Regional Variability of Agriculturally-Derived Nitrate-Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater in China, 2004–2014
Increasing diffuse nitrate loading of groundwater has long been a major environmental and health concern in China, but little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate concentrations in groundwater at regional scales. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2018-05, Vol.10 (5), p.1393 |
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| creator | Li, Jing He, Zhibin Du, Jun Zhao, Liwen Chen, Longfei Zhu, Xi Lin, Pengfei Fang, Shu Zhao, Minmin Tian, Quanyan |
| description | Increasing diffuse nitrate loading of groundwater has long been a major environmental and health concern in China, but little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate concentrations in groundwater at regional scales. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution and variation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations in groundwater. We used groundwater quality monitoring data and soil physical characteristics from 21 agro-ecosystems in China for years 2004 to 2014. The results indicated that NO3−-N concentrations were highly variable in shallow groundwater across the landscape. Over the study period, most of the NO3−-N concentrations were below the World Health Organization permissible limit for drinking water ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su10051393 |
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The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution and variation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations in groundwater. We used groundwater quality monitoring data and soil physical characteristics from 21 agro-ecosystems in China for years 2004 to 2014. The results indicated that NO3−-N concentrations were highly variable in shallow groundwater across the landscape. Over the study period, most of the NO3−-N concentrations were below the World Health Organization permissible limit for drinking water (<10 mg N·L). NO3−-N concentrations in groundwater neither significantly increased nor decreased in most agro-ecosystems, but fluctuated with seasons. In addition, groundwater NO3−-N under purple soil (6.81 mg·L−1) and Aeolian sandy soil (6.02 mg·L−1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that under other soil types, and it was medium-high (4.49 mg·L−1) under aquic cinnamon soil. Elevated nitrate concentrations occurred mainly in oasis agricultural areas of northwestern China, where farmlands with coarse-textured soils use flood irrigation. Therefore, arid and semi-arid areas are expected to sustain high NO3−-N concentrations in groundwater. Mitigation strategies can prevent this problem, and include control of N fertilizer input, balanced fertilization, proper rotation system, adoption of improved irrigation methods, and establishment of environmental policies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su10051393</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural ecosystems ; Agricultural land ; Drinking water ; Ecological monitoring ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental policy ; Fertilization ; Fertilizers ; Flood irrigation ; Groundwater ; Groundwater quality ; Hydrologic data ; Irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Landscape ; Mitigation ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen ; Physical characteristics ; Physical properties ; Sandy soils ; Soil types ; Spatial distribution ; Sustainability ; Variability ; Water quality</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2018-05, Vol.10 (5), p.1393</ispartof><rights>2018. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-696efaae15d1031fd15b2cf911761bf153e67951c96a983dcb88ed30932688c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-696efaae15d1031fd15b2cf911761bf153e67951c96a983dcb88ed30932688c03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Zhibin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Liwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Xi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Pengfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Shu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Minmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Quanyan</creatorcontrib><title>Regional Variability of Agriculturally-Derived Nitrate-Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater in China, 2004–2014</title><title>Sustainability</title><description>Increasing diffuse nitrate loading of groundwater has long been a major environmental and health concern in China, but little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate concentrations in groundwater at regional scales. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution and variation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations in groundwater. We used groundwater quality monitoring data and soil physical characteristics from 21 agro-ecosystems in China for years 2004 to 2014. The results indicated that NO3−-N concentrations were highly variable in shallow groundwater across the landscape. Over the study period, most of the NO3−-N concentrations were below the World Health Organization permissible limit for drinking water (<10 mg N·L). NO3−-N concentrations in groundwater neither significantly increased nor decreased in most agro-ecosystems, but fluctuated with seasons. In addition, groundwater NO3−-N under purple soil (6.81 mg·L−1) and Aeolian sandy soil (6.02 mg·L−1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that under other soil types, and it was medium-high (4.49 mg·L−1) under aquic cinnamon soil. Elevated nitrate concentrations occurred mainly in oasis agricultural areas of northwestern China, where farmlands with coarse-textured soils use flood irrigation. Therefore, arid and semi-arid areas are expected to sustain high NO3−-N concentrations in groundwater. Mitigation strategies can prevent this problem, and include control of N fertilizer input, balanced fertilization, proper rotation system, adoption of improved irrigation methods, and establishment of environmental policies.</description><subject>Agricultural ecosystems</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Ecological monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental policy</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Flood irrigation</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater quality</subject><subject>Hydrologic data</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Irrigation systems</subject><subject>Landscape</subject><subject>Mitigation</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Physical characteristics</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Sandy soils</subject><subject>Soil types</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkN1Kw0AQhRdRsFRvfIIF78ToTKab7F6WqlUoCv7dhk2yabfEbN1NLL3zHXxDn8SUCjo3Z5j5OHAOYycIF0QKLkOHAAJJ0R4bxJBihCBg_99-yI5DWEI_RKgwGbD60cyta3TNX7W3Ore1bTfcVXw897bo6rbzuq430ZXx9sOU_N62Xrcm2qqbm4bbhj8tesSt-dS7rinX_dtvz5OFbfQ5jwFG359fMeDoiB1Uug7m-FeH7OXm-nlyG80epneT8SwqYiXaKFGJqbQ2KEoEwqpEkcdFpRDTBPMKBZkkVQILlWglqSxyKU1JoChOpCyAhux057vy7r0zoc2WrvN9yJDFCDIlSSB76mxHFd6F4E2Vrbx9036TIWTbQrO_QukH2j1now</recordid><startdate>20180502</startdate><enddate>20180502</enddate><creator>Li, Jing</creator><creator>He, Zhibin</creator><creator>Du, Jun</creator><creator>Zhao, Liwen</creator><creator>Chen, Longfei</creator><creator>Zhu, Xi</creator><creator>Lin, Pengfei</creator><creator>Fang, Shu</creator><creator>Zhao, Minmin</creator><creator>Tian, Quanyan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180502</creationdate><title>Regional Variability of Agriculturally-Derived Nitrate-Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater in China, 2004–2014</title><author>Li, Jing ; He, Zhibin ; Du, Jun ; Zhao, Liwen ; Chen, Longfei ; Zhu, Xi ; Lin, Pengfei ; Fang, Shu ; Zhao, Minmin ; Tian, Quanyan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-696efaae15d1031fd15b2cf911761bf153e67951c96a983dcb88ed30932688c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Agricultural ecosystems</topic><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Ecological monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental policy</topic><topic>Fertilization</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Flood irrigation</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater quality</topic><topic>Hydrologic data</topic><topic>Irrigation</topic><topic>Irrigation systems</topic><topic>Landscape</topic><topic>Mitigation</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Physical characteristics</topic><topic>Physical properties</topic><topic>Sandy soils</topic><topic>Soil types</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Variability</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Zhibin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Liwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Xi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Pengfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Shu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Minmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Quanyan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Jing</au><au>He, Zhibin</au><au>Du, Jun</au><au>Zhao, Liwen</au><au>Chen, Longfei</au><au>Zhu, Xi</au><au>Lin, Pengfei</au><au>Fang, Shu</au><au>Zhao, Minmin</au><au>Tian, Quanyan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Regional Variability of Agriculturally-Derived Nitrate-Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater in China, 2004–2014</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2018-05-02</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1393</spage><pages>1393-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>Increasing diffuse nitrate loading of groundwater has long been a major environmental and health concern in China, but little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate concentrations in groundwater at regional scales. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution and variation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations in groundwater. We used groundwater quality monitoring data and soil physical characteristics from 21 agro-ecosystems in China for years 2004 to 2014. The results indicated that NO3−-N concentrations were highly variable in shallow groundwater across the landscape. Over the study period, most of the NO3−-N concentrations were below the World Health Organization permissible limit for drinking water (<10 mg N·L). NO3−-N concentrations in groundwater neither significantly increased nor decreased in most agro-ecosystems, but fluctuated with seasons. In addition, groundwater NO3−-N under purple soil (6.81 mg·L−1) and Aeolian sandy soil (6.02 mg·L−1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that under other soil types, and it was medium-high (4.49 mg·L−1) under aquic cinnamon soil. Elevated nitrate concentrations occurred mainly in oasis agricultural areas of northwestern China, where farmlands with coarse-textured soils use flood irrigation. Therefore, arid and semi-arid areas are expected to sustain high NO3−-N concentrations in groundwater. Mitigation strategies can prevent this problem, and include control of N fertilizer input, balanced fertilization, proper rotation system, adoption of improved irrigation methods, and establishment of environmental policies.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su10051393</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Agricultural ecosystems Agricultural land Drinking water Ecological monitoring Environmental monitoring Environmental policy Fertilization Fertilizers Flood irrigation Groundwater Groundwater quality Hydrologic data Irrigation Irrigation systems Landscape Mitigation Nitrates Nitrogen Physical characteristics Physical properties Sandy soils Soil types Spatial distribution Sustainability Variability Water quality |
| title | Regional Variability of Agriculturally-Derived Nitrate-Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater in China, 2004–2014 |
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