A cross-sectional analysis of work-related outcomes in adults with asthma

Asthma is a disease with physical symptoms that can impair a person's functioning to the point of interfering with school, work, and social activities. Describe how disease (asthma) and patient characteristics affect perceived work performance and absenteeism. Using a cross-sectional study design, 369 adults with asthma from a managed care organization responded to a mailed questionnaire which included a perceived work performance scale (WPS) and an item assessing absenteeism. Analysis consisted of psychometric testing of the scale (internal consistency and construct validity); trend observation of influence of perceived and symptom-derived severity on WPS and absenteeism distribution; and regression analysis to examine the relationship between patient/disease characteristics and the work-related outcomes. The mean WPS score was 88.0 ± 16.2 (of a possible 100), with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. Most respondents (84.7%) did not miss any work in the previous 4 weeks. WPS scores declined and the percentage of respondent absenteeism increased as perceived and symptom-derived severity worsened. The regression model for WPS produced an adjusted R 2 of 0.32 and included the number of other illnesses, health beliefs, race, income, and perceived and symptom-derived asthma severity. The regression model for absenteeism included number of other illnesses, race, health beliefs, and symptom-derived severity. Perceived work performance and absenteeism are outcomes measures that are distinctive and complementary. Disease severity, race, income, and health beliefs also contribute and should be considered in health services research related to asthma.