Effect of Zn2+–Cr3+ substitution on structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties of NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles
The Zn 2+ –Cr 3+ substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles with a chemical formula Ni 1−x Zn x Fe 2−x Cr x O 4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the samples confirm the single phase cubic spinel structure with...
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| creator | Mande, Vishwanath K. Bhoyar, Dhananjay N. Vyawahare, S. K. Jadhav, K. M. |
| description | The Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles with a chemical formula Ni
1−x
Zn
x
Fe
2−x
Cr
x
O
4
(0.0
≤
x
≤
1.0) were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the samples confirm the single phase cubic spinel structure with
Fd-3m
space group. In the present system, the lattice constant was increased from 8.337 to 8.396 Å with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The average crystallite size (t) determined using the Debye–Scherrer’s formula, which lies in the range of 19–28 nm. The surface morphology was examined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and it showed that the particle size of the samples lies in the nano regime with a moderate agglomeration. The compositional stoichiometry was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). FT-IR spectra indicates two fundamental absorption bands, the higher frequency band
ϑ
1
at 574–594 cm
−1
and the lower frequency band
ϑ
2
at 468–486 cm
−1
arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites it confirm the spinel structure. The magnetic properties of all the samples were measured using a Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (M
s
) was found to decrease due to B–B exchange and A–B superexchange interaction while remanent magnetization (M
r
) and coercivity (H
c
) decreases with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The DC electrical resistivity as a function of temperature revealed the semiconducting nature of all the samples. The activation energy (E
a
) was found to increase from 0.371 to 0.478 eV with an increase in Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. Overall, the Zn
2+
and Cr
3+
ions are successfully incorporated in the nickel ferrite by sol–gel auto-combustion method, and the spinel structure was not disturbed by the substitution. The magnetic and electrical properties of nickel ferrites are strongly influenced by the substitution, which may useful in technological and industrial applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10854-018-9668-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2081199971</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2081199971</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c283t-a7fb7720f83ad14702dfd9e73310a650fd2700947682c2ca635adc5fd7f5f0913</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kMFKxDAQhoMouK4-gLeAx7U6SdomPcriqrC4FwXxErJpsnbpNjVJYb158A18Q5_E1hU8CQPDMP__zfAjdErgggDwy0BAZGkCRCRFnotku4dGJOMsSQV92kcjKDKepBmlh-gohDUA5CkTI_Rxba3RETuLnxs6-Xr_nHo2waFbhljFLlauwX2F6DsdO6_qc7xxvn1xtVtV-mdUq8bESmPVlNjUPcwPC9x61xofKxMG-H01M3SRYmu8r6LBjWpcq_q1rk04RgdW1cGc_PYxepxdP0xvk_ni5m56NU80FSwmitsl5xSsYKokKQda2rIwnDECKs_AlpQDFCnPBdVUq5xlqtSZLbnNLBSEjdHZjtv_9tqZEOXadb7pT0oKgpCiKPigIjuV9i4Eb6xsfbVR_k0SkEPYche27MOWQ9hy23vozhN6bbMy_o_8v-kbTtKE_w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2081199971</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effect of Zn2+–Cr3+ substitution on structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties of NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Mande, Vishwanath K. ; Bhoyar, Dhananjay N. ; Vyawahare, S. K. ; Jadhav, K. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Mande, Vishwanath K. ; Bhoyar, Dhananjay N. ; Vyawahare, S. K. ; Jadhav, K. M.</creatorcontrib><description>The Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles with a chemical formula Ni
1−x
Zn
x
Fe
2−x
Cr
x
O
4
(0.0
≤
x
≤
1.0) were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the samples confirm the single phase cubic spinel structure with
Fd-3m
space group. In the present system, the lattice constant was increased from 8.337 to 8.396 Å with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The average crystallite size (t) determined using the Debye–Scherrer’s formula, which lies in the range of 19–28 nm. The surface morphology was examined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and it showed that the particle size of the samples lies in the nano regime with a moderate agglomeration. The compositional stoichiometry was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). FT-IR spectra indicates two fundamental absorption bands, the higher frequency band
ϑ
1
at 574–594 cm
−1
and the lower frequency band
ϑ
2
at 468–486 cm
−1
arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites it confirm the spinel structure. The magnetic properties of all the samples were measured using a Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (M
s
) was found to decrease due to B–B exchange and A–B superexchange interaction while remanent magnetization (M
r
) and coercivity (H
c
) decreases with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The DC electrical resistivity as a function of temperature revealed the semiconducting nature of all the samples. The activation energy (E
a
) was found to increase from 0.371 to 0.478 eV with an increase in Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. Overall, the Zn
2+
and Cr
3+
ions are successfully incorporated in the nickel ferrite by sol–gel auto-combustion method, and the spinel structure was not disturbed by the substitution. The magnetic and electrical properties of nickel ferrites are strongly influenced by the substitution, which may useful in technological and industrial applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0957-4522</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-482X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10854-018-9668-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Absorption spectra ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Coercivity ; Combustion ; Debye-Scherrer method ; Diffraction patterns ; Electrical properties ; Field emission microscopy ; Industrial applications ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Lattice parameters ; Magnetic properties ; Magnetic saturation ; Magnetization ; Materials Science ; Morphology ; Nanoparticles ; Nickel ferrites ; Nitrates ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Organic chemistry ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sol-gel processes ; Spinel ; Stoichiometry ; Substitutes ; Trivalent chromium ; X-ray diffraction ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics, 2018-09, Vol.29 (17), p.15259-15270</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c283t-a7fb7720f83ad14702dfd9e73310a650fd2700947682c2ca635adc5fd7f5f0913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c283t-a7fb7720f83ad14702dfd9e73310a650fd2700947682c2ca635adc5fd7f5f0913</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9911-411X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10854-018-9668-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10854-018-9668-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mande, Vishwanath K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhoyar, Dhananjay N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vyawahare, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jadhav, K. M.</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Zn2+–Cr3+ substitution on structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties of NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles</title><title>Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics</title><addtitle>J Mater Sci: Mater Electron</addtitle><description>The Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles with a chemical formula Ni
1−x
Zn
x
Fe
2−x
Cr
x
O
4
(0.0
≤
x
≤
1.0) were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the samples confirm the single phase cubic spinel structure with
Fd-3m
space group. In the present system, the lattice constant was increased from 8.337 to 8.396 Å with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The average crystallite size (t) determined using the Debye–Scherrer’s formula, which lies in the range of 19–28 nm. The surface morphology was examined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and it showed that the particle size of the samples lies in the nano regime with a moderate agglomeration. The compositional stoichiometry was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). FT-IR spectra indicates two fundamental absorption bands, the higher frequency band
ϑ
1
at 574–594 cm
−1
and the lower frequency band
ϑ
2
at 468–486 cm
−1
arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites it confirm the spinel structure. The magnetic properties of all the samples were measured using a Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (M
s
) was found to decrease due to B–B exchange and A–B superexchange interaction while remanent magnetization (M
r
) and coercivity (H
c
) decreases with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The DC electrical resistivity as a function of temperature revealed the semiconducting nature of all the samples. The activation energy (E
a
) was found to increase from 0.371 to 0.478 eV with an increase in Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. Overall, the Zn
2+
and Cr
3+
ions are successfully incorporated in the nickel ferrite by sol–gel auto-combustion method, and the spinel structure was not disturbed by the substitution. The magnetic and electrical properties of nickel ferrites are strongly influenced by the substitution, which may useful in technological and industrial applications.</description><subject>Absorption spectra</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Coercivity</subject><subject>Combustion</subject><subject>Debye-Scherrer method</subject><subject>Diffraction patterns</subject><subject>Electrical properties</subject><subject>Field emission microscopy</subject><subject>Industrial applications</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Lattice parameters</subject><subject>Magnetic properties</subject><subject>Magnetic saturation</subject><subject>Magnetization</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nickel ferrites</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sol-gel processes</subject><subject>Spinel</subject><subject>Stoichiometry</subject><subject>Substitutes</subject><subject>Trivalent chromium</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0957-4522</issn><issn>1573-482X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMFKxDAQhoMouK4-gLeAx7U6SdomPcriqrC4FwXxErJpsnbpNjVJYb158A18Q5_E1hU8CQPDMP__zfAjdErgggDwy0BAZGkCRCRFnotku4dGJOMsSQV92kcjKDKepBmlh-gohDUA5CkTI_Rxba3RETuLnxs6-Xr_nHo2waFbhljFLlauwX2F6DsdO6_qc7xxvn1xtVtV-mdUq8bESmPVlNjUPcwPC9x61xofKxMG-H01M3SRYmu8r6LBjWpcq_q1rk04RgdW1cGc_PYxepxdP0xvk_ni5m56NU80FSwmitsl5xSsYKokKQda2rIwnDECKs_AlpQDFCnPBdVUq5xlqtSZLbnNLBSEjdHZjtv_9tqZEOXadb7pT0oKgpCiKPigIjuV9i4Eb6xsfbVR_k0SkEPYche27MOWQ9hy23vozhN6bbMy_o_8v-kbTtKE_w</recordid><startdate>20180901</startdate><enddate>20180901</enddate><creator>Mande, Vishwanath K.</creator><creator>Bhoyar, Dhananjay N.</creator><creator>Vyawahare, S. K.</creator><creator>Jadhav, K. M.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>S0W</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-411X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180901</creationdate><title>Effect of Zn2+–Cr3+ substitution on structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties of NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles</title><author>Mande, Vishwanath K. ; Bhoyar, Dhananjay N. ; Vyawahare, S. K. ; Jadhav, K. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c283t-a7fb7720f83ad14702dfd9e73310a650fd2700947682c2ca635adc5fd7f5f0913</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Absorption spectra</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Coercivity</topic><topic>Combustion</topic><topic>Debye-Scherrer method</topic><topic>Diffraction patterns</topic><topic>Electrical properties</topic><topic>Field emission microscopy</topic><topic>Industrial applications</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Lattice parameters</topic><topic>Magnetic properties</topic><topic>Magnetic saturation</topic><topic>Magnetization</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nickel ferrites</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Optical and Electronic Materials</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Sol-gel processes</topic><topic>Spinel</topic><topic>Stoichiometry</topic><topic>Substitutes</topic><topic>Trivalent chromium</topic><topic>X-ray diffraction</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mande, Vishwanath K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhoyar, Dhananjay N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vyawahare, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jadhav, K. M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>DELNET Engineering & Technology Collection</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mande, Vishwanath K.</au><au>Bhoyar, Dhananjay N.</au><au>Vyawahare, S. K.</au><au>Jadhav, K. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Zn2+–Cr3+ substitution on structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties of NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics</jtitle><stitle>J Mater Sci: Mater Electron</stitle><date>2018-09-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>15259</spage><epage>15270</epage><pages>15259-15270</pages><issn>0957-4522</issn><eissn>1573-482X</eissn><abstract>The Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles with a chemical formula Ni
1−x
Zn
x
Fe
2−x
Cr
x
O
4
(0.0
≤
x
≤
1.0) were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the samples confirm the single phase cubic spinel structure with
Fd-3m
space group. In the present system, the lattice constant was increased from 8.337 to 8.396 Å with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The average crystallite size (t) determined using the Debye–Scherrer’s formula, which lies in the range of 19–28 nm. The surface morphology was examined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and it showed that the particle size of the samples lies in the nano regime with a moderate agglomeration. The compositional stoichiometry was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). FT-IR spectra indicates two fundamental absorption bands, the higher frequency band
ϑ
1
at 574–594 cm
−1
and the lower frequency band
ϑ
2
at 468–486 cm
−1
arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites it confirm the spinel structure. The magnetic properties of all the samples were measured using a Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (M
s
) was found to decrease due to B–B exchange and A–B superexchange interaction while remanent magnetization (M
r
) and coercivity (H
c
) decreases with increasing Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. The DC electrical resistivity as a function of temperature revealed the semiconducting nature of all the samples. The activation energy (E
a
) was found to increase from 0.371 to 0.478 eV with an increase in Zn
2+
–Cr
3+
concentration. Overall, the Zn
2+
and Cr
3+
ions are successfully incorporated in the nickel ferrite by sol–gel auto-combustion method, and the spinel structure was not disturbed by the substitution. The magnetic and electrical properties of nickel ferrites are strongly influenced by the substitution, which may useful in technological and industrial applications.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s10854-018-9668-x</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-411X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0957-4522 |
| ispartof | Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics, 2018-09, Vol.29 (17), p.15259-15270 |
| issn | 0957-4522 1573-482X |
| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Absorption spectra Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Coercivity Combustion Debye-Scherrer method Diffraction patterns Electrical properties Field emission microscopy Industrial applications Infrared spectroscopy Lattice parameters Magnetic properties Magnetic saturation Magnetization Materials Science Morphology Nanoparticles Nickel ferrites Nitrates Optical and Electronic Materials Organic chemistry Scanning electron microscopy Sol-gel processes Spinel Stoichiometry Substitutes Trivalent chromium X-ray diffraction Zinc |
| title | Effect of Zn2+–Cr3+ substitution on structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties of NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles |
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