Groundwater Quality assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI) in parts of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India
The water quality index (WQI) is an important tool to determine the drinking water quality in urban, rural and industrial area. WQI is defined as an index reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters which is considered and taken for calculation of water quality index. In...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the Geological Society of India 2018-07, Vol.92 (1), p.76-82 |
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| creator | Chaurasia, Abhishek Kumar Pandey, H. K. Tiwari, S. K. Prakash, Ram Pandey, Prashant Ram, Arjun |
| description | The water quality index (WQI) is an important tool to determine the drinking water quality in urban, rural and industrial area. WQI is defined as an index reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters which is considered and taken for calculation of water quality index. In the present study, sixteen groundwater samples were collected from the southern portion of the Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the pre monsoon period of May, 2015. The twenty two water quality parameters have been considered for the calculation of water quality index viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solid (TDS), alkalinity, sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), nitrates (NO
3"
), bicarbonate (HCO
3
–
), chlorides (Cl
–
), sulphates (SO
4
–
), fluorides (F
–
), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2012) has been considered to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and for the calculation of WQI. Correlation study between various physicochemical properties also reveals significant negative relationships. The current study shows that ~20% area is falling under the non suitable for drinking water category and rest is falling under good, moderate, poor, very poor as per the WQI classification. The present study is helpful in proper planning and management of available water resource for drinking purpose. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12594-018-0955-1 |
| format | Article |
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+
), potassium (K
+
), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), nitrates (NO
3"
), bicarbonate (HCO
3
–
), chlorides (Cl
–
), sulphates (SO
4
–
), fluorides (F
–
), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2012) has been considered to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and for the calculation of WQI. Correlation study between various physicochemical properties also reveals significant negative relationships. The current study shows that ~20% area is falling under the non suitable for drinking water category and rest is falling under good, moderate, poor, very poor as per the WQI classification. The present study is helpful in proper planning and management of available water resource for drinking purpose.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0016-7622</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0974-6889</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12594-018-0955-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Delhi: Geological Society of India</publisher><subject>Alkalinity ; Bicarbonates ; Cadmium ; Calcium ; Calcium ions ; Chlorides ; Chromium ; Copper ; Correlation analysis ; Dissolved solids ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Falling ; Fluorides ; Geology ; Groundwater ; Groundwater quality ; Hydrogeology ; Industrial areas ; Iron ; Lead ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mathematical analysis ; Nickel ; Nitrates ; Parameters ; Physicochemical processes ; Physicochemical properties ; Potassium ; Quality assessment ; Quality control ; Resource management ; Rural areas ; Sodium ; Sulphates ; Water analysis ; Water hardness ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Water sampling ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2018-07, Vol.92 (1), p.76-82</ispartof><rights>Geological Society of India 2018</rights><rights>Journal of the Geological Society of India is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-98ef87e2ea6342ef792c827ef0c973c2f55ce0112522381c0fcf5db7ee9985f33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-98ef87e2ea6342ef792c827ef0c973c2f55ce0112522381c0fcf5db7ee9985f33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12594-018-0955-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12594-018-0955-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chaurasia, Abhishek Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pandey, H. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiwari, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prakash, Ram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pandey, Prashant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ram, Arjun</creatorcontrib><title>Groundwater Quality assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI) in parts of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India</title><title>Journal of the Geological Society of India</title><addtitle>J Geol Soc India</addtitle><description>The water quality index (WQI) is an important tool to determine the drinking water quality in urban, rural and industrial area. WQI is defined as an index reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters which is considered and taken for calculation of water quality index. In the present study, sixteen groundwater samples were collected from the southern portion of the Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the pre monsoon period of May, 2015. The twenty two water quality parameters have been considered for the calculation of water quality index viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solid (TDS), alkalinity, sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), nitrates (NO
3"
), bicarbonate (HCO
3
–
), chlorides (Cl
–
), sulphates (SO
4
–
), fluorides (F
–
), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2012) has been considered to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and for the calculation of WQI. Correlation study between various physicochemical properties also reveals significant negative relationships. The current study shows that ~20% area is falling under the non suitable for drinking water category and rest is falling under good, moderate, poor, very poor as per the WQI classification. The present study is helpful in proper planning and management of available water resource for drinking purpose.</description><subject>Alkalinity</subject><subject>Bicarbonates</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium ions</subject><subject>Chlorides</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Dissolved solids</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Falling</subject><subject>Fluorides</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater quality</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Industrial areas</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Physicochemical processes</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Quality assessment</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Resource management</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sulphates</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water hardness</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0016-7622</issn><issn>0974-6889</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1LAzEQhhdRsFZ_gLeAF4Wu5mN3kxylai0UtGDtMcTspG5pd2smi_bfu6WCePA0A_M-M8yTJOeMXjNK5Q0ynusspUylVOd5yg6SHtUySwul9GHXU1aksuD8ODlBXFJaZFSJXhJGoWnr8tNGCGTa2lUVt8QiAuIa6kharOoFmf8Zj-sSvsjlfDq-IlVNNjZEJI0nrzbY2mJF7iqMoXJxQGYx2kCegy0B3wc7srKnyZG3K4Szn9pPZg_3L8PHdPI0Gg9vJ6kVQsdUK_BKAgdbiIyDl5o7xSV46rQUjvs8d0BZ9zfnQjFHvfN5-SYBtFa5F6KfXOz3bkLz0QJGs2zaUHcnDaeSF0rQIu9SbJ9yoUEM4M0mVGsbtoZRs1Nr9mpNp9bs1BrWMXzPYJetFxB-N_8PfQOaqXwK</recordid><startdate>20180701</startdate><enddate>20180701</enddate><creator>Chaurasia, Abhishek Kumar</creator><creator>Pandey, H. 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K.</creator><creator>Prakash, Ram</creator><creator>Pandey, Prashant</creator><creator>Ram, Arjun</creator><general>Geological Society of India</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>04Q</scope><scope>04W</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180701</creationdate><title>Groundwater Quality assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI) in parts of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India</title><author>Chaurasia, Abhishek Kumar ; Pandey, H. K. ; Tiwari, S. K. ; Prakash, Ram ; Pandey, Prashant ; Ram, Arjun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-98ef87e2ea6342ef792c827ef0c973c2f55ce0112522381c0fcf5db7ee9985f33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Alkalinity</topic><topic>Bicarbonates</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium ions</topic><topic>Chlorides</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Dissolved solids</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Electrical conductivity</topic><topic>Electrical resistivity</topic><topic>Falling</topic><topic>Fluorides</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater quality</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Industrial areas</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Nickel</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Physicochemical processes</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>Quality assessment</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>Resource management</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Sulphates</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water hardness</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water resources</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chaurasia, Abhishek Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pandey, H. 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K.</au><au>Tiwari, S. K.</au><au>Prakash, Ram</au><au>Pandey, Prashant</au><au>Ram, Arjun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Groundwater Quality assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI) in parts of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the Geological Society of India</jtitle><stitle>J Geol Soc India</stitle><date>2018-07-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>92</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>76</spage><epage>82</epage><pages>76-82</pages><issn>0016-7622</issn><eissn>0974-6889</eissn><abstract>The water quality index (WQI) is an important tool to determine the drinking water quality in urban, rural and industrial area. WQI is defined as an index reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters which is considered and taken for calculation of water quality index. In the present study, sixteen groundwater samples were collected from the southern portion of the Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the pre monsoon period of May, 2015. The twenty two water quality parameters have been considered for the calculation of water quality index viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solid (TDS), alkalinity, sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), nitrates (NO
3"
), bicarbonate (HCO
3
–
), chlorides (Cl
–
), sulphates (SO
4
–
), fluorides (F
–
), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2012) has been considered to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and for the calculation of WQI. Correlation study between various physicochemical properties also reveals significant negative relationships. The current study shows that ~20% area is falling under the non suitable for drinking water category and rest is falling under good, moderate, poor, very poor as per the WQI classification. The present study is helpful in proper planning and management of available water resource for drinking purpose.</abstract><cop>New Delhi</cop><pub>Geological Society of India</pub><doi>10.1007/s12594-018-0955-1</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0016-7622 |
| ispartof | Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2018-07, Vol.92 (1), p.76-82 |
| issn | 0016-7622 0974-6889 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Alkalinity Bicarbonates Cadmium Calcium Calcium ions Chlorides Chromium Copper Correlation analysis Dissolved solids Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Falling Fluorides Geology Groundwater Groundwater quality Hydrogeology Industrial areas Iron Lead Magnesium Manganese Mathematical analysis Nickel Nitrates Parameters Physicochemical processes Physicochemical properties Potassium Quality assessment Quality control Resource management Rural areas Sodium Sulphates Water analysis Water hardness Water quality Water resources Water sampling Zinc |
| title | Groundwater Quality assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI) in parts of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India |
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