Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media

Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media

We report on craters formed by balls dropped into dry, non-cohesive, granular media. By explicit variation of ball density \(\rho_{b}\), diameter \(D_{b}\), and drop height \(H\), the crater diameter is confirmed to scale as the 1/4 power of the energy of the ball at impact: \(D_{c}\sim(\rho_{b}{D_{...

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Veröffentlicht in:arXiv.org 2003-03
Hauptverfasser: Uehara, J S, Ambroso, M A, Ojha, R P, Durian, D J
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Craters
Granular materials
Granular media
Low speed
Scaling laws
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Ambroso, M A
Ojha, R P
Durian, D J
description We report on craters formed by balls dropped into dry, non-cohesive, granular media. By explicit variation of ball density \(\rho_{b}\), diameter \(D_{b}\), and drop height \(H\), the crater diameter is confirmed to scale as the 1/4 power of the energy of the ball at impact: \(D_{c}\sim(\rho_{b}{D_{b}}^{3}H)^{1/4}\). Against expectation, a different scaling law is discovered for the crater depth: \(d\sim({\rho_{b}}^{3/2}{D_{b}}^{2}H)^{1/3}\). The scaling with properties of the medium is also established. The crater depth has significance for granular mechanics in that it relates to the stopping force on the ball.
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subjects Craters
Granular materials
Granular media
Low speed
Scaling laws
title Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media
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