Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease present in more than 88 countries. The currently adopted chemotherapy faces challenges related to side effects and the development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II) meso -tetrakis(...

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Veröffentlicht in:Photochemical & photobiological sciences 2018, Vol.17 (4), p.482-490
Hauptverfasser: Andrade, C. G., Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q., Ribeiro, K. R. C., Souza, L. I. O., Sarmento-Neto, J. F., Rebouças, J. S., Santos, B. S., Ribeiro, M. S., Carvalho, L. B., Fontes, A.
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container_end_page 490
container_issue 4
container_start_page 482
container_title Photochemical & photobiological sciences
container_volume 17
creator Andrade, C. G.
Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q.
Ribeiro, K. R. C.
Souza, L. I. O.
Sarmento-Neto, J. F.
Rebouças, J. S.
Santos, B. S.
Ribeiro, M. S.
Carvalho, L. B.
Fontes, A.
description Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease present in more than 88 countries. The currently adopted chemotherapy faces challenges related to side effects and the development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP 4+ , ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on Leishmania braziliensis was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of L. braziliensis promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. Additionally, the number of amastigotes per macrophage was reduced by about 40% after photodynamic application. The treatment showed no considerable toxicity against mammalian cells. Therefore, the results indicated that PDT associated with ZnTE-2-PyP 4+ represents a promising alternative to cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.
doi_str_mv 10.1039/c7pp00458c
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G. ; Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q. ; Ribeiro, K. R. C. ; Souza, L. I. O. ; Sarmento-Neto, J. F. ; Rebouças, J. S. ; Santos, B. S. ; Ribeiro, M. S. ; Carvalho, L. B. ; Fontes, A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Andrade, C. G. ; Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q. ; Ribeiro, K. R. C. ; Souza, L. I. O. ; Sarmento-Neto, J. F. ; Rebouças, J. S. ; Santos, B. S. ; Ribeiro, M. S. ; Carvalho, L. B. ; Fontes, A.</creatorcontrib><description>Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease present in more than 88 countries. The currently adopted chemotherapy faces challenges related to side effects and the development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP 4+ , ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on Leishmania braziliensis was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of L. braziliensis promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. Additionally, the number of amastigotes per macrophage was reduced by about 40% after photodynamic application. The treatment showed no considerable toxicity against mammalian cells. 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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP 4+ , ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on Leishmania braziliensis was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of L. braziliensis promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. 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Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP 4+ , ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on Leishmania braziliensis was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of L. braziliensis promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. 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subjects Amastigotes
Biochemistry
Biomaterials
Cell size
Chemistry
Chemotherapy
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Electron microscopy
Hyperpolarization
Integrity
Iodides
Leishmania braziliensis
Macrophages
Mammalian cells
Membrane potential
Mitochondria
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Photodynamic therapy
Physical Chemistry
Plant Sciences
Promastigotes
Propidium iodide
Scanning electron microscopy
Side effects
Toxicity
Vacuoles
Vector-borne diseases
Zinc
title Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis
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