Trends in infants reported to child welfare with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
Substance abuse among caregivers is a known risk factor for child maltreatment, and some of these children subsequently come to the attention of the child welfare system. The recent opioid epidemic has led to rising numbers of women who use opioids during pregnancy and infants born with neonatal abs...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Children and youth services review 2018-02, Vol.86, p.135-141 |
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| creator | Lynch, Sean Sherman, Laura Snyder, Susan M. Mattson, Margaret |
| description | Substance abuse among caregivers is a known risk factor for child maltreatment, and some of these children subsequently come to the attention of the child welfare system. The recent opioid epidemic has led to rising numbers of women who use opioids during pregnancy and infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), raising the question of whether there has been a consequent rise in the numbers of these infants reported to the child welfare system. The purpose of this study is to examine the trend in the number and percentage of infants reported to the child welfare system with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) from 2004 to 2014, and determine whether the trend is distinct from the trend in the percentage of infants reported with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
We analyzed National Child Abuse & Neglect Data System (NCANDS) data on reports of infants (aged |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.01.035 |
| format | Article |
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We analyzed National Child Abuse & Neglect Data System (NCANDS) data on reports of infants (aged <1 year) with NAS between 2004 and 2014. Due to state differences in data collection and data quality across the study period, the sample included reports from 10 states. We utilized a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model approach to examine the trend over time in the percentage of NAS and FASD cases reported to child welfare in our 10 state sample. Year was used as an identifying variable and Substance Type was repeated over time and clustered by State.
The number of reports of infants with NAS for the 10 states was the lowest at 3073 in 2009 and highest at 4806 in 2014. The average percentage of cases of NAS reported rose from 4.72% in 2004 to 9.19% in 2014. The results of the GEE revealed a significant main effect of Substance Type (p = 0.015) and Year (p = 0.009), indicating that overall, averaged across time, the percentage of NAS reports was greater than the percentage of FASD reports and averaged across substance type, the percentage of substance-related reports increased over time.
NAS reports increased significantly over time, most pronounced between 2010 and 2014, while the trend for FASD reports did not show significant change over the study period. Moreover, the child welfare reports data obtained from the 10 state sample aligned with national NAS incidence data. Although recent efforts to curb prescribing and other means of supply have been implemented, it remains to be seen whether the large rise seen will continue or be ameliorated by these public health initiatives. However, overall these findings suggest that immediate efforts are needed to prepare the child welfare system for this trend, as well as to treat opioid addiction among women of child bearing age.
•The number of reports of infants with NAS for the 10 states was the highest at 4806 in 2014.•The average percentage of cases of NAS reported rose from 4.72% in 2004 to 9.19% in 2014.•The average percentage of NAS reports increased over time.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0190-7409</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7765</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.01.035</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Addictions ; Alcohol abuse ; Alcohol use ; Babies ; Caregivers ; Child abuse & neglect ; Child welfare ; Children ; Data collection ; Data quality ; Drug withdrawal ; Epidemics ; Females ; Fetal alcohol syndrome ; Health care policy ; Health initiatives ; Infants ; Mothers ; Neonatal abstinence syndrome ; Opioids ; Pregnancy ; Prescribing ; Public health ; Risk factors ; Substance abuse ; Time ; Trends ; Welfare state ; Women</subject><ispartof>Children and youth services review, 2018-02, Vol.86, p.135-141</ispartof><rights>2018</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Feb 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c346t-bf0b5a49f45d5e1ffd8ecf8d3b81b09df1a81fe10fe91c687794e4d88fff2b823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c346t-bf0b5a49f45d5e1ffd8ecf8d3b81b09df1a81fe10fe91c687794e4d88fff2b823</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4116-002X ; 0000-0002-6909-336X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.01.035$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27866,27924,27925,30999,33774,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lynch, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sherman, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snyder, Susan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattson, Margaret</creatorcontrib><title>Trends in infants reported to child welfare with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)</title><title>Children and youth services review</title><description>Substance abuse among caregivers is a known risk factor for child maltreatment, and some of these children subsequently come to the attention of the child welfare system. The recent opioid epidemic has led to rising numbers of women who use opioids during pregnancy and infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), raising the question of whether there has been a consequent rise in the numbers of these infants reported to the child welfare system. The purpose of this study is to examine the trend in the number and percentage of infants reported to the child welfare system with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) from 2004 to 2014, and determine whether the trend is distinct from the trend in the percentage of infants reported with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
We analyzed National Child Abuse & Neglect Data System (NCANDS) data on reports of infants (aged <1 year) with NAS between 2004 and 2014. Due to state differences in data collection and data quality across the study period, the sample included reports from 10 states. We utilized a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model approach to examine the trend over time in the percentage of NAS and FASD cases reported to child welfare in our 10 state sample. Year was used as an identifying variable and Substance Type was repeated over time and clustered by State.
The number of reports of infants with NAS for the 10 states was the lowest at 3073 in 2009 and highest at 4806 in 2014. The average percentage of cases of NAS reported rose from 4.72% in 2004 to 9.19% in 2014. The results of the GEE revealed a significant main effect of Substance Type (p = 0.015) and Year (p = 0.009), indicating that overall, averaged across time, the percentage of NAS reports was greater than the percentage of FASD reports and averaged across substance type, the percentage of substance-related reports increased over time.
NAS reports increased significantly over time, most pronounced between 2010 and 2014, while the trend for FASD reports did not show significant change over the study period. Moreover, the child welfare reports data obtained from the 10 state sample aligned with national NAS incidence data. Although recent efforts to curb prescribing and other means of supply have been implemented, it remains to be seen whether the large rise seen will continue or be ameliorated by these public health initiatives. However, overall these findings suggest that immediate efforts are needed to prepare the child welfare system for this trend, as well as to treat opioid addiction among women of child bearing age.
•The number of reports of infants with NAS for the 10 states was the highest at 4806 in 2014.•The average percentage of cases of NAS reported rose from 4.72% in 2004 to 9.19% in 2014.•The average percentage of NAS reports increased over time.</description><subject>Addictions</subject><subject>Alcohol abuse</subject><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Caregivers</subject><subject>Child abuse & neglect</subject><subject>Child welfare</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Data quality</subject><subject>Drug withdrawal</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Fetal alcohol syndrome</subject><subject>Health care policy</subject><subject>Health initiatives</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Neonatal abstinence syndrome</subject><subject>Opioids</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Prescribing</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Substance abuse</subject><subject>Time</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Welfare state</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>0190-7409</issn><issn>1873-7765</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEUhYMoWKv_IeBGFzPezDOzrMUXiC5a1yEzuaEZpklNUkv_vVMruBQunM0553I-QiiDlAGr7vq0W5lB7d02rtIMGE-BpZCXJ2TCeJ0ndV2Vp2QCrIGkLqA5Jxch9ABQVmU2IYulR6sCNXY8LW0M1OPG-YiKRkd_uukOBy090p2JK2rRWRnlQGUborFoO6Rhb5V3a6Q3b7PF7SU503IIePWrU_Lx-LCcPyev708v89lr0uVFFZNWQ1vKotFFqUpkWiuOneYqbzlroVGaSc40MtDYsK7idd0UWCjOtdZZy7N8Sq6PvRvvPrcYoujd1tvxpcigqvOygQpGFz-6Ou9C8KjFxpu19HvBQBwQil78IRQHhAKYGBGO0ftjFMcVXwa9CJ05DFbGYxeFcub_km9PLoDU</recordid><startdate>201802</startdate><enddate>201802</enddate><creator>Lynch, Sean</creator><creator>Sherman, Laura</creator><creator>Snyder, Susan M.</creator><creator>Mattson, Margaret</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4116-002X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-336X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201802</creationdate><title>Trends in infants reported to child welfare with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)</title><author>Lynch, Sean ; Sherman, Laura ; Snyder, Susan M. ; Mattson, Margaret</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c346t-bf0b5a49f45d5e1ffd8ecf8d3b81b09df1a81fe10fe91c687794e4d88fff2b823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Addictions</topic><topic>Alcohol abuse</topic><topic>Alcohol use</topic><topic>Babies</topic><topic>Caregivers</topic><topic>Child abuse & neglect</topic><topic>Child welfare</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Data quality</topic><topic>Drug withdrawal</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Fetal alcohol syndrome</topic><topic>Health care policy</topic><topic>Health initiatives</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Neonatal abstinence syndrome</topic><topic>Opioids</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Prescribing</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Substance abuse</topic><topic>Time</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Welfare state</topic><topic>Women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lynch, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sherman, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snyder, Susan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattson, Margaret</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><jtitle>Children and youth services review</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lynch, Sean</au><au>Sherman, Laura</au><au>Snyder, Susan M.</au><au>Mattson, Margaret</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trends in infants reported to child welfare with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)</atitle><jtitle>Children and youth services review</jtitle><date>2018-02</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>86</volume><spage>135</spage><epage>141</epage><pages>135-141</pages><issn>0190-7409</issn><eissn>1873-7765</eissn><abstract>Substance abuse among caregivers is a known risk factor for child maltreatment, and some of these children subsequently come to the attention of the child welfare system. The recent opioid epidemic has led to rising numbers of women who use opioids during pregnancy and infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), raising the question of whether there has been a consequent rise in the numbers of these infants reported to the child welfare system. The purpose of this study is to examine the trend in the number and percentage of infants reported to the child welfare system with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) from 2004 to 2014, and determine whether the trend is distinct from the trend in the percentage of infants reported with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
We analyzed National Child Abuse & Neglect Data System (NCANDS) data on reports of infants (aged <1 year) with NAS between 2004 and 2014. Due to state differences in data collection and data quality across the study period, the sample included reports from 10 states. We utilized a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model approach to examine the trend over time in the percentage of NAS and FASD cases reported to child welfare in our 10 state sample. Year was used as an identifying variable and Substance Type was repeated over time and clustered by State.
The number of reports of infants with NAS for the 10 states was the lowest at 3073 in 2009 and highest at 4806 in 2014. The average percentage of cases of NAS reported rose from 4.72% in 2004 to 9.19% in 2014. The results of the GEE revealed a significant main effect of Substance Type (p = 0.015) and Year (p = 0.009), indicating that overall, averaged across time, the percentage of NAS reports was greater than the percentage of FASD reports and averaged across substance type, the percentage of substance-related reports increased over time.
NAS reports increased significantly over time, most pronounced between 2010 and 2014, while the trend for FASD reports did not show significant change over the study period. Moreover, the child welfare reports data obtained from the 10 state sample aligned with national NAS incidence data. Although recent efforts to curb prescribing and other means of supply have been implemented, it remains to be seen whether the large rise seen will continue or be ameliorated by these public health initiatives. However, overall these findings suggest that immediate efforts are needed to prepare the child welfare system for this trend, as well as to treat opioid addiction among women of child bearing age.
•The number of reports of infants with NAS for the 10 states was the highest at 4806 in 2014.•The average percentage of cases of NAS reported rose from 4.72% in 2004 to 9.19% in 2014.•The average percentage of NAS reports increased over time.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.01.035</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4116-002X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-336X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete; PAIS Index; Sociological Abstracts; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Addictions Alcohol abuse Alcohol use Babies Caregivers Child abuse & neglect Child welfare Children Data collection Data quality Drug withdrawal Epidemics Females Fetal alcohol syndrome Health care policy Health initiatives Infants Mothers Neonatal abstinence syndrome Opioids Pregnancy Prescribing Public health Risk factors Substance abuse Time Trends Welfare state Women |
| title | Trends in infants reported to child welfare with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) |
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