The 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake sequence: I. Source modeling and deterministic 3D ground shaking
To better quantify the relatively long period (
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tectonophysics 2018-01, Vol.722, p.447-461 |
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| creator | Wei, Shengji Chen, Meng Wang, Xin Graves, Robert Lindsey, Eric Wang, Teng Karakaş, Çağıl Helmberger, Don |
| description | To better quantify the relatively long period ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.024 |
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•Joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data at relatively high frequency for finite rupture of Gorkha earthquake•A simplified 3D velocity model is developed for Kathmandu Valley•The 3D velocity model capture the vibration and amplification of Kathmandu Valley at ~0.25 Hz•The Mw7.2 aftershock was located ~ 5km above MHT</description><identifier>ISSN: 0040-1951</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3266</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.024</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>3-D technology ; 3D ground shaking ; Basin structure ; Body waves ; Broadband ; Computer simulation ; Duration ; Earthquakes ; Fault zones ; Finite fault ; Global positioning systems ; Gorkha earthquake ; GPS ; Ground motion ; Inversion ; Joint inversion ; Modelling ; Rupturing ; SAR (radar) ; Satellite navigation systems ; Seismic activity ; Sequencing ; Shaking ; Simulation ; Studies ; Synthetic aperture radar interferometry ; Three dimensional models ; Three dimensional motion ; Vibration ; Waveforms</subject><ispartof>Tectonophysics, 2018-01, Vol.722, p.447-461</ispartof><rights>2017 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jan 2, 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-3d0c008c8593f45888cde3b9bb4bc5d497accb4d3729a07d9eb6ce90ad9b8c5f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-3d0c008c8593f45888cde3b9bb4bc5d497accb4d3729a07d9eb6ce90ad9b8c5f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0319-0714 ; 0000-0003-2274-8215</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195117304869$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wei, Shengji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Meng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graves, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindsey, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Teng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karakaş, Çağıl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Helmberger, Don</creatorcontrib><title>The 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake sequence: I. Source modeling and deterministic 3D ground shaking</title><title>Tectonophysics</title><description>To better quantify the relatively long period (<0.3Hz) shaking experienced during the 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake sequence, we study the finite rupture processes and the associated 3D ground motion of the Mw7.8 mainshock and the Mw7.2 aftershock. The 3D synthetics are then used in the broadband ground shaking in Kathmandu with a hybrid approach, summarized in a companion paper (Chen and Wei, 2017, submitted together). We determined the coseismic rupture process of the mainshock by joint inversion of InSAR/SAR, GPS (static and high-rate), strong motion and teleseismic waveforms. Our inversion for the mainshock indicates unilateral rupture towards the ESE, with an average rupture speed of 3.0km/s and a total duration of ~60s. Additionally, we find that the beginning part of the rupture (5–18s) has about 40% longer rise time than the rest of the rupture, as well as slower rupture velocity. Our model shows two strong asperities occurring ~24s and ~36s after the origin and located ~30km to the northwest and northeast of the Kathmandu valley, respectively. In contrast, the Mw7.2 aftershock is more compact both in time and space, as revealed by joint inversion of teleseismic body waves and InSAR data. The different rupture features between the mainshock and the aftershock could be related to difference in fault zone structure. The mainshock and aftershock ground motions in the Kathmandu valley, recorded by both strong motion and high-rate GPS stations, exhibited strong amplification around 0.2Hz. A simplified 3D basin model, calibrated by an Mw5.2 aftershock, can match the observed waveforms reasonably well at 0.3Hz and lower frequency. The 3D simulations indicate that the basin structure trapped the wavefield and produced an extensive ground vibration. Our study suggests that the combination of rupture characteristics and propagational complexity are required to understand the ground shaking produced by hazardous earthquakes such as the Gorkha event.
•Joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data at relatively high frequency for finite rupture of Gorkha earthquake•A simplified 3D velocity model is developed for Kathmandu Valley•The 3D velocity model capture the vibration and amplification of Kathmandu Valley at ~0.25 Hz•The Mw7.2 aftershock was located ~ 5km above MHT</description><subject>3-D technology</subject><subject>3D ground shaking</subject><subject>Basin structure</subject><subject>Body waves</subject><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Duration</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Fault zones</subject><subject>Finite fault</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>Gorkha earthquake</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Ground motion</subject><subject>Inversion</subject><subject>Joint inversion</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Rupturing</subject><subject>SAR (radar)</subject><subject>Satellite navigation systems</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Sequencing</subject><subject>Shaking</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Synthetic aperture radar interferometry</subject><subject>Three dimensional models</subject><subject>Three dimensional motion</subject><subject>Vibration</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><issn>0040-1951</issn><issn>1879-3266</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMlOwzAQhi0EEqXwBFwscYFDwjjOZiQOqGyVKjhQzpZjTxp3SVo7QeLtcSlnTiON_m-Wj5BLBjEDlt8u4x5138UJsCJmLIYkPSIjVhYi4kmeH5MRQAoRExk7JWfeLwEgZ1k-InreIA1YRl86t2oUvX7DrVrfUFSub3aDWiH1uBuw1XhHpzH96AankW46g2vbLqhqDTXYo9vY1vreasof6cJ1Q-j7Rq1C5pyc1Grt8eKvjsnn89N88hrN3l-mk4dZpHmR9xE3oAFKXWaC12lWlqU2yCtRVWmlM5OKQmldpYYXiVBQGIFVrlGAMqIqdVbzMbk6zN26Llzse7kMx7ZhpUwgESkrE5aGFD-ktOu8d1jLrbMb5b4lA7m3KZfy16bc25SMyWAzUPcHCsMDXxad9NrupRjrQliazv7L_wDOn349</recordid><startdate>20180102</startdate><enddate>20180102</enddate><creator>Wei, Shengji</creator><creator>Chen, Meng</creator><creator>Wang, Xin</creator><creator>Graves, Robert</creator><creator>Lindsey, Eric</creator><creator>Wang, Teng</creator><creator>Karakaş, Çağıl</creator><creator>Helmberger, Don</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-0714</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-8215</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180102</creationdate><title>The 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake sequence: I. Source modeling and deterministic 3D ground shaking</title><author>Wei, Shengji ; Chen, Meng ; Wang, Xin ; Graves, Robert ; Lindsey, Eric ; Wang, Teng ; Karakaş, Çağıl ; Helmberger, Don</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-3d0c008c8593f45888cde3b9bb4bc5d497accb4d3729a07d9eb6ce90ad9b8c5f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>3-D technology</topic><topic>3D ground shaking</topic><topic>Basin structure</topic><topic>Body waves</topic><topic>Broadband</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Duration</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Fault zones</topic><topic>Finite fault</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>Gorkha earthquake</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Ground motion</topic><topic>Inversion</topic><topic>Joint inversion</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Rupturing</topic><topic>SAR (radar)</topic><topic>Satellite navigation systems</topic><topic>Seismic activity</topic><topic>Sequencing</topic><topic>Shaking</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Synthetic aperture radar interferometry</topic><topic>Three dimensional models</topic><topic>Three dimensional motion</topic><topic>Vibration</topic><topic>Waveforms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wei, Shengji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Meng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graves, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindsey, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Teng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karakaş, Çağıl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Helmberger, Don</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Tectonophysics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wei, Shengji</au><au>Chen, Meng</au><au>Wang, Xin</au><au>Graves, Robert</au><au>Lindsey, Eric</au><au>Wang, Teng</au><au>Karakaş, Çağıl</au><au>Helmberger, Don</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake sequence: I. Source modeling and deterministic 3D ground shaking</atitle><jtitle>Tectonophysics</jtitle><date>2018-01-02</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>722</volume><spage>447</spage><epage>461</epage><pages>447-461</pages><issn>0040-1951</issn><eissn>1879-3266</eissn><abstract>To better quantify the relatively long period (<0.3Hz) shaking experienced during the 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake sequence, we study the finite rupture processes and the associated 3D ground motion of the Mw7.8 mainshock and the Mw7.2 aftershock. The 3D synthetics are then used in the broadband ground shaking in Kathmandu with a hybrid approach, summarized in a companion paper (Chen and Wei, 2017, submitted together). We determined the coseismic rupture process of the mainshock by joint inversion of InSAR/SAR, GPS (static and high-rate), strong motion and teleseismic waveforms. Our inversion for the mainshock indicates unilateral rupture towards the ESE, with an average rupture speed of 3.0km/s and a total duration of ~60s. Additionally, we find that the beginning part of the rupture (5–18s) has about 40% longer rise time than the rest of the rupture, as well as slower rupture velocity. Our model shows two strong asperities occurring ~24s and ~36s after the origin and located ~30km to the northwest and northeast of the Kathmandu valley, respectively. In contrast, the Mw7.2 aftershock is more compact both in time and space, as revealed by joint inversion of teleseismic body waves and InSAR data. The different rupture features between the mainshock and the aftershock could be related to difference in fault zone structure. The mainshock and aftershock ground motions in the Kathmandu valley, recorded by both strong motion and high-rate GPS stations, exhibited strong amplification around 0.2Hz. A simplified 3D basin model, calibrated by an Mw5.2 aftershock, can match the observed waveforms reasonably well at 0.3Hz and lower frequency. The 3D simulations indicate that the basin structure trapped the wavefield and produced an extensive ground vibration. Our study suggests that the combination of rupture characteristics and propagational complexity are required to understand the ground shaking produced by hazardous earthquakes such as the Gorkha event.
•Joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data at relatively high frequency for finite rupture of Gorkha earthquake•A simplified 3D velocity model is developed for Kathmandu Valley•The 3D velocity model capture the vibration and amplification of Kathmandu Valley at ~0.25 Hz•The Mw7.2 aftershock was located ~ 5km above MHT</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.024</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-0714</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-8215</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 3-D technology 3D ground shaking Basin structure Body waves Broadband Computer simulation Duration Earthquakes Fault zones Finite fault Global positioning systems Gorkha earthquake GPS Ground motion Inversion Joint inversion Modelling Rupturing SAR (radar) Satellite navigation systems Seismic activity Sequencing Shaking Simulation Studies Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Three dimensional models Three dimensional motion Vibration Waveforms |
| title | The 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake sequence: I. Source modeling and deterministic 3D ground shaking |
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