Effects of hot water treatment on the essential oils of calamondin

Volatile constituents of calamondin peel or whole fruit were obtained by cold pressing, steam distillation, or hot water treatment at 90°C for 15 minutes followed by steam distillation. The volatile components of the essential oils were identified by direct injection coupled with gas chromatography–...

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Veröffentlicht in:Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi 2013-12, Vol.21 (4), p.363-368
Hauptverfasser: Chen, Hsin-Chun, Peng, Li-Wen, Sheu, Ming-Jen, Lin, Li-Yun, Chiang, Hsiu-Mei, Wu, Chun-Ta, Wu, Chin-Sheng, Chen, Yu-Chang
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container_issue 4
container_start_page 363
container_title Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi
container_volume 21
creator Chen, Hsin-Chun
Peng, Li-Wen
Sheu, Ming-Jen
Lin, Li-Yun
Chiang, Hsiu-Mei
Wu, Chun-Ta
Wu, Chin-Sheng
Chen, Yu-Chang
description Volatile constituents of calamondin peel or whole fruit were obtained by cold pressing, steam distillation, or hot water treatment at 90°C for 15 minutes followed by steam distillation. The volatile components of the essential oils were identified by direct injection coupled with gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. A total of 54 compounds were identified, including 13 monoterpenes, 7 monoterpene alcohols, 1 monoterpene oxide, 4 monoterpene aldehydes, 2 monoterpene ketones, 4 monoterpene esters, 12 sesquiterpenes, 3 aliphatic alcohols, 6 aliphatic aldehydes, and 2 aliphatic esters, with limonene and β-myrcene as the major compounds. The results showed that hot water treatment increased the yields of essential oils from both peel and whole fruit. The relative percentage of the principle constituents in the various prepared essential oils were similar, except for some minor compounds, including linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, and carvone, the content of which were boosted by steam distillation. Whole fruit contained higher levels of monoterpene alcohols than peel did.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.08.003
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source Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Acids
Alcohol
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Aliphatic alcohols
Aliphatic compounds
Calamondin
Carvone
Chromatography
Citrus microcarpa Bonge
Cold pressing
Constituents
Distillation
Distilled water
Essential oil
Essential oils
Esters
Flame ionization
Flame ionization detectors
Fruits
Gas chromatography
Hot water
Hydrocarbons
Ionization
Ionization counters
Ketones
Limonene
Linalool
Monoterpenes
Myrcene
Oils & fats
Sesquiterpenes
Steam distillation
Terpinene
Terpineol
Volatile
Water treatment
title Effects of hot water treatment on the essential oils of calamondin
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