A model for water vapor permeability reduction in poly(lactic acid) and nanoclay nanocomposites
ABSTRACT Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used in packaging applications, but its moisture barrier properties are inferior to poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. One objective of the study was to improve these by dispersing nanoclay in PLA. It was found that Cloisite 30B nanoclay showed the best...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied polymer science 2018-08, Vol.135 (30), p.n/a |
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| creator | Tang, Man Chio Agarwal, Sushant Alsewailem, Fares D. Choi, Hyoung J. Gupta, Rakesh K. |
| description | ABSTRACT
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used in packaging applications, but its moisture barrier properties are inferior to poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. One objective of the study was to improve these by dispersing nanoclay in PLA. It was found that Cloisite 30B nanoclay showed the best dispersion based on both permeability and transmission electron microscopy results. Compression molded nanocomposite films were amorphous, and moisture permeability measurements revealed that, at the highest loading level of 5.3 vol % organoclay, permeability was reduced by 69% compared to neat PLA. Additionally, independent experiments demonstrated that moisture solubility in the polymer remains unchanged even as solubility in the nanocomposite increases with increasing clay content. A second objective was to explain the measured permeability reduction. A new model is proposed where both the mass flux and area for mass transfer are reduced due to a tortuous path around the impermeable barriers. It is shown that the permeability decreases by a factor of
(1+h2tφ)2 where h/t is the aspect ratio of the nanoplatelets, and ϕ is their volume fraction. Model predictions agree quantitatively with the measured permeability values when data are obtained as a function of filler volume fraction, temperature of measurement, and the concentration driving force. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46506. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/app.46506 |
| format | Article |
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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used in packaging applications, but its moisture barrier properties are inferior to poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. One objective of the study was to improve these by dispersing nanoclay in PLA. It was found that Cloisite 30B nanoclay showed the best dispersion based on both permeability and transmission electron microscopy results. Compression molded nanocomposite films were amorphous, and moisture permeability measurements revealed that, at the highest loading level of 5.3 vol % organoclay, permeability was reduced by 69% compared to neat PLA. Additionally, independent experiments demonstrated that moisture solubility in the polymer remains unchanged even as solubility in the nanocomposite increases with increasing clay content. A second objective was to explain the measured permeability reduction. A new model is proposed where both the mass flux and area for mass transfer are reduced due to a tortuous path around the impermeable barriers. It is shown that the permeability decreases by a factor of
(1+h2tφ)2 where h/t is the aspect ratio of the nanoplatelets, and ϕ is their volume fraction. Model predictions agree quantitatively with the measured permeability values when data are obtained as a function of filler volume fraction, temperature of measurement, and the concentration driving force. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46506.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8995</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4628</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/app.46506</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Aspect ratio ; biodegradable ; composites ; Dispersion ; Mass transfer ; Materials science ; Moisture ; Nanocomposites ; nanoparticles ; nanowires and nanocrystals ; packaging ; Permeability ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Polylactic acid ; Polymers ; Polystyrene resins ; Reduction ; Solubility ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Water vapor</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied polymer science, 2018-08, Vol.135 (30), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3346-41fcd2b21d2ec6b9d8dcd8a6aeca702d4eee983e6bd8ec5b043862325ee9553b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3346-41fcd2b21d2ec6b9d8dcd8a6aeca702d4eee983e6bd8ec5b043862325ee9553b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4173-2833</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fapp.46506$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fapp.46506$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tang, Man Chio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agarwal, Sushant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alsewailem, Fares D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hyoung J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Rakesh K.</creatorcontrib><title>A model for water vapor permeability reduction in poly(lactic acid) and nanoclay nanocomposites</title><title>Journal of applied polymer science</title><description>ABSTRACT
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used in packaging applications, but its moisture barrier properties are inferior to poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. One objective of the study was to improve these by dispersing nanoclay in PLA. It was found that Cloisite 30B nanoclay showed the best dispersion based on both permeability and transmission electron microscopy results. Compression molded nanocomposite films were amorphous, and moisture permeability measurements revealed that, at the highest loading level of 5.3 vol % organoclay, permeability was reduced by 69% compared to neat PLA. Additionally, independent experiments demonstrated that moisture solubility in the polymer remains unchanged even as solubility in the nanocomposite increases with increasing clay content. A second objective was to explain the measured permeability reduction. A new model is proposed where both the mass flux and area for mass transfer are reduced due to a tortuous path around the impermeable barriers. It is shown that the permeability decreases by a factor of
(1+h2tφ)2 where h/t is the aspect ratio of the nanoplatelets, and ϕ is their volume fraction. Model predictions agree quantitatively with the measured permeability values when data are obtained as a function of filler volume fraction, temperature of measurement, and the concentration driving force. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46506.</description><subject>Aspect ratio</subject><subject>biodegradable</subject><subject>composites</subject><subject>Dispersion</subject><subject>Mass transfer</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Moisture</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>nanoparticles</subject><subject>nanowires and nanocrystals</subject><subject>packaging</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Polylactic acid</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Polystyrene resins</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>Transmission electron microscopy</subject><subject>Water vapor</subject><issn>0021-8995</issn><issn>1097-4628</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kMtOwzAQRS0EEqWw4A8ssYFFWj8SJ1lWFS-pEl3A2nLsieQqiY2dUuXvMYQtq7kzc-aOdBG6pWRFCWFr5f0qFwURZ2hBSV1muWDVOVqkHc2qui4u0VWMB0IoTdACyQ3unYEOty7gkxoh4C_lk_YQelCN7ew44QDmqEfrBmwH7F033Xcq9Rorbc0DVoPBgxqc7tQ0C9d7F-0I8RpdtKqLcPNXl-jj6fF9-5Lt3p5ft5tdpjnPRZbTVhvWMGoYaNHUpjLaVEoo0KokzOQAUFccRGMq0EVDcl4JxlmRxkXBG75Ed7OvD-7zCHGUB3cMQ3opGeG8JDXlZaIeZkoHF2OAVvpgexUmSYn8yU-m_ORvfoldz-zJdjD9D8rNfj9ffAPWeXMs</recordid><startdate>20180810</startdate><enddate>20180810</enddate><creator>Tang, Man Chio</creator><creator>Agarwal, Sushant</creator><creator>Alsewailem, Fares D.</creator><creator>Choi, Hyoung J.</creator><creator>Gupta, Rakesh K.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-2833</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180810</creationdate><title>A model for water vapor permeability reduction in poly(lactic acid) and nanoclay nanocomposites</title><author>Tang, Man Chio ; Agarwal, Sushant ; Alsewailem, Fares D. ; Choi, Hyoung J. ; Gupta, Rakesh K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3346-41fcd2b21d2ec6b9d8dcd8a6aeca702d4eee983e6bd8ec5b043862325ee9553b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Aspect ratio</topic><topic>biodegradable</topic><topic>composites</topic><topic>Dispersion</topic><topic>Mass transfer</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Moisture</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>nanoparticles</topic><topic>nanowires and nanocrystals</topic><topic>packaging</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Polylactic acid</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Polystyrene resins</topic><topic>Reduction</topic><topic>Solubility</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy</topic><topic>Water vapor</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tang, Man Chio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agarwal, Sushant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alsewailem, Fares D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hyoung J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Rakesh K.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied polymer science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tang, Man Chio</au><au>Agarwal, Sushant</au><au>Alsewailem, Fares D.</au><au>Choi, Hyoung J.</au><au>Gupta, Rakesh K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A model for water vapor permeability reduction in poly(lactic acid) and nanoclay nanocomposites</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied polymer science</jtitle><date>2018-08-10</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>135</volume><issue>30</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0021-8995</issn><eissn>1097-4628</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used in packaging applications, but its moisture barrier properties are inferior to poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. One objective of the study was to improve these by dispersing nanoclay in PLA. It was found that Cloisite 30B nanoclay showed the best dispersion based on both permeability and transmission electron microscopy results. Compression molded nanocomposite films were amorphous, and moisture permeability measurements revealed that, at the highest loading level of 5.3 vol % organoclay, permeability was reduced by 69% compared to neat PLA. Additionally, independent experiments demonstrated that moisture solubility in the polymer remains unchanged even as solubility in the nanocomposite increases with increasing clay content. A second objective was to explain the measured permeability reduction. A new model is proposed where both the mass flux and area for mass transfer are reduced due to a tortuous path around the impermeable barriers. It is shown that the permeability decreases by a factor of
(1+h2tφ)2 where h/t is the aspect ratio of the nanoplatelets, and ϕ is their volume fraction. Model predictions agree quantitatively with the measured permeability values when data are obtained as a function of filler volume fraction, temperature of measurement, and the concentration driving force. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46506.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/app.46506</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-2833</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aspect ratio biodegradable composites Dispersion Mass transfer Materials science Moisture Nanocomposites nanoparticles nanowires and nanocrystals packaging Permeability Polyethylene terephthalate Polylactic acid Polymers Polystyrene resins Reduction Solubility Transmission electron microscopy Water vapor |
| title | A model for water vapor permeability reduction in poly(lactic acid) and nanoclay nanocomposites |
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