Fabrication of biodegradable materials with high strength by grain refinement of Mg–0.3 at.% Ca alloys

•Severe plastic deformation after Ca alloying contributes to ultra grain refinement.•Minor effects of alloying on the Hall–Petch Parameter are demonstrated.•Mg-Ca alloy with fine grains achieved tensile yield stress over 400 MPa. The effect of grain refinement on the yield stress of magnesium with c...

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