Evaluation of body heating protocols with graphene heated clothing in a cold environment
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of intermittent and continuous heating protocols using graphene-heated clothing and identify more effective body region for heating in a cold environment. Design/methodology/approach Eight males participated in five experimental conditions...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of clothing science and technology 2017-11, Vol.29 (6), p.830-844 |
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| container_title | International journal of clothing science and technology |
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| creator | Shin, Sora Choi, Hae-Hyun Kim, Yung Bin Hong, Byung-Hee Lee, Joo-Young |
| description | Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of intermittent and continuous heating protocols using graphene-heated clothing and identify more effective body region for heating in a cold environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Eight males participated in five experimental conditions at an air temperature of 0.6°C with 40 percent relative humidity: no heating, continuous heating the chest, continuous heating the back, intermittent heating the chest, and intermittent heating the back.
Findings
The results showed that the electric power consumption of the intermittent heating protocol (2.49 W) was conserved by 71 percent compared to the continuous protocol (8.58 W). Rectal temperature, cardiovascular and respiratory responses showed no significant differences among the four heating conditions, while heating the back showed more beneficial effects on skin temperatures than heating the chest.
Originality/value
First of all, this study was the first report to evaluate cold protective clothing with graphene heaters. Second, the authors provided effective intermittent heating protocols in terms of reducing power consumption, which was able to be evaluated with the characteristics of fast-responsive graphene heaters. Third, an intermittent heating protocol on the back was recommended to keep a balance between saving electric power and minimizing thermal discomfort in cold environments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1108/IJCST-03-2017-0026 |
| format | Article |
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of intermittent and continuous heating protocols using graphene-heated clothing and identify more effective body region for heating in a cold environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Eight males participated in five experimental conditions at an air temperature of 0.6°C with 40 percent relative humidity: no heating, continuous heating the chest, continuous heating the back, intermittent heating the chest, and intermittent heating the back.
Findings
The results showed that the electric power consumption of the intermittent heating protocol (2.49 W) was conserved by 71 percent compared to the continuous protocol (8.58 W). Rectal temperature, cardiovascular and respiratory responses showed no significant differences among the four heating conditions, while heating the back showed more beneficial effects on skin temperatures than heating the chest.
Originality/value
First of all, this study was the first report to evaluate cold protective clothing with graphene heaters. Second, the authors provided effective intermittent heating protocols in terms of reducing power consumption, which was able to be evaluated with the characteristics of fast-responsive graphene heaters. Third, an intermittent heating protocol on the back was recommended to keep a balance between saving electric power and minimizing thermal discomfort in cold environments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0955-6222</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1758-5953</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1108/IJCST-03-2017-0026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bradford: Emerald Publishing Limited</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Body temperature ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Chest ; Cold ; Electric power ; Energy conservation ; Graphene ; Heat conductivity ; Heaters ; Heating ; Power consumption ; Protective clothing ; Relative humidity ; Skin ; Textiles ; Thermal comfort ; Underwear</subject><ispartof>International journal of clothing science and technology, 2017-11, Vol.29 (6), p.830-844</ispartof><rights>Emerald Publishing Limited</rights><rights>Emerald Publishing Limited 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-e7b3a609735d0c9d7fb904bdf82e0daec5ce900f34581d9fdc767930a8aa45a53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-e7b3a609735d0c9d7fb904bdf82e0daec5ce900f34581d9fdc767930a8aa45a53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJCST-03-2017-0026/full/html$$EHTML$$P50$$Gemerald$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,967,11635,27924,27925,52689</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shin, Sora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hae-Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yung Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Byung-Hee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Joo-Young</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of body heating protocols with graphene heated clothing in a cold environment</title><title>International journal of clothing science and technology</title><description>Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of intermittent and continuous heating protocols using graphene-heated clothing and identify more effective body region for heating in a cold environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Eight males participated in five experimental conditions at an air temperature of 0.6°C with 40 percent relative humidity: no heating, continuous heating the chest, continuous heating the back, intermittent heating the chest, and intermittent heating the back.
Findings
The results showed that the electric power consumption of the intermittent heating protocol (2.49 W) was conserved by 71 percent compared to the continuous protocol (8.58 W). Rectal temperature, cardiovascular and respiratory responses showed no significant differences among the four heating conditions, while heating the back showed more beneficial effects on skin temperatures than heating the chest.
Originality/value
First of all, this study was the first report to evaluate cold protective clothing with graphene heaters. Second, the authors provided effective intermittent heating protocols in terms of reducing power consumption, which was able to be evaluated with the characteristics of fast-responsive graphene heaters. Third, an intermittent heating protocol on the back was recommended to keep a balance between saving electric power and minimizing thermal discomfort in cold environments.</description><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Chemical vapor deposition</subject><subject>Chest</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Electric power</subject><subject>Energy conservation</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Heat conductivity</subject><subject>Heaters</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Power consumption</subject><subject>Protective clothing</subject><subject>Relative humidity</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Textiles</subject><subject>Thermal comfort</subject><subject>Underwear</subject><issn>0955-6222</issn><issn>1758-5953</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptkMFKAzEQhoMoWKsv4CngOTpJNpvNUUrVSsGDFbyFbJJtt2yTmt1W-vbutl4ET8Mw3z8zfAjdUrinFIqH2evkfUGAEwZUEgCWn6ERlaIgQgl-jkaghCA5Y-wSXbXtGgCyrBAj9Dndm2ZnujoGHCtcRnfAK9_3YYm3KXbRxqbF33W3wstktisf_HHuHbZN7FYDVwdscM857MO-TjFsfOiu0UVlmtbf_NYx-niaLiYvZP72PJs8zonlVHbEy5KbHJTkwoFVTlalgqx0VcE8OOOtsF4BVDwTBXWqclbmUnEwhTGZMIKP0d1pb__t1863nV7HXQr9Sc2AK54xSgeKnSibYtsmX-ltqjcmHTQFPRjUR4MauB4M6sFgH6KnkN_4ZBr3f-aPdf4DhsFz0A</recordid><startdate>20171130</startdate><enddate>20171130</enddate><creator>Shin, Sora</creator><creator>Choi, Hae-Hyun</creator><creator>Kim, Yung Bin</creator><creator>Hong, Byung-Hee</creator><creator>Lee, Joo-Young</creator><general>Emerald Publishing Limited</general><general>Emerald Group Publishing Limited</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0U~</scope><scope>1-H</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.0</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20171130</creationdate><title>Evaluation of body heating protocols with graphene heated clothing in a cold environment</title><author>Shin, Sora ; Choi, Hae-Hyun ; Kim, Yung Bin ; Hong, Byung-Hee ; Lee, Joo-Young</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-e7b3a609735d0c9d7fb904bdf82e0daec5ce900f34581d9fdc767930a8aa45a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Body temperature</topic><topic>Chemical vapor deposition</topic><topic>Chest</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Electric power</topic><topic>Energy conservation</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Heat conductivity</topic><topic>Heaters</topic><topic>Heating</topic><topic>Power consumption</topic><topic>Protective clothing</topic><topic>Relative humidity</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Textiles</topic><topic>Thermal comfort</topic><topic>Underwear</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shin, Sora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hae-Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yung Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Byung-Hee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Joo-Young</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Global News & ABI/Inform Professional</collection><collection>Trade PRO</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Standard</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>International journal of clothing science and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shin, Sora</au><au>Choi, Hae-Hyun</au><au>Kim, Yung Bin</au><au>Hong, Byung-Hee</au><au>Lee, Joo-Young</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of body heating protocols with graphene heated clothing in a cold environment</atitle><jtitle>International journal of clothing science and technology</jtitle><date>2017-11-30</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>830</spage><epage>844</epage><pages>830-844</pages><issn>0955-6222</issn><eissn>1758-5953</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of intermittent and continuous heating protocols using graphene-heated clothing and identify more effective body region for heating in a cold environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Eight males participated in five experimental conditions at an air temperature of 0.6°C with 40 percent relative humidity: no heating, continuous heating the chest, continuous heating the back, intermittent heating the chest, and intermittent heating the back.
Findings
The results showed that the electric power consumption of the intermittent heating protocol (2.49 W) was conserved by 71 percent compared to the continuous protocol (8.58 W). Rectal temperature, cardiovascular and respiratory responses showed no significant differences among the four heating conditions, while heating the back showed more beneficial effects on skin temperatures than heating the chest.
Originality/value
First of all, this study was the first report to evaluate cold protective clothing with graphene heaters. Second, the authors provided effective intermittent heating protocols in terms of reducing power consumption, which was able to be evaluated with the characteristics of fast-responsive graphene heaters. Third, an intermittent heating protocol on the back was recommended to keep a balance between saving electric power and minimizing thermal discomfort in cold environments.</abstract><cop>Bradford</cop><pub>Emerald Publishing Limited</pub><doi>10.1108/IJCST-03-2017-0026</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of clothing science and technology, 2017-11, Vol.29 (6), p.830-844 |
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| source | Emerald Complete Journals |
| subjects | Air temperature Body temperature Chemical vapor deposition Chest Cold Electric power Energy conservation Graphene Heat conductivity Heaters Heating Power consumption Protective clothing Relative humidity Skin Textiles Thermal comfort Underwear |
| title | Evaluation of body heating protocols with graphene heated clothing in a cold environment |
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