Patterns of facial trauma before and after legalization of marijuana in Denver, Colorado: A joint study between two Denver hospitals
The effect of marijuana on human health has been studied extensively. Marijuana intoxication has been shown to affect performance, attention span, and reaction time. The public health relationship between trauma and cannabis use has also been studied, with mixed conclusions. In this report, the effe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of emergency medicine 2018-05, Vol.36 (5), p.780-783 |
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| container_title | The American journal of emergency medicine |
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| creator | Sokoya, Mofiyinfolu Eagles, Justin Okland, Tyler Coughlin, Dylan Dauber, Hannah Greenlee, Christopher Winkler, Andrew A. |
| description | The effect of marijuana on human health has been studied extensively. Marijuana intoxication has been shown to affect performance, attention span, and reaction time. The public health relationship between trauma and cannabis use has also been studied, with mixed conclusions. In this report, the effect of marijuana legalization on many aspects of facial trauma at two hospitals in Denver, Colorado is examined.
A retrospective review of the electronic medical records was undertaken. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare age of patients before and after legalization, and chi squared analyses were used to compare mechanism of injury, and fracture types before and after recreational marijuana legalization in Denver, Colorado. Geographical location of patients was also considered.
No significant increase was found in race before and after marijuana legalization (p=0.19). A significant increase in age was found before (M=39.54,SD=16.37), and after (M=41.38,SD=16.66) legalization (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.10.014 |
| format | Article |
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A retrospective review of the electronic medical records was undertaken. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare age of patients before and after legalization, and chi squared analyses were used to compare mechanism of injury, and fracture types before and after recreational marijuana legalization in Denver, Colorado. Geographical location of patients was also considered.
No significant increase was found in race before and after marijuana legalization (p=0.19). A significant increase in age was found before (M=39.54,SD=16.37), and after (M=41.38,SD=16.66) legalization (p<0.01). Maxillary and skull base fracture proportions significantly increased following legalization (p<0.001 and p<0.001respectively). No significant differences were seen in the proportion of patients who lived in urban and rural counties before and after legalization (p>0.05).
Public health efforts should be directed towards educating residents and visitors of Colorado on the effects and toxicology of marijuana. More epidemiologic studies are needed for further assessment of the long-term effects of the legalization of marijuana on the population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0735-6757</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-8171</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.10.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29031478</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Cannabis ; Colorado ; Electronic medical records ; Emergency medical care ; Epidemiology ; Facial fracture ; Fatalities ; Fractures ; Geographical distribution ; Hospitals ; Injury analysis ; Intoxication ; Long-term effects ; Marijuana ; Patients ; Public health ; Review boards ; Rural areas ; Sports injuries ; Toxicology ; Trauma</subject><ispartof>The American journal of emergency medicine, 2018-05, Vol.36 (5), p.780-783</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited May 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-3f2931cf3096a37286f90be2ca1a3ac1814df8473e49942db80fd10734da4f253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-3f2931cf3096a37286f90be2ca1a3ac1814df8473e49942db80fd10734da4f253</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2029490794?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3541,27915,27916,45986,64374,64378,72230</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29031478$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sokoya, Mofiyinfolu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eagles, Justin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okland, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coughlin, Dylan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dauber, Hannah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greenlee, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winkler, Andrew A.</creatorcontrib><title>Patterns of facial trauma before and after legalization of marijuana in Denver, Colorado: A joint study between two Denver hospitals</title><title>The American journal of emergency medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Emerg Med</addtitle><description>The effect of marijuana on human health has been studied extensively. Marijuana intoxication has been shown to affect performance, attention span, and reaction time. The public health relationship between trauma and cannabis use has also been studied, with mixed conclusions. In this report, the effect of marijuana legalization on many aspects of facial trauma at two hospitals in Denver, Colorado is examined.
A retrospective review of the electronic medical records was undertaken. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare age of patients before and after legalization, and chi squared analyses were used to compare mechanism of injury, and fracture types before and after recreational marijuana legalization in Denver, Colorado. Geographical location of patients was also considered.
No significant increase was found in race before and after marijuana legalization (p=0.19). A significant increase in age was found before (M=39.54,SD=16.37), and after (M=41.38,SD=16.66) legalization (p<0.01). Maxillary and skull base fracture proportions significantly increased following legalization (p<0.001 and p<0.001respectively). No significant differences were seen in the proportion of patients who lived in urban and rural counties before and after legalization (p>0.05).
Public health efforts should be directed towards educating residents and visitors of Colorado on the effects and toxicology of marijuana. More epidemiologic studies are needed for further assessment of the long-term effects of the legalization of marijuana on the population.</description><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Colorado</subject><subject>Electronic medical records</subject><subject>Emergency medical care</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Facial fracture</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Fractures</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Injury analysis</subject><subject>Intoxication</subject><subject>Long-term effects</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Review boards</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Trauma</subject><issn>0735-6757</issn><issn>1532-8171</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1v1DAQhi1ERZfCH-CALHFtFn9lkyAu1fIpVWoPcLZm7TE4ytqL7bRqz_xwHO3CkdNIo-d9R_MQ8oqzNWd883Zcw4j7tWC8q4s14-oJWfFWiqbnHX9KVqyTbbPp2u6cPM95ZIxz1apn5FwMTHLV9Svy-xZKwRQyjY46MB4mWhLMe6A7dDEhhWApuMrQCX_A5B-h-BgWfA_JjzMEoD7QDxjuMF3SbZxiAhvf0Ss6Rh8KzWW2D7Wt3CMGWu7jiaU_Yz74AlN-Qc5cHfjyNC_I908fv22_NNc3n79ur64bI3tVGunEILlxkg0bkJ3oN25gOxQGOEgwvOfKul51EtUwKGF3PXOWVwnKgnKilRfkzbH3kOKvGXPRY5xTqCe1YGJQA-sGVSlxpEyKOSd0-pB8_fVBc6YX8XrUi3i9iF92VXwNvT5Vz7s92n-Rv6Yr8P4IYH3wzmPS2XgMBq1PaIq20f-v_w-RoJT2</recordid><startdate>201805</startdate><enddate>201805</enddate><creator>Sokoya, Mofiyinfolu</creator><creator>Eagles, Justin</creator><creator>Okland, Tyler</creator><creator>Coughlin, Dylan</creator><creator>Dauber, Hannah</creator><creator>Greenlee, Christopher</creator><creator>Winkler, Andrew A.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201805</creationdate><title>Patterns of facial trauma before and after legalization of marijuana in Denver, Colorado: A joint study between two Denver hospitals</title><author>Sokoya, Mofiyinfolu ; Eagles, Justin ; Okland, Tyler ; Coughlin, Dylan ; Dauber, Hannah ; Greenlee, Christopher ; Winkler, Andrew A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-3f2931cf3096a37286f90be2ca1a3ac1814df8473e49942db80fd10734da4f253</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Cannabis</topic><topic>Colorado</topic><topic>Electronic medical records</topic><topic>Emergency medical care</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Facial fracture</topic><topic>Fatalities</topic><topic>Fractures</topic><topic>Geographical distribution</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Injury analysis</topic><topic>Intoxication</topic><topic>Long-term effects</topic><topic>Marijuana</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Review boards</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Trauma</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sokoya, Mofiyinfolu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eagles, Justin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okland, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coughlin, Dylan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dauber, Hannah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greenlee, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winkler, Andrew A.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of emergency medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sokoya, Mofiyinfolu</au><au>Eagles, Justin</au><au>Okland, Tyler</au><au>Coughlin, Dylan</au><au>Dauber, Hannah</au><au>Greenlee, Christopher</au><au>Winkler, Andrew A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Patterns of facial trauma before and after legalization of marijuana in Denver, Colorado: A joint study between two Denver hospitals</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of emergency medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Emerg Med</addtitle><date>2018-05</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>780</spage><epage>783</epage><pages>780-783</pages><issn>0735-6757</issn><eissn>1532-8171</eissn><abstract>The effect of marijuana on human health has been studied extensively. Marijuana intoxication has been shown to affect performance, attention span, and reaction time. The public health relationship between trauma and cannabis use has also been studied, with mixed conclusions. In this report, the effect of marijuana legalization on many aspects of facial trauma at two hospitals in Denver, Colorado is examined.
A retrospective review of the electronic medical records was undertaken. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare age of patients before and after legalization, and chi squared analyses were used to compare mechanism of injury, and fracture types before and after recreational marijuana legalization in Denver, Colorado. Geographical location of patients was also considered.
No significant increase was found in race before and after marijuana legalization (p=0.19). A significant increase in age was found before (M=39.54,SD=16.37), and after (M=41.38,SD=16.66) legalization (p<0.01). Maxillary and skull base fracture proportions significantly increased following legalization (p<0.001 and p<0.001respectively). No significant differences were seen in the proportion of patients who lived in urban and rural counties before and after legalization (p>0.05).
Public health efforts should be directed towards educating residents and visitors of Colorado on the effects and toxicology of marijuana. More epidemiologic studies are needed for further assessment of the long-term effects of the legalization of marijuana on the population.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>29031478</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ajem.2017.10.014</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The American journal of emergency medicine, 2018-05, Vol.36 (5), p.780-783 |
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| subjects | Cannabis Colorado Electronic medical records Emergency medical care Epidemiology Facial fracture Fatalities Fractures Geographical distribution Hospitals Injury analysis Intoxication Long-term effects Marijuana Patients Public health Review boards Rural areas Sports injuries Toxicology Trauma |
| title | Patterns of facial trauma before and after legalization of marijuana in Denver, Colorado: A joint study between two Denver hospitals |
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