in 2016, the production of peanuts was 43,982,066 t, produced in 27,660,802 hectares. Peanuts are grown mainly in Asia, with a global production rate of 65.3%, followed by Africa with 26.2%, the Americas with 8.4%, and Oceania with 0.1%. The peanut industry is one of the main generators of agroindustrial waste (shells). This residual biomass (25–30% of the total weight) has a high energy content that is worth exploring. The main objectives of this study are, firstly, to evaluate the energy parameters of peanut shells as a possible solid biofuel applied as an energy source in residential and industrial heating installations. Secondly, different models are analysed to estimate the higher heating value (HHV) for biomass proposed by different scientists and to determine which most accurately fits the determination of this value for peanut shells. Thirdly, we evaluate the reduction in global CO2 emissions that would result from the use of peanut shells as biofuel. The obtained HHV of peanut shells (18.547 MJ/kg) is higher than other biomass sources evaluated, such as olive stones (17.884 MJ/kg) or almond shells (18.200 MJ/kg), and similar to other sources of biomass used at present for home and industrial heating applications. Different prediction models of the HHV value proposed by scientists for different types of biomass have been analysed and the one that best fits the calculation for the peanut shell has been determined. The CO2 reduction that would result from the use of peanut shells as an energy source has been evaluated in all production countries, obtaining values above 0.5 ‰ of their total emissions. |
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It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as well as for the production of biscuits, breads, sweets, cereals, and salads. Also, due to its high percentage of fat, peanuts are used for industrialized products such as oils, flours, inks, creams, lipsticks, etc. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistical yearbook in 2016, the production of peanuts was 43,982,066 t, produced in 27,660,802 hectares. Peanuts are grown mainly in Asia, with a global production rate of 65.3%, followed by Africa with 26.2%, the Americas with 8.4%, and Oceania with 0.1%. The peanut industry is one of the main generators of agroindustrial waste (shells). This residual biomass (25–30% of the total weight) has a high energy content that is worth exploring. The main objectives of this study are, firstly, to evaluate the energy parameters of peanut shells as a possible solid biofuel applied as an energy source in residential and industrial heating installations. Secondly, different models are analysed to estimate the higher heating value (HHV) for biomass proposed by different scientists and to determine which most accurately fits the determination of this value for peanut shells. Thirdly, we evaluate the reduction in global CO2 emissions that would result from the use of peanut shells as biofuel. The obtained HHV of peanut shells (18.547 MJ/kg) is higher than other biomass sources evaluated, such as olive stones (17.884 MJ/kg) or almond shells (18.200 MJ/kg), and similar to other sources of biomass used at present for home and industrial heating applications. Different prediction models of the HHV value proposed by scientists for different types of biomass have been analysed and the one that best fits the calculation for the peanut shell has been determined. The CO2 reduction that would result from the use of peanut shells as an energy source has been evaluated in all production countries, obtaining values above 0.5 ‰ of their total emissions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su10093254</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural wastes ; Beans ; Biodiesel fuels ; Biofuels ; Biomass ; Biscuits ; Calorific value ; Carbon dioxide ; Cereals ; Chickpeas ; Confectionery ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy sources ; Inks ; Legumes ; Lentils ; Nuts ; Peanuts ; Peas ; Prediction models ; Residential energy ; Salads ; Scientists ; Shells ; Sustainability</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2018-09, Vol.10 (9), p.3254</ispartof><rights>2018. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-ca1914eb0ff3fedab2ab804078a8162b8a5c109b22b4977883c9b4448065335a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-ca1914eb0ff3fedab2ab804078a8162b8a5c109b22b4977883c9b4448065335a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3196-7033</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Perea-Moreno, Miguel-Angel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manzano-Agugliaro, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez-Escobedo, Quetzalcoatl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus</creatorcontrib><title>Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment</title><title>Sustainability</title><description>The peanut (Arachys hypogaea) is a plant of the Fabaceae family (legumes), as are chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas. It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as well as for the production of biscuits, breads, sweets, cereals, and salads. Also, due to its high percentage of fat, peanuts are used for industrialized products such as oils, flours, inks, creams, lipsticks, etc. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistical yearbook in 2016, the production of peanuts was 43,982,066 t, produced in 27,660,802 hectares. Peanuts are grown mainly in Asia, with a global production rate of 65.3%, followed by Africa with 26.2%, the Americas with 8.4%, and Oceania with 0.1%. The peanut industry is one of the main generators of agroindustrial waste (shells). This residual biomass (25–30% of the total weight) has a high energy content that is worth exploring. The main objectives of this study are, firstly, to evaluate the energy parameters of peanut shells as a possible solid biofuel applied as an energy source in residential and industrial heating installations. Secondly, different models are analysed to estimate the higher heating value (HHV) for biomass proposed by different scientists and to determine which most accurately fits the determination of this value for peanut shells. Thirdly, we evaluate the reduction in global CO2 emissions that would result from the use of peanut shells as biofuel. The obtained HHV of peanut shells (18.547 MJ/kg) is higher than other biomass sources evaluated, such as olive stones (17.884 MJ/kg) or almond shells (18.200 MJ/kg), and similar to other sources of biomass used at present for home and industrial heating applications. Different prediction models of the HHV value proposed by scientists for different types of biomass have been analysed and the one that best fits the calculation for the peanut shell has been determined. The CO2 reduction that would result from the use of peanut shells as an energy source has been evaluated in all production countries, obtaining values above 0.5 ‰ of their total emissions.</description><subject>Agricultural wastes</subject><subject>Beans</subject><subject>Biodiesel fuels</subject><subject>Biofuels</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biscuits</subject><subject>Calorific value</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Chickpeas</subject><subject>Confectionery</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy sources</subject><subject>Inks</subject><subject>Legumes</subject><subject>Lentils</subject><subject>Nuts</subject><subject>Peanuts</subject><subject>Peas</subject><subject>Prediction models</subject><subject>Residential energy</subject><subject>Salads</subject><subject>Scientists</subject><subject>Shells</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkFtLw0AQhRdRsLR98Rcs-CZEZy9Jdn2TUrVQaPDyHHbTiU1Js3F3I_TfG6mg83IGzjdz4BByxeBWCA13YWAAWvBUnpEJh5wlDFI4_7dfknkIexhHCKZZNiFFgaYbIn3dYdvS2nm67NB_HO9p4V2PPjYYqOm2dBUDLVzELjampdHRFww9VpHGHY43X4133WF0Z-SiNm3A-a9Oyfvj8m3xnKw3T6vFwzqpuE5jUpkxX6KFuhY1bo3lxiqQkCujWMatMmnFQFvOrdR5rpSotJVSKshSIVIjpuT69Lf37nPAEMu9G3w3RpacgcozkeVypG5OVOVdCB7rsvfNwfhjyaD8Ka38K018AyuJXXc</recordid><startdate>20180912</startdate><enddate>20180912</enddate><creator>Perea-Moreno, Miguel-Angel</creator><creator>Manzano-Agugliaro, Francisco</creator><creator>Hernandez-Escobedo, Quetzalcoatl</creator><creator>Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-7033</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180912</creationdate><title>Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment</title><author>Perea-Moreno, Miguel-Angel ; Manzano-Agugliaro, Francisco ; Hernandez-Escobedo, Quetzalcoatl ; Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-ca1914eb0ff3fedab2ab804078a8162b8a5c109b22b4977883c9b4448065335a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Agricultural wastes</topic><topic>Beans</topic><topic>Biodiesel fuels</topic><topic>Biofuels</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Biscuits</topic><topic>Calorific value</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Cereals</topic><topic>Chickpeas</topic><topic>Confectionery</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Energy sources</topic><topic>Inks</topic><topic>Legumes</topic><topic>Lentils</topic><topic>Nuts</topic><topic>Peanuts</topic><topic>Peas</topic><topic>Prediction models</topic><topic>Residential energy</topic><topic>Salads</topic><topic>Scientists</topic><topic>Shells</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Perea-Moreno, Miguel-Angel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manzano-Agugliaro, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez-Escobedo, Quetzalcoatl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Perea-Moreno, Miguel-Angel</au><au>Manzano-Agugliaro, Francisco</au><au>Hernandez-Escobedo, Quetzalcoatl</au><au>Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2018-09-12</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>3254</spage><pages>3254-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>The peanut (Arachys hypogaea) is a plant of the Fabaceae family (legumes), as are chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas. It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as well as for the production of biscuits, breads, sweets, cereals, and salads. Also, due to its high percentage of fat, peanuts are used for industrialized products such as oils, flours, inks, creams, lipsticks, etc. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistical yearbook in 2016, the production of peanuts was 43,982,066 t, produced in 27,660,802 hectares. Peanuts are grown mainly in Asia, with a global production rate of 65.3%, followed by Africa with 26.2%, the Americas with 8.4%, and Oceania with 0.1%. The peanut industry is one of the main generators of agroindustrial waste (shells). This residual biomass (25–30% of the total weight) has a high energy content that is worth exploring. The main objectives of this study are, firstly, to evaluate the energy parameters of peanut shells as a possible solid biofuel applied as an energy source in residential and industrial heating installations. Secondly, different models are analysed to estimate the higher heating value (HHV) for biomass proposed by different scientists and to determine which most accurately fits the determination of this value for peanut shells. Thirdly, we evaluate the reduction in global CO2 emissions that would result from the use of peanut shells as biofuel. The obtained HHV of peanut shells (18.547 MJ/kg) is higher than other biomass sources evaluated, such as olive stones (17.884 MJ/kg) or almond shells (18.200 MJ/kg), and similar to other sources of biomass used at present for home and industrial heating applications. Different prediction models of the HHV value proposed by scientists for different types of biomass have been analysed and the one that best fits the calculation for the peanut shell has been determined. The CO2 reduction that would result from the use of peanut shells as an energy source has been evaluated in all production countries, obtaining values above 0.5 ‰ of their total emissions.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su10093254</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-7033</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agricultural wastes Beans Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Biomass Biscuits Calorific value Carbon dioxide Cereals Chickpeas Confectionery Emissions Energy Energy sources Inks Legumes Lentils Nuts Peanuts Peas Prediction models Residential energy Salads Scientists Shells Sustainability |
title | Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment |
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