Examples of Fatimid Realpolitik
Let us look at this more closely. The [Oh Shi]...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq died in 148/765 after which his Da...wa split into two major factions disputing the succession of his sons Isma...il and Musa. Ja...far's two eldest sons, ...Abd Allah and Isma...il were by his first wife Fatima bint al-H...
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| description | Let us look at this more closely. The [Oh Shi]...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq died in 148/765 after which his Da...wa split into two major factions disputing the succession of his sons Isma...il and Musa. Ja...far's two eldest sons, ...Abd Allah and Isma...il were by his first wife Fatima bint al-Husayn b. al-Hasan b. Ali b.Abi Talib. It seems from our sources that Ja...far had designated his second son Isma...il for succession as Imam.(1) However, Isma...il died in 145/762 during his father's lifetime.(2) A conflict then arose on the question whether Isma...il's son [Imam Muhammad] or the former's brother Musa should succeed. It seems that there was a compromise arrived at for uniting the Shi...i ranks under the Imamate of Ja...far's eldest son ...Abd Allah.(3) ...Abd Allah did not live long(4) and the conflict now re-surfaced in the Da...wa. Those supporting Musa, were later called Ithna ...Ashariya and others supporting Muhammad, the son of the deceased Isma...il, were known as the Isma...iliya. One faction of the Isma...iliya, namely alMubarakiya, believed in the return of Muhammad b. Isma...il after he went underground and disappeared. This doctrine was restated by the Qarmatians a century and a half later and is considered the original doctrine of the Isma...ilis by S. M. Stern(5) and Wilfred Madelung(6). The Fatimid al-[Al-Mahdi] is claimed by them to have reneged on it. The implication of this interpretation is that since Muhammad b. Isma...il never returned, the Fatimids had neither doctrinal nor physical continuity from the early Shi...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq. The question arises that if al-Mahdi's ancestor was ...Abd Allah, then why did the movement originally center on Muhammad b. Isma...il? Al-Mahdi's letter explains the zig-zag succession between the lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il and it is quite likely that on the disappearance of Muhammad b. Isma...il, ...Abd Allah's son, ...Abd Allah II assumed Imamate and the leadership of the movement. The two lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il appear in the letter to be closely cooperating during the satr period, which could have been the origin of the theory of the mustaqarr (real) and mustawda... (trustee) Imams. When al-Mahdi states that his ancestor ...Abd Allah was also called Isma...il,(12) he wanted to capitalize on the prestige of the original nass by Ja...far al-Sadiq on Isma...il. When alMahdi says that the name Muhammad was constantly used in the satr period for the Imams,(13) it was a con |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1949-3606.1998.tb00338.x |
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The [Oh Shi]...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq died in 148/765 after which his Da...wa split into two major factions disputing the succession of his sons Isma...il and Musa. Ja...far's two eldest sons, ...Abd Allah and Isma...il were by his first wife Fatima bint al-Husayn b. al-Hasan b. Ali b.Abi Talib. It seems from our sources that Ja...far had designated his second son Isma...il for succession as Imam.(1) However, Isma...il died in 145/762 during his father's lifetime.(2) A conflict then arose on the question whether Isma...il's son [Imam Muhammad] or the former's brother Musa should succeed. It seems that there was a compromise arrived at for uniting the Shi...i ranks under the Imamate of Ja...far's eldest son ...Abd Allah.(3) ...Abd Allah did not live long(4) and the conflict now re-surfaced in the Da...wa. Those supporting Musa, were later called Ithna ...Ashariya and others supporting Muhammad, the son of the deceased Isma...il, were known as the Isma...iliya. One faction of the Isma...iliya, namely alMubarakiya, believed in the return of Muhammad b. Isma...il after he went underground and disappeared. This doctrine was restated by the Qarmatians a century and a half later and is considered the original doctrine of the Isma...ilis by S. M. Stern(5) and Wilfred Madelung(6). The Fatimid al-[Al-Mahdi] is claimed by them to have reneged on it. The implication of this interpretation is that since Muhammad b. Isma...il never returned, the Fatimids had neither doctrinal nor physical continuity from the early Shi...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq. The question arises that if al-Mahdi's ancestor was ...Abd Allah, then why did the movement originally center on Muhammad b. Isma...il? Al-Mahdi's letter explains the zig-zag succession between the lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il and it is quite likely that on the disappearance of Muhammad b. Isma...il, ...Abd Allah's son, ...Abd Allah II assumed Imamate and the leadership of the movement. The two lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il appear in the letter to be closely cooperating during the satr period, which could have been the origin of the theory of the mustaqarr (real) and mustawda... (trustee) Imams. When al-Mahdi states that his ancestor ...Abd Allah was also called Isma...il,(12) he wanted to capitalize on the prestige of the original nass by Ja...far al-Sadiq on Isma...il. When alMahdi says that the name Muhammad was constantly used in the satr period for the Imams,(13) it was a convenient on-going cover for the Imams in hiding. The Mahdi also says that these Imams took the names of their hujjas (i.e. missioners) such as Mubarak, Maymum, and Sa...id as their cover names for their protection,(14) which may have been exploited by authors such as Ibn Rizam and Akhu Muhsin to weave the legend of the Qaddakid origin of the Fatimid Caliphs. When Heinz Halm, in his recent book The Empire of the Mahdi, posits the name ...Abd Allah al-Akbar as the ancestor of al-Mahdi, he does not mean ...Abd Allah b. Maymun al-Qaddah but some ...Abd Allah whose time period was close to the time of al-Mahdi. I should think he is ...Abd Allah II, at a much earlier period.(15) The third and final example of Fatimid realpolitik concerns their desperate approach to the last Buyids to stem the tide of the impending Saljuq conquest of Iran and then Baghdad. The ...Abbasid Caliph al-Qa'im (422-467/1031-1075) had begun to free himself from the tutelage imposed on him by the Iranian Shiite Buyids. He invited the Turkish Saljuqs, recently successful in Khurasan and Iran to take Baghdad from the Buyids. As a first step towards this, the Caliph, appointed as his advisor, Ibn al-Muslima,(36) an avowed enemy of the last Buyids and the chief promoter of ...Abbasid-Saljuq entente. Ibn al-Muslima was given the title of Ra'is al-ru'asa (the Chief of the all chiefs). He acted as the Caliph's special agent and envoy. One of his first acts was to oust the Buyid commander alBasasiri(37) from Baghdad on suspicion of Fatimid sympathies. Ibn alMuslima was also responsible for bringing pressure on the penultimate Buyid Amir, Abu Kalijar to expel from his court a Fatimid agent al-Mu'ayyad fi'd-din al-Shirazi (d. 470/1077).(38) This alMu'ayyad later became the Chief Daci of the Fatimids and was charged with planning, with the help of the above-mentioned alBasasiri, a Fatimid invasion of Baghdad in 450/1058. The story of this invasion is told in detail in al-Mu'ayyad's autobiography (Sira). This invasion succeeded in occupying Baghdad and holding alQa'im prisoner for one year. Next year, Tughril defeated the Fatimid forces, took Baghdad and restored al-Qa'im to the ...Abbasid throne. Failure at Baghdad proved disasterous for the Fatimid Caliphate and can be counted as one of the causes of the decline and downfall of that Caliphate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1060-4367</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1949-3606</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1949-3606.1998.tb00338.x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Africa ; Government ; History ; International relations ; Politics ; Turkish language</subject><ispartof>Domes (Milwaukee, Wis.), 1998-10, Vol.7 (4), p.1-12</ispartof><rights>1998 Policy Studies Organization</rights><rights>Copyright University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Oct 31, 1998</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1949-3606.1998.tb00338.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1949-3606.1998.tb00338.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hamdani, Abbas</creatorcontrib><title>Examples of Fatimid Realpolitik</title><title>Domes (Milwaukee, Wis.)</title><description>Let us look at this more closely. The [Oh Shi]...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq died in 148/765 after which his Da...wa split into two major factions disputing the succession of his sons Isma...il and Musa. Ja...far's two eldest sons, ...Abd Allah and Isma...il were by his first wife Fatima bint al-Husayn b. al-Hasan b. Ali b.Abi Talib. It seems from our sources that Ja...far had designated his second son Isma...il for succession as Imam.(1) However, Isma...il died in 145/762 during his father's lifetime.(2) A conflict then arose on the question whether Isma...il's son [Imam Muhammad] or the former's brother Musa should succeed. It seems that there was a compromise arrived at for uniting the Shi...i ranks under the Imamate of Ja...far's eldest son ...Abd Allah.(3) ...Abd Allah did not live long(4) and the conflict now re-surfaced in the Da...wa. Those supporting Musa, were later called Ithna ...Ashariya and others supporting Muhammad, the son of the deceased Isma...il, were known as the Isma...iliya. One faction of the Isma...iliya, namely alMubarakiya, believed in the return of Muhammad b. Isma...il after he went underground and disappeared. This doctrine was restated by the Qarmatians a century and a half later and is considered the original doctrine of the Isma...ilis by S. M. Stern(5) and Wilfred Madelung(6). The Fatimid al-[Al-Mahdi] is claimed by them to have reneged on it. The implication of this interpretation is that since Muhammad b. Isma...il never returned, the Fatimids had neither doctrinal nor physical continuity from the early Shi...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq. The question arises that if al-Mahdi's ancestor was ...Abd Allah, then why did the movement originally center on Muhammad b. Isma...il? Al-Mahdi's letter explains the zig-zag succession between the lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il and it is quite likely that on the disappearance of Muhammad b. Isma...il, ...Abd Allah's son, ...Abd Allah II assumed Imamate and the leadership of the movement. The two lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il appear in the letter to be closely cooperating during the satr period, which could have been the origin of the theory of the mustaqarr (real) and mustawda... (trustee) Imams. When al-Mahdi states that his ancestor ...Abd Allah was also called Isma...il,(12) he wanted to capitalize on the prestige of the original nass by Ja...far al-Sadiq on Isma...il. When alMahdi says that the name Muhammad was constantly used in the satr period for the Imams,(13) it was a convenient on-going cover for the Imams in hiding. The Mahdi also says that these Imams took the names of their hujjas (i.e. missioners) such as Mubarak, Maymum, and Sa...id as their cover names for their protection,(14) which may have been exploited by authors such as Ibn Rizam and Akhu Muhsin to weave the legend of the Qaddakid origin of the Fatimid Caliphs. When Heinz Halm, in his recent book The Empire of the Mahdi, posits the name ...Abd Allah al-Akbar as the ancestor of al-Mahdi, he does not mean ...Abd Allah b. Maymun al-Qaddah but some ...Abd Allah whose time period was close to the time of al-Mahdi. I should think he is ...Abd Allah II, at a much earlier period.(15) The third and final example of Fatimid realpolitik concerns their desperate approach to the last Buyids to stem the tide of the impending Saljuq conquest of Iran and then Baghdad. The ...Abbasid Caliph al-Qa'im (422-467/1031-1075) had begun to free himself from the tutelage imposed on him by the Iranian Shiite Buyids. He invited the Turkish Saljuqs, recently successful in Khurasan and Iran to take Baghdad from the Buyids. As a first step towards this, the Caliph, appointed as his advisor, Ibn al-Muslima,(36) an avowed enemy of the last Buyids and the chief promoter of ...Abbasid-Saljuq entente. Ibn al-Muslima was given the title of Ra'is al-ru'asa (the Chief of the all chiefs). He acted as the Caliph's special agent and envoy. One of his first acts was to oust the Buyid commander alBasasiri(37) from Baghdad on suspicion of Fatimid sympathies. Ibn alMuslima was also responsible for bringing pressure on the penultimate Buyid Amir, Abu Kalijar to expel from his court a Fatimid agent al-Mu'ayyad fi'd-din al-Shirazi (d. 470/1077).(38) This alMu'ayyad later became the Chief Daci of the Fatimids and was charged with planning, with the help of the above-mentioned alBasasiri, a Fatimid invasion of Baghdad in 450/1058. The story of this invasion is told in detail in al-Mu'ayyad's autobiography (Sira). This invasion succeeded in occupying Baghdad and holding alQa'im prisoner for one year. Next year, Tughril defeated the Fatimid forces, took Baghdad and restored al-Qa'im to the ...Abbasid throne. Failure at Baghdad proved disasterous for the Fatimid Caliphate and can be counted as one of the causes of the decline and downfall of that Caliphate.</description><subject>Africa</subject><subject>Government</subject><subject>History</subject><subject>International relations</subject><subject>Politics</subject><subject>Turkish language</subject><issn>1060-4367</issn><issn>1949-3606</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>LD-</sourceid><sourceid>LD.</sourceid><sourceid>QXPDG</sourceid><recordid>eNqVUE1Lw0AUXETBWv0Nlt4T9yO7m_UiUtuq1BZE8fjYJLuQNDUxm2L6792Q0rvv8gbezDxmEJoSHBI_d0VIVKQCJrDwSMVhm2DMWBx2Z2h0Op17jAUOIibkJbpyrsCeJYkaodt5p3d1adykspOFbvNdnk3ejS7rqszbfHuNLqwunbk57jH6XMw_Zs_BarN8mT2ugpRGNA7iRAtqrIwZFlmUkohImRhFcJoxSq1OM5sxkmlrNKEa24STxEqOsRJEskyxMZoOvnVT_eyNa6Go9s23fwkUcxwRLogn3Q-ktKmca4yFusl3ujkAwdD3AQX0oaEPDX0fcOwDOi9-GMS_eWkO_1DC0-Zt7pF3CAaH3LWmOznoZgtCMsnha70ExdZLyvkrPLE_M5t1fQ</recordid><startdate>19981001</startdate><enddate>19981001</enddate><creator>Hamdani, Abbas</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AIMQZ</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DPSOV</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>KC-</scope><scope>LD-</scope><scope>LD.</scope><scope>LIQON</scope><scope>M2L</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>QXPDG</scope><scope>S0X</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19981001</creationdate><title>Examples of Fatimid Realpolitik</title><author>Hamdani, Abbas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2428-8ba62ef78306d4c14177be910cd322facdfd31dafea12a0fb51bf750096173d93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Africa</topic><topic>Government</topic><topic>History</topic><topic>International relations</topic><topic>Politics</topic><topic>Turkish language</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hamdani, Abbas</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest One Literature</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Politics Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Politics Collection</collection><collection>Ethnic NewsWatch</collection><collection>Ethnic NewsWatch (Alumni)</collection><collection>One Literature (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Political Science Database</collection><collection>Social Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Diversity Collection</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>Domes (Milwaukee, Wis.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hamdani, Abbas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Examples of Fatimid Realpolitik</atitle><jtitle>Domes (Milwaukee, Wis.)</jtitle><date>1998-10-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>12</epage><pages>1-12</pages><issn>1060-4367</issn><eissn>1949-3606</eissn><abstract>Let us look at this more closely. The [Oh Shi]...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq died in 148/765 after which his Da...wa split into two major factions disputing the succession of his sons Isma...il and Musa. Ja...far's two eldest sons, ...Abd Allah and Isma...il were by his first wife Fatima bint al-Husayn b. al-Hasan b. Ali b.Abi Talib. It seems from our sources that Ja...far had designated his second son Isma...il for succession as Imam.(1) However, Isma...il died in 145/762 during his father's lifetime.(2) A conflict then arose on the question whether Isma...il's son [Imam Muhammad] or the former's brother Musa should succeed. It seems that there was a compromise arrived at for uniting the Shi...i ranks under the Imamate of Ja...far's eldest son ...Abd Allah.(3) ...Abd Allah did not live long(4) and the conflict now re-surfaced in the Da...wa. Those supporting Musa, were later called Ithna ...Ashariya and others supporting Muhammad, the son of the deceased Isma...il, were known as the Isma...iliya. One faction of the Isma...iliya, namely alMubarakiya, believed in the return of Muhammad b. Isma...il after he went underground and disappeared. This doctrine was restated by the Qarmatians a century and a half later and is considered the original doctrine of the Isma...ilis by S. M. Stern(5) and Wilfred Madelung(6). The Fatimid al-[Al-Mahdi] is claimed by them to have reneged on it. The implication of this interpretation is that since Muhammad b. Isma...il never returned, the Fatimids had neither doctrinal nor physical continuity from the early Shi...i Imam Ja...far al-Sadiq. The question arises that if al-Mahdi's ancestor was ...Abd Allah, then why did the movement originally center on Muhammad b. Isma...il? Al-Mahdi's letter explains the zig-zag succession between the lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il and it is quite likely that on the disappearance of Muhammad b. Isma...il, ...Abd Allah's son, ...Abd Allah II assumed Imamate and the leadership of the movement. The two lines of ...Abd Allah and Isma...il appear in the letter to be closely cooperating during the satr period, which could have been the origin of the theory of the mustaqarr (real) and mustawda... (trustee) Imams. When al-Mahdi states that his ancestor ...Abd Allah was also called Isma...il,(12) he wanted to capitalize on the prestige of the original nass by Ja...far al-Sadiq on Isma...il. When alMahdi says that the name Muhammad was constantly used in the satr period for the Imams,(13) it was a convenient on-going cover for the Imams in hiding. The Mahdi also says that these Imams took the names of their hujjas (i.e. missioners) such as Mubarak, Maymum, and Sa...id as their cover names for their protection,(14) which may have been exploited by authors such as Ibn Rizam and Akhu Muhsin to weave the legend of the Qaddakid origin of the Fatimid Caliphs. When Heinz Halm, in his recent book The Empire of the Mahdi, posits the name ...Abd Allah al-Akbar as the ancestor of al-Mahdi, he does not mean ...Abd Allah b. Maymun al-Qaddah but some ...Abd Allah whose time period was close to the time of al-Mahdi. I should think he is ...Abd Allah II, at a much earlier period.(15) The third and final example of Fatimid realpolitik concerns their desperate approach to the last Buyids to stem the tide of the impending Saljuq conquest of Iran and then Baghdad. The ...Abbasid Caliph al-Qa'im (422-467/1031-1075) had begun to free himself from the tutelage imposed on him by the Iranian Shiite Buyids. He invited the Turkish Saljuqs, recently successful in Khurasan and Iran to take Baghdad from the Buyids. As a first step towards this, the Caliph, appointed as his advisor, Ibn al-Muslima,(36) an avowed enemy of the last Buyids and the chief promoter of ...Abbasid-Saljuq entente. Ibn al-Muslima was given the title of Ra'is al-ru'asa (the Chief of the all chiefs). He acted as the Caliph's special agent and envoy. One of his first acts was to oust the Buyid commander alBasasiri(37) from Baghdad on suspicion of Fatimid sympathies. Ibn alMuslima was also responsible for bringing pressure on the penultimate Buyid Amir, Abu Kalijar to expel from his court a Fatimid agent al-Mu'ayyad fi'd-din al-Shirazi (d. 470/1077).(38) This alMu'ayyad later became the Chief Daci of the Fatimids and was charged with planning, with the help of the above-mentioned alBasasiri, a Fatimid invasion of Baghdad in 450/1058. The story of this invasion is told in detail in al-Mu'ayyad's autobiography (Sira). This invasion succeeded in occupying Baghdad and holding alQa'im prisoner for one year. Next year, Tughril defeated the Fatimid forces, took Baghdad and restored al-Qa'im to the ...Abbasid throne. Failure at Baghdad proved disasterous for the Fatimid Caliphate and can be counted as one of the causes of the decline and downfall of that Caliphate.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/j.1949-3606.1998.tb00338.x</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Africa Government History International relations Politics Turkish language |
| title | Examples of Fatimid Realpolitik |
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