Highland cropland expansion and forest loss in Southeast Asia in the twenty-first century

Southeast Asia is a hotspot of tropical deforestation for agriculture. Most of the deforestation is thought to occur in lowland forests, whereas the region’s mountainous highlands undergo very limited deforestation. However, regional reports of cropland expansion in some highland areas suggest that...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature geoscience 2018-08, Vol.11 (8), p.556-562
Hauptverfasser: Zeng, Zhenzhong, Estes, Lyndon, Ziegler, Alan D., Chen, Anping, Searchinger, Timothy, Hua, Fangyuan, Guan, Kaiyu, Jintrawet, Attachai, F. Wood, Eric
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container_issue 8
container_start_page 556
container_title Nature geoscience
container_volume 11
creator Zeng, Zhenzhong
Estes, Lyndon
Ziegler, Alan D.
Chen, Anping
Searchinger, Timothy
Hua, Fangyuan
Guan, Kaiyu
Jintrawet, Attachai
F. Wood, Eric
description Southeast Asia is a hotspot of tropical deforestation for agriculture. Most of the deforestation is thought to occur in lowland forests, whereas the region’s mountainous highlands undergo very limited deforestation. However, regional reports of cropland expansion in some highland areas suggest that this assumption is inaccurate. Here we investigate patterns of forest change and cropland expansion in the region for the twenty-first century, based on multiple streams of state-of-the-art satellite imagery. We find large increases in cultivated areas that have not been documented or projected. Many of these cultivated areas have evolved from forests that vary in health and status, including primary and protected forests, or from recovering lands that were on a trajectory to become secondary forests. These areas all have different biophysical features than croplands. We estimate that an area of 82 billion m 2 has been developed into croplands in the Southeast Asian highlands. Some portion of this land-use change is probably attributable to agricultural intensification on formerly swidden agriculture lands; however, a substantial proportion is from new forest loss. Our findings are in marked contrast with projections of land-cover trends that currently inform the prediction of future climate change, terrestrial carbon storage, biomass, biodiversity, and land degradation. Cultivated areas have expanded at the expense of forests, including primary and protected forests, in Southeast Asian highlands, according to an analysis of satellite imagery of the region.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41561-018-0166-9
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subjects 21st century
704/158/2454
704/172
704/172/4081
704/844/685
Agricultural land
Agriculture
Biodegradation
Biodiversity
Carbon capture and storage
Carbon sequestration
Climate change
Deforestation
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Earth System Sciences
Forest protection
Forests
Future climates
Geochemistry
Geology
Geophysics/Geodesy
Highlands
Imagery
Intensive farming
Land cover
Land degradation
Land use
Satellite imagery
Satellites
Shifting cultivation
Spaceborne remote sensing
Tropical climate
title Highland cropland expansion and forest loss in Southeast Asia in the twenty-first century
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