Experimental study on the fuel requirements for the thermal degradation of bodies by means of open pyre cremation
The results of a systematic study of open pyre cremation of bodies is reported here with the aim of providing quantitative information on the mechanisms controlling the cremation process and the relationship between the characteristics of a fire and the level of consumption of a body. Systematically...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fire safety journal 2018-06, Vol.98, p.63-73 |
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| creator | Yermán, Luis Wall, Harrison Carrascal, Jerónimo Browning, Aidon Chandraratne, Devduni Nguyen, Christina Wong, Andy Goode, Tristan Kyriacou, Daniel Campbell, Margaret Cao, Julian Do, Tam Casimiro-Soriguer, Diana Lucherini, Andrea Zárate, Sergio Wyn, Hons K. Bolanos, Aaron Solarte, Angela Górska, Carmen Le, Ba-Dinh Tran, Son Le, Quang Torero, José L. |
| description | The results of a systematic study of open pyre cremation of bodies is reported here with the aim of providing quantitative information on the mechanisms controlling the cremation process and the relationship between the characteristics of a fire and the level of consumption of a body. Systematically constructed timber pyres and recently euthanized pig carcasses (as surrogates for human bodies) were used to establish the importance of fuel quantity, methodology of fuel application, body size and body arrangement. The results indicate that a fuel/body mass ratio greater than 9 is necessary to overcome the endothermic effect of the body on the pyre. Even with a fuel/body mass ratio of 9 and ideal burning conditions full destruction of all organic matter could not be attained.
•The characteristics of a wood pyre that can fully consume a body were studied.•Systematically constructed pyres and pig carcasses, as human surrogate, were used.•Ideally, a ratio dry wood/body of 5 is necessary to achieve complete destruction.•In practice, a ratio higher than 9 is necessary to achieve complete destruction. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.04.007 |
| format | Article |
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•The characteristics of a wood pyre that can fully consume a body were studied.•Systematically constructed pyres and pig carcasses, as human surrogate, were used.•Ideally, a ratio dry wood/body of 5 is necessary to achieve complete destruction.•In practice, a ratio higher than 9 is necessary to achieve complete destruction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0379-7112</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7226</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.04.007</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lausanne: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Body mass ; Body size ; Burning ; Carcasses ; Cremation ; Cremation of bodies ; Dentures ; Forensic sciences ; Fuels ; Incineration ; Organic matter ; Self-sustained burning ; Thermal degradation ; Timber construction</subject><ispartof>Fire safety journal, 2018-06, Vol.98, p.63-73</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c337t-3371b6c972d2ec0e491cf30130b877fcec64aaab3c7d4beb688d60082a6a49bd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c337t-3371b6c972d2ec0e491cf30130b877fcec64aaab3c7d4beb688d60082a6a49bd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1096-9291 ; 0000-0002-5325-2020 ; 0000-0001-5405-0984 ; 0000-0001-8738-1018 ; 0000-0003-3616-3840 ; 0000-0003-2212-7283</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711218300766$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yermán, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wall, Harrison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrascal, Jerónimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Browning, Aidon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandraratne, Devduni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Andy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goode, Tristan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kyriacou, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Do, Tam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casimiro-Soriguer, Diana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucherini, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zárate, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyn, Hons K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolanos, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solarte, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Górska, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le, Ba-Dinh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Son</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le, Quang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torero, José L.</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental study on the fuel requirements for the thermal degradation of bodies by means of open pyre cremation</title><title>Fire safety journal</title><description>The results of a systematic study of open pyre cremation of bodies is reported here with the aim of providing quantitative information on the mechanisms controlling the cremation process and the relationship between the characteristics of a fire and the level of consumption of a body. Systematically constructed timber pyres and recently euthanized pig carcasses (as surrogates for human bodies) were used to establish the importance of fuel quantity, methodology of fuel application, body size and body arrangement. The results indicate that a fuel/body mass ratio greater than 9 is necessary to overcome the endothermic effect of the body on the pyre. Even with a fuel/body mass ratio of 9 and ideal burning conditions full destruction of all organic matter could not be attained.
•The characteristics of a wood pyre that can fully consume a body were studied.•Systematically constructed pyres and pig carcasses, as human surrogate, were used.•Ideally, a ratio dry wood/body of 5 is necessary to achieve complete destruction.•In practice, a ratio higher than 9 is necessary to achieve complete destruction.</description><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Burning</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Cremation</subject><subject>Cremation of bodies</subject><subject>Dentures</subject><subject>Forensic sciences</subject><subject>Fuels</subject><subject>Incineration</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Self-sustained burning</subject><subject>Thermal degradation</subject><subject>Timber construction</subject><issn>0379-7112</issn><issn>1873-7226</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkF1LwzAUhoMoOKc_QQh43XrSdE17JTLmBwy80euQJifasjVd0or996ab914kgZznfUMeQm4ZpAxYcd-mtvEYlE0zYGUKeQogzsiClYInIsuKc7IALqpEMJZdkqsQWgAmAKoFOWx-evTNHrtB7WgYRjNR19HhC6kdcUc9HsZYPs8Dtc4fJ3H5fcQNfnpl1NDEhLO0dqbBQOuJ7lF1Yb5yPXa0nzxSHUuO5DW5sGoX8ObvXJKPp837-iXZvj2_rh-3ieZcDEncWF3oSmQmQw2YV0xbDoxDXQphNeoiV0rVXAuT11gXZWkKgDJThcqr2vAluTv19t4dRgyDbN3ou_ikzKCqIK9WPI_U6kRp70LwaGUfbSg_SQZytitb-WdXznYl5DLajbmHUw7jF74b9DLoBjuNJsJ6kMY1_zT8ArIhh-0</recordid><startdate>201806</startdate><enddate>201806</enddate><creator>Yermán, Luis</creator><creator>Wall, Harrison</creator><creator>Carrascal, Jerónimo</creator><creator>Browning, Aidon</creator><creator>Chandraratne, Devduni</creator><creator>Nguyen, Christina</creator><creator>Wong, Andy</creator><creator>Goode, Tristan</creator><creator>Kyriacou, Daniel</creator><creator>Campbell, Margaret</creator><creator>Cao, Julian</creator><creator>Do, Tam</creator><creator>Casimiro-Soriguer, Diana</creator><creator>Lucherini, Andrea</creator><creator>Zárate, Sergio</creator><creator>Wyn, Hons K.</creator><creator>Bolanos, Aaron</creator><creator>Solarte, Angela</creator><creator>Górska, Carmen</creator><creator>Le, Ba-Dinh</creator><creator>Tran, Son</creator><creator>Le, Quang</creator><creator>Torero, José L.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-9291</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5325-2020</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-0984</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-1018</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-3840</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-7283</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201806</creationdate><title>Experimental study on the fuel requirements for the thermal degradation of bodies by means of open pyre cremation</title><author>Yermán, Luis ; Wall, Harrison ; Carrascal, Jerónimo ; Browning, Aidon ; Chandraratne, Devduni ; Nguyen, Christina ; Wong, Andy ; Goode, Tristan ; Kyriacou, Daniel ; Campbell, Margaret ; Cao, Julian ; Do, Tam ; Casimiro-Soriguer, Diana ; Lucherini, Andrea ; Zárate, Sergio ; Wyn, Hons K. ; Bolanos, Aaron ; Solarte, Angela ; Górska, Carmen ; Le, Ba-Dinh ; Tran, Son ; Le, Quang ; Torero, José L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c337t-3371b6c972d2ec0e491cf30130b877fcec64aaab3c7d4beb688d60082a6a49bd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Burning</topic><topic>Carcasses</topic><topic>Cremation</topic><topic>Cremation of bodies</topic><topic>Dentures</topic><topic>Forensic sciences</topic><topic>Fuels</topic><topic>Incineration</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Self-sustained burning</topic><topic>Thermal degradation</topic><topic>Timber construction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yermán, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wall, Harrison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrascal, Jerónimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Browning, Aidon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandraratne, Devduni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Andy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goode, Tristan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kyriacou, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Do, Tam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casimiro-Soriguer, Diana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucherini, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zárate, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyn, Hons K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolanos, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solarte, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Górska, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le, Ba-Dinh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Son</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le, Quang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torero, José L.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Fire safety journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yermán, Luis</au><au>Wall, Harrison</au><au>Carrascal, Jerónimo</au><au>Browning, Aidon</au><au>Chandraratne, Devduni</au><au>Nguyen, Christina</au><au>Wong, Andy</au><au>Goode, Tristan</au><au>Kyriacou, Daniel</au><au>Campbell, Margaret</au><au>Cao, Julian</au><au>Do, Tam</au><au>Casimiro-Soriguer, Diana</au><au>Lucherini, Andrea</au><au>Zárate, Sergio</au><au>Wyn, Hons K.</au><au>Bolanos, Aaron</au><au>Solarte, Angela</au><au>Górska, Carmen</au><au>Le, Ba-Dinh</au><au>Tran, Son</au><au>Le, Quang</au><au>Torero, José L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Experimental study on the fuel requirements for the thermal degradation of bodies by means of open pyre cremation</atitle><jtitle>Fire safety journal</jtitle><date>2018-06</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>98</volume><spage>63</spage><epage>73</epage><pages>63-73</pages><issn>0379-7112</issn><eissn>1873-7226</eissn><abstract>The results of a systematic study of open pyre cremation of bodies is reported here with the aim of providing quantitative information on the mechanisms controlling the cremation process and the relationship between the characteristics of a fire and the level of consumption of a body. Systematically constructed timber pyres and recently euthanized pig carcasses (as surrogates for human bodies) were used to establish the importance of fuel quantity, methodology of fuel application, body size and body arrangement. The results indicate that a fuel/body mass ratio greater than 9 is necessary to overcome the endothermic effect of the body on the pyre. Even with a fuel/body mass ratio of 9 and ideal burning conditions full destruction of all organic matter could not be attained.
•The characteristics of a wood pyre that can fully consume a body were studied.•Systematically constructed pyres and pig carcasses, as human surrogate, were used.•Ideally, a ratio dry wood/body of 5 is necessary to achieve complete destruction.•In practice, a ratio higher than 9 is necessary to achieve complete destruction.</abstract><cop>Lausanne</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.04.007</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-9291</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5325-2020</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-0984</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-1018</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-3840</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-7283</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Body mass Body size Burning Carcasses Cremation Cremation of bodies Dentures Forensic sciences Fuels Incineration Organic matter Self-sustained burning Thermal degradation Timber construction |
| title | Experimental study on the fuel requirements for the thermal degradation of bodies by means of open pyre cremation |
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