Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil Using a Two-step Co-solvent Method and Evaluation of Its Gaseous Emissions
Candlenut oil (CNO) is a potentially new feedstock for biodiesel (BDF) production. In this paper, a two-step co-solvent method for BDF production from CNO was examined. Firstly, esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) (7 wt%) present in CNO was carried out using a co-solvent of acetonitrile (30 wt...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Oleo Science 2018, Vol.67(5), pp.617-626 |
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| creator | Pham, Lan Ngoc Luu, Boi Van Phuoc, Hung Duong Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi Truong, Hoa Thi Luu, Phuong Duc Furuta, Masakazu Imamura, Kiyoshi Maeda, Yasuaki |
| description | Candlenut oil (CNO) is a potentially new feedstock for biodiesel (BDF) production. In this paper, a two-step co-solvent method for BDF production from CNO was examined. Firstly, esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) (7 wt%) present in CNO was carried out using a co-solvent of acetonitrile (30 wt%) and H2SO4 as a catalyst. The content of FFAs was reduced to 0.8 wt% in 1 h at 65°C. Subsequent transesterification of the crude oil produced was carried out using a co-solvent of acetone (20 wt%) and 1 wt% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ester content of 99.3% was obtained at 40°C in 45 min. The water content in BDF was 0.023% upon purification using vacuum distillation at 5 kPa. The components of CNO BDF were characterized using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The physicochemical properties of BDF satisfied the ASTM D6751-02 standard. The gaseous exhaust emissions from the diesel engine upon combustion of the BDF blends (B0–B100) with petrodiesel were examined. The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were clearly lower, but that of nitrogen oxides was higher in comparison to those from petro-diesel. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5650/jos.ess17220 |
| format | Article |
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In this paper, a two-step co-solvent method for BDF production from CNO was examined. Firstly, esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) (7 wt%) present in CNO was carried out using a co-solvent of acetonitrile (30 wt%) and H2SO4 as a catalyst. The content of FFAs was reduced to 0.8 wt% in 1 h at 65°C. Subsequent transesterification of the crude oil produced was carried out using a co-solvent of acetone (20 wt%) and 1 wt% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ester content of 99.3% was obtained at 40°C in 45 min. The water content in BDF was 0.023% upon purification using vacuum distillation at 5 kPa. The components of CNO BDF were characterized using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The physicochemical properties of BDF satisfied the ASTM D6751-02 standard. The gaseous exhaust emissions from the diesel engine upon combustion of the BDF blends (B0–B100) with petrodiesel were examined. The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were clearly lower, but that of nitrogen oxides was higher in comparison to those from petro-diesel.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1345-8957</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1347-3352</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17220</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29628489</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: Japan Oil Chemists' Society</publisher><subject>Acetone ; Acetonitrile ; biodiesel ; Biodiesel fuels ; candlenut oil ; Carbon monoxide ; co-solvent technology ; Crude oil ; Diesel engines ; Distillation ; Distilled water ; Esterification ; Exhaust gases ; Fatty acids ; Flame ionization ; Flame ionization detectors ; Gas chromatography ; Hydrocarbons ; Ionization ; Ionization counters ; Moisture content ; Nitrogen oxides ; Potassium hydroxides ; Solvents ; Sulfuric acid ; Transesterification ; Vacuum distillation</subject><ispartof>Journal of Oleo Science, 2018, Vol.67(5), pp.617-626</ispartof><rights>2018 by Japan Oil Chemists' Society</rights><rights>Copyright Japan Science and Technology Agency 2018</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c630t-4600704c6bdb45584a56b77f065254b1427c884770d281bc3235296b3ec203023</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c630t-4600704c6bdb45584a56b77f065254b1427c884770d281bc3235296b3ec203023</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1877,4010,27902,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628489$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pham, Lan Ngoc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luu, Boi Van</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phuoc, Hung Duong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Truong, Hoa Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luu, Phuong Duc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furuta, Masakazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imamura, Kiyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maeda, Yasuaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graduate School of Engineering</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faculty of Chemistry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osaka Prefecture University</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danang Environmental Technology Center</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VNU University of Science</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Research Institute of University-Community Collaborations</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Institute of Environmental Technology</creatorcontrib><title>Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil Using a Two-step Co-solvent Method and Evaluation of Its Gaseous Emissions</title><title>Journal of Oleo Science</title><addtitle>J Oleo Sci</addtitle><description>Candlenut oil (CNO) is a potentially new feedstock for biodiesel (BDF) production. In this paper, a two-step co-solvent method for BDF production from CNO was examined. Firstly, esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) (7 wt%) present in CNO was carried out using a co-solvent of acetonitrile (30 wt%) and H2SO4 as a catalyst. The content of FFAs was reduced to 0.8 wt% in 1 h at 65°C. Subsequent transesterification of the crude oil produced was carried out using a co-solvent of acetone (20 wt%) and 1 wt% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ester content of 99.3% was obtained at 40°C in 45 min. The water content in BDF was 0.023% upon purification using vacuum distillation at 5 kPa. The components of CNO BDF were characterized using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The physicochemical properties of BDF satisfied the ASTM D6751-02 standard. The gaseous exhaust emissions from the diesel engine upon combustion of the BDF blends (B0–B100) with petrodiesel were examined. The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were clearly lower, but that of nitrogen oxides was higher in comparison to those from petro-diesel.</description><subject>Acetone</subject><subject>Acetonitrile</subject><subject>biodiesel</subject><subject>Biodiesel fuels</subject><subject>candlenut oil</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>co-solvent technology</subject><subject>Crude oil</subject><subject>Diesel engines</subject><subject>Distillation</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Esterification</subject><subject>Exhaust gases</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Flame ionization</subject><subject>Flame ionization detectors</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Ionization counters</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Nitrogen oxides</subject><subject>Potassium hydroxides</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Sulfuric acid</subject><subject>Transesterification</subject><subject>Vacuum distillation</subject><issn>1345-8957</issn><issn>1347-3352</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkE1v1DAQhiMEoqVw44wscSVl_J0c6WpZKhWVQ3u2HMdpHXnjxZMU8e_xdrvLZcaaefy-M1NVHylcSiXh65jw0iNSzRi8qs4pF7rmXLLXz29ZN63UZ9U7xBGg1KV-W52xVrFGNO15tfzKqV_cHNJE0kCuQuqDRx_JkNOWrOzURz8tM7kNkdxjmB6IJXd_Uo2z35FVySk--WkmP_38mHpSeLJ-snGxR8XrGcnGok8LkvU2IJY6vq_eDDai__CSL6r77-u71Y_65nZzvfp2UzvFYa6FAtAgnOr6TkjZCCtVp_UASjIpOiqYdk0jtIaeNbRznJW9W9Vx7xhwYPyi-nzQ3eX0e_E4mzEteSqWpgCiBa2pKtSXA-VyQsx-MLsctjb_NRTM_sblF5rjjQv-6UV06ba-P8HHoxZgcwBKNzgb0xTD5P9b96NO0af9DLQxAEqDNEC5AUV1CawsryVVtChdHZRGnO2DP1nZPAcX_fNcShu5D8f5Tk33aLPxE_8H-malvA</recordid><startdate>2018</startdate><enddate>2018</enddate><creator>Pham, Lan Ngoc</creator><creator>Luu, Boi Van</creator><creator>Phuoc, Hung Duong</creator><creator>Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi</creator><creator>Truong, Hoa Thi</creator><creator>Luu, Phuong Duc</creator><creator>Furuta, Masakazu</creator><creator>Imamura, Kiyoshi</creator><creator>Maeda, Yasuaki</creator><general>Japan Oil Chemists' Society</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2018</creationdate><title>Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil Using a Two-step Co-solvent Method and Evaluation of Its Gaseous Emissions</title><author>Pham, Lan Ngoc ; Luu, Boi Van ; Phuoc, Hung Duong ; Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi ; Truong, Hoa Thi ; Luu, Phuong Duc ; Furuta, Masakazu ; Imamura, Kiyoshi ; Maeda, Yasuaki</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c630t-4600704c6bdb45584a56b77f065254b1427c884770d281bc3235296b3ec203023</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Acetone</topic><topic>Acetonitrile</topic><topic>biodiesel</topic><topic>Biodiesel fuels</topic><topic>candlenut oil</topic><topic>Carbon monoxide</topic><topic>co-solvent technology</topic><topic>Crude oil</topic><topic>Diesel engines</topic><topic>Distillation</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>Esterification</topic><topic>Exhaust gases</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Flame ionization</topic><topic>Flame ionization detectors</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Ionization</topic><topic>Ionization counters</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Nitrogen oxides</topic><topic>Potassium hydroxides</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><topic>Sulfuric acid</topic><topic>Transesterification</topic><topic>Vacuum distillation</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pham, Lan Ngoc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luu, Boi Van</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phuoc, Hung Duong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Truong, Hoa Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luu, Phuong Duc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furuta, Masakazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imamura, Kiyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maeda, Yasuaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graduate School of Engineering</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faculty of Chemistry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osaka Prefecture University</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danang Environmental Technology Center</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VNU University of Science</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Research Institute of University-Community Collaborations</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Institute of Environmental Technology</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>Journal of Oleo Science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pham, Lan Ngoc</au><au>Luu, Boi Van</au><au>Phuoc, Hung Duong</au><au>Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi</au><au>Truong, Hoa Thi</au><au>Luu, Phuong Duc</au><au>Furuta, Masakazu</au><au>Imamura, Kiyoshi</au><au>Maeda, Yasuaki</au><aucorp>Graduate School of Engineering</aucorp><aucorp>Faculty of Chemistry</aucorp><aucorp>Osaka Prefecture University</aucorp><aucorp>Danang Environmental Technology Center</aucorp><aucorp>Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology</aucorp><aucorp>VNU University of Science</aucorp><aucorp>Research Institute of University-Community Collaborations</aucorp><aucorp>Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment</aucorp><aucorp>Institute of Environmental Technology</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil Using a Two-step Co-solvent Method and Evaluation of Its Gaseous Emissions</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Oleo Science</jtitle><addtitle>J Oleo Sci</addtitle><date>2018</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>67</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>617</spage><epage>626</epage><pages>617-626</pages><issn>1345-8957</issn><eissn>1347-3352</eissn><abstract>Candlenut oil (CNO) is a potentially new feedstock for biodiesel (BDF) production. 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The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were clearly lower, but that of nitrogen oxides was higher in comparison to those from petro-diesel.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>Japan Oil Chemists' Society</pub><pmid>29628489</pmid><doi>10.5650/jos.ess17220</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetone Acetonitrile biodiesel Biodiesel fuels candlenut oil Carbon monoxide co-solvent technology Crude oil Diesel engines Distillation Distilled water Esterification Exhaust gases Fatty acids Flame ionization Flame ionization detectors Gas chromatography Hydrocarbons Ionization Ionization counters Moisture content Nitrogen oxides Potassium hydroxides Solvents Sulfuric acid Transesterification Vacuum distillation |
| title | Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil Using a Two-step Co-solvent Method and Evaluation of Its Gaseous Emissions |
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