Weed Management in 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science
The discipline of weed science is at a critical juncture. Decades of efficient chemical weed control have led to a rise in the number of herbicide-resistant weed populations, with few new herbicides with unique modes of action to counter this trend and often no economical alternatives to herbicides...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Weed science 2018-05, Vol.66 (3), p.275-285 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 285 |
---|---|
container_issue | 3 |
container_start_page | 275 |
container_title | Weed science |
container_volume | 66 |
creator | Westwood, James H Charudattan, Raghavan Duke, Stephen O Fennimore, Steven A Marrone, Pam Slaughter, David C Swanton, Clarence Zollinger, Richard |
description | The discipline of weed science is at a critical juncture. Decades of efficient chemical weed control have led to a rise in the number of herbicide-resistant weed populations, with few new herbicides with unique modes of action to counter this trend and often no economical alternatives to herbicides in large-acreage crops. At the same time, the world population is swelling, necessitating increased food production to feed an anticipated 9 billion people by the year 2050. Here, we consider these challenges along with emerging trends in technology and innovation that offer hope of providing sustainable weed management into the future. The emergence of natural product leads in discovery of new herbicides and biopesticides suggests that new modes of action can be discovered, while genetic engineering provides additional options for manipulating herbicide selectivity and creating entirely novel approaches to weed management. Advances in understanding plant pathogen interactions will contribute to developing new biological control agents, and insights into plant–plant interactions suggest that crops can be improved by manipulating their response to competition. Revolutions in computing power and automation have led to a nascent industry built on using machine vision and global positioning system information to distinguish weeds from crops and deliver precision weed control. These technologies open multiple possibilities for efficient weed management, whether through chemical or mechanical mechanisms. Information is also needed by growers to make good decisions, and will be delivered with unprecedented efficiency and specificity, potentially revolutionizing aspects of extension work. We consider that meeting the weed management needs of agriculture by 2050 and beyond is a challenge that requires commitment by funding agencies, researchers, and students to translate new technologies into durable weed management solutions. Integrating old and new weed management technologies into more diverse weed management systems based on a better understanding of weed biology and ecology can provide integrated weed management and resistance management strategies that will be more sustainable than the technologies that are now failing. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1017/wsc.2017.78 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2071270314</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><cupid>10_1017_wsc_2017_78</cupid><jstor_id>26505840</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>26505840</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b392t-9c6f1d9796a6eaf14cc925d1aa2d70a1fed828aa8d3d641f4c477cfbf640875a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMFLwzAUh4MoOKcnz0LAk0jnS5o0rTcZToWJgorHkCYvs8O1M2kV_3s7N_Qint6D973fDz5CDhmMGDB19hHtiPfLSOVbZMCkhIQrWWyTAYBIE6aE3CV7Mc4BWMZZMSDjZ0RHb01tZrjAuqVVTTlIOKf3GOISbVu9Y6RNTdsXpJOu7QLSxtPvtwdbYW1xn-x48xrxYDOH5Gly-Ti-TqZ3Vzfji2lSpgVvk8JmnrlCFZnJ0HgmrC24dMwY7hQY5tHlPDcmd6nLBPPCCqWsL30mIFfSpENyvM5dhuatw9jqedOFuq_UHBTjClImeup0TdnQxBjQ62WoFiZ8agZ6ZUn3lvTKklZ5Tx-t6Xlsm_CD8kyCzAX092STZhZlqNwMf0v_zjtZ82XVNDX-2_0FXN5-1Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2071270314</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Weed Management in 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science</title><source>Cambridge Journals Online</source><source>JSTOR</source><creator>Westwood, James H ; Charudattan, Raghavan ; Duke, Stephen O ; Fennimore, Steven A ; Marrone, Pam ; Slaughter, David C ; Swanton, Clarence ; Zollinger, Richard</creator><creatorcontrib>Westwood, James H ; Charudattan, Raghavan ; Duke, Stephen O ; Fennimore, Steven A ; Marrone, Pam ; Slaughter, David C ; Swanton, Clarence ; Zollinger, Richard</creatorcontrib><description>The discipline of weed science is at a critical juncture. Decades of efficient chemical weed control have led to a rise in the number of herbicide-resistant weed populations, with few new herbicides with unique modes of action to counter this trend and often no economical alternatives to herbicides in large-acreage crops. At the same time, the world population is swelling, necessitating increased food production to feed an anticipated 9 billion people by the year 2050. Here, we consider these challenges along with emerging trends in technology and innovation that offer hope of providing sustainable weed management into the future. The emergence of natural product leads in discovery of new herbicides and biopesticides suggests that new modes of action can be discovered, while genetic engineering provides additional options for manipulating herbicide selectivity and creating entirely novel approaches to weed management. Advances in understanding plant pathogen interactions will contribute to developing new biological control agents, and insights into plant–plant interactions suggest that crops can be improved by manipulating their response to competition. Revolutions in computing power and automation have led to a nascent industry built on using machine vision and global positioning system information to distinguish weeds from crops and deliver precision weed control. These technologies open multiple possibilities for efficient weed management, whether through chemical or mechanical mechanisms. Information is also needed by growers to make good decisions, and will be delivered with unprecedented efficiency and specificity, potentially revolutionizing aspects of extension work. We consider that meeting the weed management needs of agriculture by 2050 and beyond is a challenge that requires commitment by funding agencies, researchers, and students to translate new technologies into durable weed management solutions. Integrating old and new weed management technologies into more diverse weed management systems based on a better understanding of weed biology and ecology can provide integrated weed management and resistance management strategies that will be more sustainable than the technologies that are now failing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1745</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1550-2759</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1550-2759</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2017.78</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, USA: The Weed Science Society of America</publisher><subject>Agricultural management ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Automation ; Big Data ; Biological control ; Biology ; biopesticides ; competition ; Crops ; Ecology ; Food ; Food production ; Genetic engineering ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Herbicide resistance ; Herbicides ; Information systems ; information technology ; Innovations ; Life sciences ; Machine vision ; Management systems ; Natural products ; New technology ; novel herbicides ; Organic chemistry ; Pesticides ; Plant pathology ; Population ; precision agriculture ; Product development ; robotics ; student training ; Students ; SYMPOSIUM ; Trends ; Weed control ; Weeds ; World population</subject><ispartof>Weed science, 2018-05, Vol.66 (3), p.275-285</ispartof><rights>Weed Science Society of America, 2018. The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.</rights><rights>Weed Science Society of America, 2018</rights><rights>Weed Science Society of America, 2018 The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (the “License”) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b392t-9c6f1d9796a6eaf14cc925d1aa2d70a1fed828aa8d3d641f4c477cfbf640875a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b392t-9c6f1d9796a6eaf14cc925d1aa2d70a1fed828aa8d3d641f4c477cfbf640875a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26505840$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0043174517000789/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,315,781,785,804,27929,27930,55633,58022,58255</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Westwood, James H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charudattan, Raghavan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duke, Stephen O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fennimore, Steven A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marrone, Pam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slaughter, David C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swanton, Clarence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zollinger, Richard</creatorcontrib><title>Weed Management in 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science</title><title>Weed science</title><addtitle>Weed Sci</addtitle><description>The discipline of weed science is at a critical juncture. Decades of efficient chemical weed control have led to a rise in the number of herbicide-resistant weed populations, with few new herbicides with unique modes of action to counter this trend and often no economical alternatives to herbicides in large-acreage crops. At the same time, the world population is swelling, necessitating increased food production to feed an anticipated 9 billion people by the year 2050. Here, we consider these challenges along with emerging trends in technology and innovation that offer hope of providing sustainable weed management into the future. The emergence of natural product leads in discovery of new herbicides and biopesticides suggests that new modes of action can be discovered, while genetic engineering provides additional options for manipulating herbicide selectivity and creating entirely novel approaches to weed management. Advances in understanding plant pathogen interactions will contribute to developing new biological control agents, and insights into plant–plant interactions suggest that crops can be improved by manipulating their response to competition. Revolutions in computing power and automation have led to a nascent industry built on using machine vision and global positioning system information to distinguish weeds from crops and deliver precision weed control. These technologies open multiple possibilities for efficient weed management, whether through chemical or mechanical mechanisms. Information is also needed by growers to make good decisions, and will be delivered with unprecedented efficiency and specificity, potentially revolutionizing aspects of extension work. We consider that meeting the weed management needs of agriculture by 2050 and beyond is a challenge that requires commitment by funding agencies, researchers, and students to translate new technologies into durable weed management solutions. Integrating old and new weed management technologies into more diverse weed management systems based on a better understanding of weed biology and ecology can provide integrated weed management and resistance management strategies that will be more sustainable than the technologies that are now failing.</description><subject>Agricultural management</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Big Data</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>biopesticides</subject><subject>competition</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food production</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Herbicide resistance</subject><subject>Herbicides</subject><subject>Information systems</subject><subject>information technology</subject><subject>Innovations</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Machine vision</subject><subject>Management systems</subject><subject>Natural products</subject><subject>New technology</subject><subject>novel herbicides</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Plant pathology</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>precision agriculture</subject><subject>Product development</subject><subject>robotics</subject><subject>student training</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>SYMPOSIUM</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Weed control</subject><subject>Weeds</subject><subject>World population</subject><issn>0043-1745</issn><issn>1550-2759</issn><issn>1550-2759</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>IKXGN</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMFLwzAUh4MoOKcnz0LAk0jnS5o0rTcZToWJgorHkCYvs8O1M2kV_3s7N_Qint6D973fDz5CDhmMGDB19hHtiPfLSOVbZMCkhIQrWWyTAYBIE6aE3CV7Mc4BWMZZMSDjZ0RHb01tZrjAuqVVTTlIOKf3GOISbVu9Y6RNTdsXpJOu7QLSxtPvtwdbYW1xn-x48xrxYDOH5Gly-Ti-TqZ3Vzfji2lSpgVvk8JmnrlCFZnJ0HgmrC24dMwY7hQY5tHlPDcmd6nLBPPCCqWsL30mIFfSpENyvM5dhuatw9jqedOFuq_UHBTjClImeup0TdnQxBjQ62WoFiZ8agZ6ZUn3lvTKklZ5Tx-t6Xlsm_CD8kyCzAX092STZhZlqNwMf0v_zjtZ82XVNDX-2_0FXN5-1Q</recordid><startdate>20180501</startdate><enddate>20180501</enddate><creator>Westwood, James H</creator><creator>Charudattan, Raghavan</creator><creator>Duke, Stephen O</creator><creator>Fennimore, Steven A</creator><creator>Marrone, Pam</creator><creator>Slaughter, David C</creator><creator>Swanton, Clarence</creator><creator>Zollinger, Richard</creator><general>The Weed Science Society of America</general><general>Cambridge University Press</general><general>Weed Science Society of America</general><scope>IKXGN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180501</creationdate><title>Weed Management in 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science</title><author>Westwood, James H ; Charudattan, Raghavan ; Duke, Stephen O ; Fennimore, Steven A ; Marrone, Pam ; Slaughter, David C ; Swanton, Clarence ; Zollinger, Richard</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b392t-9c6f1d9796a6eaf14cc925d1aa2d70a1fed828aa8d3d641f4c477cfbf640875a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Agricultural management</topic><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Big Data</topic><topic>Biological control</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>biopesticides</topic><topic>competition</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food production</topic><topic>Genetic engineering</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Herbicide resistance</topic><topic>Herbicides</topic><topic>Information systems</topic><topic>information technology</topic><topic>Innovations</topic><topic>Life sciences</topic><topic>Machine vision</topic><topic>Management systems</topic><topic>Natural products</topic><topic>New technology</topic><topic>novel herbicides</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Plant pathology</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>precision agriculture</topic><topic>Product development</topic><topic>robotics</topic><topic>student training</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>SYMPOSIUM</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Weed control</topic><topic>Weeds</topic><topic>World population</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Westwood, James H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charudattan, Raghavan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duke, Stephen O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fennimore, Steven A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marrone, Pam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slaughter, David C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swanton, Clarence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zollinger, Richard</creatorcontrib><collection>Cambridge University Press:Open Access Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Agriculture & Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Weed science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Westwood, James H</au><au>Charudattan, Raghavan</au><au>Duke, Stephen O</au><au>Fennimore, Steven A</au><au>Marrone, Pam</au><au>Slaughter, David C</au><au>Swanton, Clarence</au><au>Zollinger, Richard</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Weed Management in 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science</atitle><jtitle>Weed science</jtitle><addtitle>Weed Sci</addtitle><date>2018-05-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>66</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>275</spage><epage>285</epage><pages>275-285</pages><issn>0043-1745</issn><issn>1550-2759</issn><eissn>1550-2759</eissn><abstract>The discipline of weed science is at a critical juncture. Decades of efficient chemical weed control have led to a rise in the number of herbicide-resistant weed populations, with few new herbicides with unique modes of action to counter this trend and often no economical alternatives to herbicides in large-acreage crops. At the same time, the world population is swelling, necessitating increased food production to feed an anticipated 9 billion people by the year 2050. Here, we consider these challenges along with emerging trends in technology and innovation that offer hope of providing sustainable weed management into the future. The emergence of natural product leads in discovery of new herbicides and biopesticides suggests that new modes of action can be discovered, while genetic engineering provides additional options for manipulating herbicide selectivity and creating entirely novel approaches to weed management. Advances in understanding plant pathogen interactions will contribute to developing new biological control agents, and insights into plant–plant interactions suggest that crops can be improved by manipulating their response to competition. Revolutions in computing power and automation have led to a nascent industry built on using machine vision and global positioning system information to distinguish weeds from crops and deliver precision weed control. These technologies open multiple possibilities for efficient weed management, whether through chemical or mechanical mechanisms. Information is also needed by growers to make good decisions, and will be delivered with unprecedented efficiency and specificity, potentially revolutionizing aspects of extension work. We consider that meeting the weed management needs of agriculture by 2050 and beyond is a challenge that requires commitment by funding agencies, researchers, and students to translate new technologies into durable weed management solutions. Integrating old and new weed management technologies into more diverse weed management systems based on a better understanding of weed biology and ecology can provide integrated weed management and resistance management strategies that will be more sustainable than the technologies that are now failing.</abstract><cop>New York, USA</cop><pub>The Weed Science Society of America</pub><doi>10.1017/wsc.2017.78</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0043-1745 |
ispartof | Weed science, 2018-05, Vol.66 (3), p.275-285 |
issn | 0043-1745 1550-2759 1550-2759 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2071270314 |
source | Cambridge Journals Online; JSTOR |
subjects | Agricultural management Agricultural production Agriculture Automation Big Data Biological control Biology biopesticides competition Crops Ecology Food Food production Genetic engineering Global positioning systems GPS Herbicide resistance Herbicides Information systems information technology Innovations Life sciences Machine vision Management systems Natural products New technology novel herbicides Organic chemistry Pesticides Plant pathology Population precision agriculture Product development robotics student training Students SYMPOSIUM Trends Weed control Weeds World population |
title | Weed Management in 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-13T19%3A11%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Weed%20Management%20in%202050:%20Perspectives%20on%20the%20Future%20of%20Weed%20Science&rft.jtitle=Weed%20science&rft.au=Westwood,%20James%20H&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.epage=285&rft.pages=275-285&rft.issn=0043-1745&rft.eissn=1550-2759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/wsc.2017.78&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E26505840%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2071270314&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_cupid=10_1017_wsc_2017_78&rft_jstor_id=26505840&rfr_iscdi=true |