Evidence for the Role of Subterranean Termites (Reticulitermes spp.) in Temperate Forest Soil Nutrient Cycling
Termites are ecosystem engineers in tropical systems, constructing visible biogenic structures (mounds) that influence soil characteristics, decomposition, nutrient cycling, vegetative growth, and biodiversity. Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.) likely influence nutrient cycling within thei...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecosystems (New York) 2019-04, Vol.22 (3), p.602-618 |
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| description | Termites are ecosystem engineers in tropical systems, constructing visible biogenic structures (mounds) that influence soil characteristics, decomposition, nutrient cycling, vegetative growth, and biodiversity. Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.) likely influence nutrient cycling within their endemic range in the temperate Holarctic through the translocation of elements from wood to soil by lining their below-ground biogenic structures with frass (feces). We designed a study to ‘follow the frass’ by comparing concentrations of 18 elements (Al, B, Ba, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Si, Sr, and Zn) in substrates—food before and after digestion (wood and frass), as well as soil with and without direct termite manipulation (shelter tubes and soil core samples)—associated with 18 subterranean termite colonies. Fourteen elements were more concentrated in frass than wood, and only Cr and Fe were lower in frass. The shelter tube-to-soil contrasts indicate that termites decrease levels of Al, Ba, Co, and Cr while increasing C and Ca in soil. Therefore, Reticulitermes likely modulate element flows by returning organic C and base cations to weathered, acidic Ultisols of southeastern US forests. Research on the ecological role of subterranean termites outside of the built environment is showing the scale of impact these cryptic superorganism ecosystem engineers can have on temperate forest functions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10021-018-0291-8 |
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Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.) likely influence nutrient cycling within their endemic range in the temperate Holarctic through the translocation of elements from wood to soil by lining their below-ground biogenic structures with frass (feces). We designed a study to ‘follow the frass’ by comparing concentrations of 18 elements (Al, B, Ba, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Si, Sr, and Zn) in substrates—food before and after digestion (wood and frass), as well as soil with and without direct termite manipulation (shelter tubes and soil core samples)—associated with 18 subterranean termite colonies. Fourteen elements were more concentrated in frass than wood, and only Cr and Fe were lower in frass. The shelter tube-to-soil contrasts indicate that termites decrease levels of Al, Ba, Co, and Cr while increasing C and Ca in soil. Therefore, Reticulitermes likely modulate element flows by returning organic C and base cations to weathered, acidic Ultisols of southeastern US forests. Research on the ecological role of subterranean termites outside of the built environment is showing the scale of impact these cryptic superorganism ecosystem engineers can have on temperate forest functions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1432-9840</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1435-0629</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0291-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer Science + Business Media</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Biodiversity ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Built environment ; Calcium ; Cations ; Chromium ; Copper ; Cycles ; Ecology ; Engineers ; Environmental Management ; Forest soils ; Forests ; Geoecology/Natural Processes ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Iron ; Isoptera ; Life Sciences ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mounds ; Nutrient cycles ; Original Articles ; Plant Sciences ; Reticulitermes ; Shelters ; Silicon substrates ; Soil characteristics ; Soil nutrients ; Temperate forests ; Termites ; Translocation ; Tubes ; Urban environments ; Wood ; Zinc ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Ecosystems (New York), 2019-04, Vol.22 (3), p.602-618</ispartof><rights>2018 The Author(s)</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2018</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Springer</rights><rights>Ecosystems is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved. © 2018. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.) likely influence nutrient cycling within their endemic range in the temperate Holarctic through the translocation of elements from wood to soil by lining their below-ground biogenic structures with frass (feces). We designed a study to ‘follow the frass’ by comparing concentrations of 18 elements (Al, B, Ba, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Si, Sr, and Zn) in substrates—food before and after digestion (wood and frass), as well as soil with and without direct termite manipulation (shelter tubes and soil core samples)—associated with 18 subterranean termite colonies. Fourteen elements were more concentrated in frass than wood, and only Cr and Fe were lower in frass. The shelter tube-to-soil contrasts indicate that termites decrease levels of Al, Ba, Co, and Cr while increasing C and Ca in soil. Therefore, Reticulitermes likely modulate element flows by returning organic C and base cations to weathered, acidic Ultisols of southeastern US forests. 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Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.) likely influence nutrient cycling within their endemic range in the temperate Holarctic through the translocation of elements from wood to soil by lining their below-ground biogenic structures with frass (feces). We designed a study to ‘follow the frass’ by comparing concentrations of 18 elements (Al, B, Ba, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Si, Sr, and Zn) in substrates—food before and after digestion (wood and frass), as well as soil with and without direct termite manipulation (shelter tubes and soil core samples)—associated with 18 subterranean termite colonies. Fourteen elements were more concentrated in frass than wood, and only Cr and Fe were lower in frass. The shelter tube-to-soil contrasts indicate that termites decrease levels of Al, Ba, Co, and Cr while increasing C and Ca in soil. Therefore, Reticulitermes likely modulate element flows by returning organic C and base cations to weathered, acidic Ultisols of southeastern US forests. Research on the ecological role of subterranean termites outside of the built environment is showing the scale of impact these cryptic superorganism ecosystem engineers can have on temperate forest functions.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer Science + Business Media</pub><doi>10.1007/s10021-018-0291-8</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aluminum Biodiversity Biomedical and Life Sciences Built environment Calcium Cations Chromium Copper Cycles Ecology Engineers Environmental Management Forest soils Forests Geoecology/Natural Processes Hydrology/Water Resources Iron Isoptera Life Sciences Magnesium Manganese Mounds Nutrient cycles Original Articles Plant Sciences Reticulitermes Shelters Silicon substrates Soil characteristics Soil nutrients Temperate forests Termites Translocation Tubes Urban environments Wood Zinc Zoology |
| title | Evidence for the Role of Subterranean Termites (Reticulitermes spp.) in Temperate Forest Soil Nutrient Cycling |
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