Nitrogen Budget and Topographic Controls on Nitrous Oxide in a Shale‐Based Watershed
The high spatial and temporal variabilities of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soil surface have made it difficult to predict flux patterns at the ecosystem scale, leading to imbalances in nitrogen (N) budgets at all scales. Our research sought to quantify topographic controls on the sources...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences 2018-06, Vol.123 (6), p.1888-1908 |
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| container_title | Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences |
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| creator | Weitzman, Julie N. Kaye, Jason P. |
| description | The high spatial and temporal variabilities of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soil surface have made it difficult to predict flux patterns at the ecosystem scale, leading to imbalances in nitrogen (N) budgets at all scales. Our research sought to quantify topographic controls on the sources or sinks of N2O in the soil profile to improve our ability to predict soil‐atmosphere N2O fluxes and their contribution to watershed N budgets. We monitored surface‐to‐atmosphere N2O fluxes for 2 years in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania. Topographically convergent flow path locations had significantly higher surface N2O flux rates than nonconvergent flow path locations in the summer, but not other seasons. Overall, N2O fluxes were a large percentage (~19%) of total ecosystem N losses, and nearly twice as large as stream N export. Surface N2O fluxes were better correlated with concentrations of O2, N2O, and NO3− in shallow soil layers ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2017JG004344 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
Soil‐atmosphere fluxes of nitrous oxide from upland topographical areas can make up a considerable proportion of watershed nitrogen exports
Topographical position, which influences flow path types and soil depth, may be a useful predictor of surface nitrous oxide fluxes
Nitrogen inputs exceed outputs at Shale Hills; ~54% of inputs are retained, suggesting high demand for available nitrogen</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-8953</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8961</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2017JG004344</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic factors ; Atmosphere ; Atmospheric pollution deposition ; Biota ; Catchment area ; Convergence ; Ecosystems ; Flow paths ; Fluxes ; Hills ; N budget ; Nitrogen ; Nitrous oxide ; Saturation ; Sedimentary rocks ; Shale ; Shales ; Soil ; Soil improvement ; Soil layers ; Soil profiles ; Soil properties ; Soil surfaces ; Soils ; Summer ; Symptoms ; Topography ; Watersheds ; Weathering</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences, 2018-06, Vol.123 (6), p.1888-1908</ispartof><rights>2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3680-3ca2ba3f725e785308f977dd688ef569f70c79621d500af71b2e758f81c2d4413</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3680-3ca2ba3f725e785308f977dd688ef569f70c79621d500af71b2e758f81c2d4413</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6554-4776</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2017JG004344$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2017JG004344$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,1432,27922,27923,45572,45573,46407,46831</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Weitzman, Julie N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaye, Jason P.</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrogen Budget and Topographic Controls on Nitrous Oxide in a Shale‐Based Watershed</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</title><description>The high spatial and temporal variabilities of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soil surface have made it difficult to predict flux patterns at the ecosystem scale, leading to imbalances in nitrogen (N) budgets at all scales. Our research sought to quantify topographic controls on the sources or sinks of N2O in the soil profile to improve our ability to predict soil‐atmosphere N2O fluxes and their contribution to watershed N budgets. We monitored surface‐to‐atmosphere N2O fluxes for 2 years in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania. Topographically convergent flow path locations had significantly higher surface N2O flux rates than nonconvergent flow path locations in the summer, but not other seasons. Overall, N2O fluxes were a large percentage (~19%) of total ecosystem N losses, and nearly twice as large as stream N export. Surface N2O fluxes were better correlated with concentrations of O2, N2O, and NO3− in shallow soil layers (<30 cm) than deeper soils. Following decades of anthropogenic atmospheric deposition and additional N from shale weathering, watershed N inputs (~8 kgN ha−1 yr−1) are greater than outputs (~3.7 kgN ha−1 yr−1). Our research revealed patterns of N cycling that are distinct from many other watersheds that have been extensively studied to understand N saturation; despite showing no other symptoms of N saturation, the watershed had high upland N2O losses, especially in convergent flow paths during summer. High upland N gas losses may be a mechanism that maintains N limitation to biota in the Shale Hills catchment.
Key Points
Soil‐atmosphere fluxes of nitrous oxide from upland topographical areas can make up a considerable proportion of watershed nitrogen exports
Topographical position, which influences flow path types and soil depth, may be a useful predictor of surface nitrous oxide fluxes
Nitrogen inputs exceed outputs at Shale Hills; ~54% of inputs are retained, suggesting high demand for available nitrogen</description><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution deposition</subject><subject>Biota</subject><subject>Catchment area</subject><subject>Convergence</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Flow paths</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>Hills</subject><subject>N budget</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrous oxide</subject><subject>Saturation</subject><subject>Sedimentary rocks</subject><subject>Shale</subject><subject>Shales</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil improvement</subject><subject>Soil layers</subject><subject>Soil profiles</subject><subject>Soil properties</subject><subject>Soil surfaces</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>Topography</subject><subject>Watersheds</subject><subject>Weathering</subject><issn>2169-8953</issn><issn>2169-8961</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90M1KAzEQB_AgChbtzQcIeHU1X5tkj7boaikWtOoxpJuk3bJu1mQX7c1H8Bl9Elcr4sm5zDD8mIE_AEcYnWJEsjOCsJjkCDHK2A4YEMyzRGYc7_7OKd0HwxjXqC_ZrzAegIebsg1-aWs46szStlDXBs5945dBN6uygGNf96CK0Nfw23YRzl5LY2FZQw3vVrqyH2_vIx2tgY-6tSGurDkEe05X0Q5_-gG4v7yYj6-S6Sy_Hp9PE025RAktNFlo6gRJrZApRdJlQhjDpbQu5ZkTqBAZJ9ikCGkn8IJYkUoncUEMY5gegOPt3Sb4587GVq19F-r-pSKIZ0wwylmvTraqCD7GYJ1qQvmkw0ZhpL7CU3_D6znd8peyspt_rZrktznBmCP6CUd-b1Y</recordid><startdate>201806</startdate><enddate>201806</enddate><creator>Weitzman, Julie N.</creator><creator>Kaye, Jason P.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-4776</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201806</creationdate><title>Nitrogen Budget and Topographic Controls on Nitrous Oxide in a Shale‐Based Watershed</title><author>Weitzman, Julie N. ; Kaye, Jason P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a3680-3ca2ba3f725e785308f977dd688ef569f70c79621d500af71b2e758f81c2d4413</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Atmosphere</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution deposition</topic><topic>Biota</topic><topic>Catchment area</topic><topic>Convergence</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Flow paths</topic><topic>Fluxes</topic><topic>Hills</topic><topic>N budget</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrous oxide</topic><topic>Saturation</topic><topic>Sedimentary rocks</topic><topic>Shale</topic><topic>Shales</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil improvement</topic><topic>Soil layers</topic><topic>Soil profiles</topic><topic>Soil properties</topic><topic>Soil surfaces</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Symptoms</topic><topic>Topography</topic><topic>Watersheds</topic><topic>Weathering</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Weitzman, Julie N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaye, Jason P.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Weitzman, Julie N.</au><au>Kaye, Jason P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitrogen Budget and Topographic Controls on Nitrous Oxide in a Shale‐Based Watershed</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</jtitle><date>2018-06</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>123</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1888</spage><epage>1908</epage><pages>1888-1908</pages><issn>2169-8953</issn><eissn>2169-8961</eissn><abstract>The high spatial and temporal variabilities of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soil surface have made it difficult to predict flux patterns at the ecosystem scale, leading to imbalances in nitrogen (N) budgets at all scales. Our research sought to quantify topographic controls on the sources or sinks of N2O in the soil profile to improve our ability to predict soil‐atmosphere N2O fluxes and their contribution to watershed N budgets. We monitored surface‐to‐atmosphere N2O fluxes for 2 years in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania. Topographically convergent flow path locations had significantly higher surface N2O flux rates than nonconvergent flow path locations in the summer, but not other seasons. Overall, N2O fluxes were a large percentage (~19%) of total ecosystem N losses, and nearly twice as large as stream N export. Surface N2O fluxes were better correlated with concentrations of O2, N2O, and NO3− in shallow soil layers (<30 cm) than deeper soils. Following decades of anthropogenic atmospheric deposition and additional N from shale weathering, watershed N inputs (~8 kgN ha−1 yr−1) are greater than outputs (~3.7 kgN ha−1 yr−1). Our research revealed patterns of N cycling that are distinct from many other watersheds that have been extensively studied to understand N saturation; despite showing no other symptoms of N saturation, the watershed had high upland N2O losses, especially in convergent flow paths during summer. High upland N gas losses may be a mechanism that maintains N limitation to biota in the Shale Hills catchment.
Key Points
Soil‐atmosphere fluxes of nitrous oxide from upland topographical areas can make up a considerable proportion of watershed nitrogen exports
Topographical position, which influences flow path types and soil depth, may be a useful predictor of surface nitrous oxide fluxes
Nitrogen inputs exceed outputs at Shale Hills; ~54% of inputs are retained, suggesting high demand for available nitrogen</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2017JG004344</doi><tpages>21</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-4776</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anthropogenic factors Atmosphere Atmospheric pollution deposition Biota Catchment area Convergence Ecosystems Flow paths Fluxes Hills N budget Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Saturation Sedimentary rocks Shale Shales Soil Soil improvement Soil layers Soil profiles Soil properties Soil surfaces Soils Summer Symptoms Topography Watersheds Weathering |
| title | Nitrogen Budget and Topographic Controls on Nitrous Oxide in a Shale‐Based Watershed |
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