Occurrence of Legionella in Nonpotable Reclaimed Water
Legionella was monitored in reclaimed water systems and were detected by culture in 50% of 115 samples, while 80% of the samples were positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The lowest level of Legionella was in a system that practiced biological nutrient removal and maintained an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal - American Water Works Association 2018-03, Vol.110 (3), p.15-27 |
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| creator | Johnson, William J. Jjemba, Patrick K. Bukhari, Zia LeChevallier, Mark W. |
| description | Legionella was monitored in reclaimed water systems and were detected by culture in 50% of 115 samples, while 80% of the samples were positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The lowest level of Legionella was in a system that practiced biological nutrient removal and maintained an average 0.3 mg/L free chlorine residual. The difference between qPCR and ethidium monoazide treated samples was used as an indicator of viability, and the greatest difference was in a chloraminated system, where the molecular method indicated a 9% viability. Ninety‐six percent of the species were L. pneumophila, and 87% were identified as L. pneumophila serotype 1. Total amoebae (summed as cysts or trophozoites) were detected in 100% of samples from all six systems, and were mostly (50–95%) in the active trophozoite phase. In the chloraminated system, 87% of the mesophilic amoebae and 66% of the thermophilic amoebae were in the cyst phase. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5942/jawwa.2018.110.0021 |
| format | Article |
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The lowest level of Legionella was in a system that practiced biological nutrient removal and maintained an average 0.3 mg/L free chlorine residual. The difference between qPCR and ethidium monoazide treated samples was used as an indicator of viability, and the greatest difference was in a chloraminated system, where the molecular method indicated a 9% viability. Ninety‐six percent of the species were L. pneumophila, and 87% were identified as L. pneumophila serotype 1. Total amoebae (summed as cysts or trophozoites) were detected in 100% of samples from all six systems, and were mostly (50–95%) in the active trophozoite phase. In the chloraminated system, 87% of the mesophilic amoebae and 66% of the thermophilic amoebae were in the cyst phase.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-150X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1551-8833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5942/jawwa.2018.110.0021</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>amoebae ; chloramine ; Chlorine ; Cysts ; Legionella ; Legionnaires disease ; Mineral nutrients ; Nucleotide sequence ; Nutrient removal ; PCR ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Reclaimed water ; Removal ; trophozoite ; Trophozoites ; Viability ; Water</subject><ispartof>Journal - American Water Works Association, 2018-03, Vol.110 (3), p.15-27</ispartof><rights>2018 American Water Works Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Water Works Association Mar 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3341-fc29cff539fe89bbf9eaa777f08bbf6d139ea5bf6b5ac6b7474ce343076ca7da3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3341-fc29cff539fe89bbf9eaa777f08bbf6d139ea5bf6b5ac6b7474ce343076ca7da3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.5942%2Fjawwa.2018.110.0021$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5942%2Fjawwa.2018.110.0021$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Johnson, William J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jjemba, Patrick K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bukhari, Zia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LeChevallier, Mark W.</creatorcontrib><title>Occurrence of Legionella in Nonpotable Reclaimed Water</title><title>Journal - American Water Works Association</title><description>Legionella was monitored in reclaimed water systems and were detected by culture in 50% of 115 samples, while 80% of the samples were positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The lowest level of Legionella was in a system that practiced biological nutrient removal and maintained an average 0.3 mg/L free chlorine residual. The difference between qPCR and ethidium monoazide treated samples was used as an indicator of viability, and the greatest difference was in a chloraminated system, where the molecular method indicated a 9% viability. Ninety‐six percent of the species were L. pneumophila, and 87% were identified as L. pneumophila serotype 1. Total amoebae (summed as cysts or trophozoites) were detected in 100% of samples from all six systems, and were mostly (50–95%) in the active trophozoite phase. In the chloraminated system, 87% of the mesophilic amoebae and 66% of the thermophilic amoebae were in the cyst phase.</description><subject>amoebae</subject><subject>chloramine</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Cysts</subject><subject>Legionella</subject><subject>Legionnaires disease</subject><subject>Mineral nutrients</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Nutrient removal</subject><subject>PCR</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Reclaimed water</subject><subject>Removal</subject><subject>trophozoite</subject><subject>Trophozoites</subject><subject>Viability</subject><subject>Water</subject><issn>0003-150X</issn><issn>1551-8833</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkN1Kw0AQhRdRsFafwJuA16n7m03uLMU_KBZEqXfLZDMrKWm2bhpK395N4wN4NTOHc87AR8gtozNVSH6_gcMBZpyyfMaiRilnZ2TClGJpngtxTiaUUpEyRb8uyVXXbeLJFJMTkq2s7UPA1mLiXbLE79q32DSQ1G3y5tud30PZYPKOtoF6i1Wyhj2Ga3LhoOnw5m9OyefT48fiJV2unl8X82VqhZAsdZYX1jklCod5UZauQACttaN5PLKKiSiouJUKbFZqqaVFIQXVmQVdgZiSu7F3F_xPj93ebHwf2vjScMqLTEjOeXSJ0WWD77qAzuxCvYVwNIyaAZA5ATIDIBMBmQFQTD2MqUPd4PE_ETNfr-eDEoVTxS8J621g</recordid><startdate>201803</startdate><enddate>201803</enddate><creator>Johnson, William J.</creator><creator>Jjemba, Patrick K.</creator><creator>Bukhari, Zia</creator><creator>LeChevallier, Mark W.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>American Water Works Association</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201803</creationdate><title>Occurrence of Legionella in Nonpotable Reclaimed Water</title><author>Johnson, William J. ; Jjemba, Patrick K. ; Bukhari, Zia ; LeChevallier, Mark W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3341-fc29cff539fe89bbf9eaa777f08bbf6d139ea5bf6b5ac6b7474ce343076ca7da3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>amoebae</topic><topic>chloramine</topic><topic>Chlorine</topic><topic>Cysts</topic><topic>Legionella</topic><topic>Legionnaires disease</topic><topic>Mineral nutrients</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Nutrient removal</topic><topic>PCR</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Reclaimed water</topic><topic>Removal</topic><topic>trophozoite</topic><topic>Trophozoites</topic><topic>Viability</topic><topic>Water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Johnson, William J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jjemba, Patrick K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bukhari, Zia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LeChevallier, Mark W.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal - American Water Works Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Johnson, William J.</au><au>Jjemba, Patrick K.</au><au>Bukhari, Zia</au><au>LeChevallier, Mark W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occurrence of Legionella in Nonpotable Reclaimed Water</atitle><jtitle>Journal - American Water Works Association</jtitle><date>2018-03</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>110</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>15</spage><epage>27</epage><pages>15-27</pages><issn>0003-150X</issn><eissn>1551-8833</eissn><abstract>Legionella was monitored in reclaimed water systems and were detected by culture in 50% of 115 samples, while 80% of the samples were positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The lowest level of Legionella was in a system that practiced biological nutrient removal and maintained an average 0.3 mg/L free chlorine residual. The difference between qPCR and ethidium monoazide treated samples was used as an indicator of viability, and the greatest difference was in a chloraminated system, where the molecular method indicated a 9% viability. Ninety‐six percent of the species were L. pneumophila, and 87% were identified as L. pneumophila serotype 1. Total amoebae (summed as cysts or trophozoites) were detected in 100% of samples from all six systems, and were mostly (50–95%) in the active trophozoite phase. In the chloraminated system, 87% of the mesophilic amoebae and 66% of the thermophilic amoebae were in the cyst phase.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><doi>10.5942/jawwa.2018.110.0021</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | amoebae chloramine Chlorine Cysts Legionella Legionnaires disease Mineral nutrients Nucleotide sequence Nutrient removal PCR Polymerase chain reaction Reclaimed water Removal trophozoite Trophozoites Viability Water |
| title | Occurrence of Legionella in Nonpotable Reclaimed Water |
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