Nitrogen-containing novolac-derived carbon beads as electrode material for supercapacitors
We pyrolyzed and activated novolac beads in one single step with ammonia at different temperatures (750–950 °C), which leads to a highly porous carbon with nitrogen-doping. The chemical and physical properties were characterized and correlated with the electrochemical performance as supercapacitor e...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Carbon (New York) 2018-06, Vol.132, p.220-231 |
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| creator | Krüner, Benjamin Schreiber, Anna Tolosa, Aura Quade, Antje Badaczewski, Felix Pfaff, Torben Smarsly, Bernd M. Presser, Volker |
| description | We pyrolyzed and activated novolac beads in one single step with ammonia at different temperatures (750–950 °C), which leads to a highly porous carbon with nitrogen-doping. The chemical and physical properties were characterized and correlated with the electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The average pore size varied at 0.6–1.4 nm dependent on the synthesis temperatures. Three different electrolytes (aqueous, organic, and an ionic liquid) were tested. The specific capacitance in a symmetrical supercapacitor reached up to 173 F g−1 and was strongly dependent on the porosity of the electrode material and the kind of electrolyte. We found that the presence of nitrogen enhanced the electrochemical performance stability and led to a high specific energy of 50 Wh·kg−1 using an ionic liquid as electrolyte.
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.029 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]</description><identifier>ISSN: 0008-6223</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3891</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.029</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Activated carbon ; Ammonia ; Aqueous electrolytes ; Beads ; Carbon ; Electrochemical analysis ; Electrochemical energy storage ; Electrode materials ; Electrodes ; Electrolytes ; Ionic liquids ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen-doping ; Organic chemistry ; Physical properties ; Pore size ; Porosity ; Porous carbon ; Porous materials ; Semiconductor doping ; Supercapacitor ; Supercapacitors</subject><ispartof>Carbon (New York), 2018-06, Vol.132, p.220-231</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-6e77a62578e24c8b465afc4465c5ed97a98ccdd33e3076b534b20f5711ffc9b23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-6e77a62578e24c8b465afc4465c5ed97a98ccdd33e3076b534b20f5711ffc9b23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622318301507$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Krüner, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiber, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tolosa, Aura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quade, Antje</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badaczewski, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfaff, Torben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smarsly, Bernd M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Presser, Volker</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrogen-containing novolac-derived carbon beads as electrode material for supercapacitors</title><title>Carbon (New York)</title><description>We pyrolyzed and activated novolac beads in one single step with ammonia at different temperatures (750–950 °C), which leads to a highly porous carbon with nitrogen-doping. The chemical and physical properties were characterized and correlated with the electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The average pore size varied at 0.6–1.4 nm dependent on the synthesis temperatures. Three different electrolytes (aqueous, organic, and an ionic liquid) were tested. The specific capacitance in a symmetrical supercapacitor reached up to 173 F g−1 and was strongly dependent on the porosity of the electrode material and the kind of electrolyte. We found that the presence of nitrogen enhanced the electrochemical performance stability and led to a high specific energy of 50 Wh·kg−1 using an ionic liquid as electrolyte.
[Display omitted]</description><subject>Activated carbon</subject><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Aqueous electrolytes</subject><subject>Beads</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Electrochemical analysis</subject><subject>Electrochemical energy storage</subject><subject>Electrode materials</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electrolytes</subject><subject>Ionic liquids</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen-doping</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Pore size</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Porous carbon</subject><subject>Porous materials</subject><subject>Semiconductor doping</subject><subject>Supercapacitor</subject><subject>Supercapacitors</subject><issn>0008-6223</issn><issn>1873-3891</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UE1LxDAUDKLguvoPPAQ8t-ajbdKLIOIXLHrRi5eQJq9LSjepSXfBf2-WehYGhgcz85hB6JqSkhLa3A6l0bELvmSEypKwjPYEragUvOCypadoRQiRRcMYP0cXKQ35rCStVujrzc0xbMEXJvhZO-_8FvtwCKM2hYXoDmDxko470DZhnTCMYLLLAt7pOWv0iPsQcdpPEI2etHFziOkSnfV6THD1x2v0-fT48fBSbN6fXx_uN4Xhgs9FA0LohtVCAquM7Kqm1r2pMpkabCt0K42xlnPgRDRdzauOkb4WlPa9aTvG1-hmyZ1i-N5DmtUQ9tHnl4oRQVra8ow1qhaViSGlCL2aotvp-KMoUccV1aCWnuq4oiIs42i7W2yQGxwcRJWMA2_AuphHUDa4_wN-AbN5fj0</recordid><startdate>20180601</startdate><enddate>20180601</enddate><creator>Krüner, Benjamin</creator><creator>Schreiber, Anna</creator><creator>Tolosa, Aura</creator><creator>Quade, Antje</creator><creator>Badaczewski, Felix</creator><creator>Pfaff, Torben</creator><creator>Smarsly, Bernd M.</creator><creator>Presser, Volker</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180601</creationdate><title>Nitrogen-containing novolac-derived carbon beads as electrode material for supercapacitors</title><author>Krüner, Benjamin ; Schreiber, Anna ; Tolosa, Aura ; Quade, Antje ; Badaczewski, Felix ; Pfaff, Torben ; Smarsly, Bernd M. ; Presser, Volker</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-6e77a62578e24c8b465afc4465c5ed97a98ccdd33e3076b534b20f5711ffc9b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Activated carbon</topic><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Aqueous electrolytes</topic><topic>Beads</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Electrochemical analysis</topic><topic>Electrochemical energy storage</topic><topic>Electrode materials</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>Electrolytes</topic><topic>Ionic liquids</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen-doping</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Physical properties</topic><topic>Pore size</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Porous carbon</topic><topic>Porous materials</topic><topic>Semiconductor doping</topic><topic>Supercapacitor</topic><topic>Supercapacitors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Krüner, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiber, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tolosa, Aura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quade, Antje</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badaczewski, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfaff, Torben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smarsly, Bernd M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Presser, Volker</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Carbon (New York)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Krüner, Benjamin</au><au>Schreiber, Anna</au><au>Tolosa, Aura</au><au>Quade, Antje</au><au>Badaczewski, Felix</au><au>Pfaff, Torben</au><au>Smarsly, Bernd M.</au><au>Presser, Volker</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitrogen-containing novolac-derived carbon beads as electrode material for supercapacitors</atitle><jtitle>Carbon (New York)</jtitle><date>2018-06-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>132</volume><spage>220</spage><epage>231</epage><pages>220-231</pages><issn>0008-6223</issn><eissn>1873-3891</eissn><abstract>We pyrolyzed and activated novolac beads in one single step with ammonia at different temperatures (750–950 °C), which leads to a highly porous carbon with nitrogen-doping. The chemical and physical properties were characterized and correlated with the electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The average pore size varied at 0.6–1.4 nm dependent on the synthesis temperatures. Three different electrolytes (aqueous, organic, and an ionic liquid) were tested. The specific capacitance in a symmetrical supercapacitor reached up to 173 F g−1 and was strongly dependent on the porosity of the electrode material and the kind of electrolyte. We found that the presence of nitrogen enhanced the electrochemical performance stability and led to a high specific energy of 50 Wh·kg−1 using an ionic liquid as electrolyte.
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| subjects | Activated carbon Ammonia Aqueous electrolytes Beads Carbon Electrochemical analysis Electrochemical energy storage Electrode materials Electrodes Electrolytes Ionic liquids Nitrogen Nitrogen-doping Organic chemistry Physical properties Pore size Porosity Porous carbon Porous materials Semiconductor doping Supercapacitor Supercapacitors |
| title | Nitrogen-containing novolac-derived carbon beads as electrode material for supercapacitors |
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