Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease present in more than 88 countries. The currently adopted chemotherapy faces challenges related to side effects and the development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II) meso -tetrakis(...
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creator | Andrade, C. G. Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q. Ribeiro, K. R. C. Souza, L. I. O. Sarmento-Neto, J. F. Rebouças, J. S. Santos, B. S. Ribeiro, M. S. Carvalho, L. B. Fontes, A. |
description | Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease present in more than 88 countries. The currently adopted chemotherapy faces challenges related to side effects and the development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II)
meso
-tetrakis(
N
-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
, ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on
Leishmania braziliensis
was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of
L. braziliensis
promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. Additionally, the number of amastigotes per macrophage was reduced by about 40% after photodynamic application. The treatment showed no considerable toxicity against mammalian cells. Therefore, the results indicated that PDT associated with ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
represents a promising alternative to cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/c7pp00458c |
format | Article |
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meso
-tetrakis(
N
-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
, ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on
Leishmania braziliensis
was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of
L. braziliensis
promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. Additionally, the number of amastigotes per macrophage was reduced by about 40% after photodynamic application. The treatment showed no considerable toxicity against mammalian cells. Therefore, the results indicated that PDT associated with ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
represents a promising alternative to cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1474-905X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1474-9092</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00458c</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29582862</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Amastigotes ; Biochemistry ; Biomaterials ; Cell size ; Chemistry ; Chemotherapy ; Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Electron microscopy ; Hyperpolarization ; Integrity ; Iodides ; Leishmania braziliensis ; Macrophages ; Mammalian cells ; Membrane potential ; Mitochondria ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Photodynamic therapy ; Physical Chemistry ; Plant Sciences ; Promastigotes ; Propidium iodide ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Side effects ; Toxicity ; Vacuoles ; Vector-borne diseases ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Photochemical & photobiological sciences, 2018, Vol.17 (4), p.482-490</ispartof><rights>The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies 2018</rights><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-64be0964d0e3920fb6be90a091288b2a295874e9366281ee451d0c05f2085a7c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-64be0964d0e3920fb6be90a091288b2a295874e9366281ee451d0c05f2085a7c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3818-029X ; 0000-0002-4203-1134 ; 0000-0003-4675-2163 ; 0000-0001-5806-0944 ; 0000-0002-2330-5494</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1039/c7pp00458c$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1039/c7pp00458c$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29582862$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Andrade, C. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, K. R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, L. I. O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarmento-Neto, J. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rebouças, J. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, B. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, M. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, L. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fontes, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis</title><title>Photochemical & photobiological sciences</title><addtitle>Photochem Photobiol Sci</addtitle><addtitle>Photochem Photobiol Sci</addtitle><description>Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease present in more than 88 countries. The currently adopted chemotherapy faces challenges related to side effects and the development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II)
meso
-tetrakis(
N
-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
, ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on
Leishmania braziliensis
was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of
L. braziliensis
promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. Additionally, the number of amastigotes per macrophage was reduced by about 40% after photodynamic application. The treatment showed no considerable toxicity against mammalian cells. Therefore, the results indicated that PDT associated with ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
represents a promising alternative to cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.</description><subject>Amastigotes</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomaterials</subject><subject>Cell size</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Hyperpolarization</subject><subject>Integrity</subject><subject>Iodides</subject><subject>Leishmania braziliensis</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Mammalian cells</subject><subject>Membrane potential</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Photodynamic therapy</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Promastigotes</subject><subject>Propidium iodide</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Vacuoles</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>1474-905X</issn><issn>1474-9092</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNptkE9PwzAMxSMEYmNw4QOgSNxABTdN0-aIJv5Jk-AAErcqTd0105qUpDtsn55OG-zCybb883vWI-QyhrsYEnmvs64D4Gmuj8g45hmPJEh2_NenXyNyFsICIE65yE7JiMk0Z7lgY2LeG9e7am1VazTFukbdU1fTjbGads53zdobS52lfYO0865VoTdz1yNVtqLqMNbOt2F7OkMTmlZZo2jp1cYsDdpgwjk5qdUy4MW-Tsjn0-PH9CWavT2_Th9mkeZM9pHgJYIUvAJMJIO6FCVKUCBjluclU9vXM44yEYLlMSJP4wo0pDWDPFWZTibkeqc7PPu9wtAXC7fydrAsGDAhslRm2UDd7CjtXQge66LzplV-XcRQbFMtDqkO8NVeclW2WP2hvzEOwO0OCMPKztEfPP-R-wFgsYIL</recordid><startdate>2018</startdate><enddate>2018</enddate><creator>Andrade, C. G.</creator><creator>Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q.</creator><creator>Ribeiro, K. R. C.</creator><creator>Souza, L. I. O.</creator><creator>Sarmento-Neto, J. F.</creator><creator>Rebouças, J. S.</creator><creator>Santos, B. S.</creator><creator>Ribeiro, M. S.</creator><creator>Carvalho, L. B.</creator><creator>Fontes, A.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-029X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-1134</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-2163</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5806-0944</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-5494</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2018</creationdate><title>Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis</title><author>Andrade, C. G. ; Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q. ; Ribeiro, K. R. C. ; Souza, L. I. O. ; Sarmento-Neto, J. F. ; Rebouças, J. S. ; Santos, B. S. ; Ribeiro, M. S. ; Carvalho, L. B. ; Fontes, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-64be0964d0e3920fb6be90a091288b2a295874e9366281ee451d0c05f2085a7c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Amastigotes</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomaterials</topic><topic>Cell size</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Hyperpolarization</topic><topic>Integrity</topic><topic>Iodides</topic><topic>Leishmania braziliensis</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Mammalian cells</topic><topic>Membrane potential</topic><topic>Mitochondria</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Photodynamic therapy</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Promastigotes</topic><topic>Propidium iodide</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Vacuoles</topic><topic>Vector-borne diseases</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Andrade, C. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, K. R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, L. I. O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarmento-Neto, J. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rebouças, J. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, B. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, M. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, L. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fontes, A.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Photochemical & photobiological sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Andrade, C. G.</au><au>Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q.</au><au>Ribeiro, K. R. C.</au><au>Souza, L. I. O.</au><au>Sarmento-Neto, J. F.</au><au>Rebouças, J. S.</au><au>Santos, B. S.</au><au>Ribeiro, M. S.</au><au>Carvalho, L. B.</au><au>Fontes, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis</atitle><jtitle>Photochemical & photobiological sciences</jtitle><stitle>Photochem Photobiol Sci</stitle><addtitle>Photochem Photobiol Sci</addtitle><date>2018</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>482</spage><epage>490</epage><pages>482-490</pages><issn>1474-905X</issn><eissn>1474-9092</eissn><abstract>Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease present in more than 88 countries. The currently adopted chemotherapy faces challenges related to side effects and the development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zn(II)
meso
-tetrakis(
N
-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
, ZnP) is a cationic, water-soluble, zinc porphyrin-based photosensitizer whose photodynamic effect on
Leishmania braziliensis
was analyzed by evaluating the number of visibly undamaged and motile cells, cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultrastructural damage. Treatment of parasites with ZnP and light induced damage in up to 90% of
L. braziliensis
promastigote cells. Propidium iodide labeling suggested the loss of plasma membrane integrity. In samples treated with ZnP and light, a hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. Ultrastructural evaluation of promastigotes after photodynamic treatment indicated a loss of cytoplasmic material and the presence of vacuoles. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkling of the plasma membrane and a reduced cell volume. Additionally, the number of amastigotes per macrophage was reduced by about 40% after photodynamic application. The treatment showed no considerable toxicity against mammalian cells. Therefore, the results indicated that PDT associated with ZnTE-2-PyP
4+
represents a promising alternative to cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>29582862</pmid><doi>10.1039/c7pp00458c</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-029X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-1134</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-2163</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5806-0944</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-5494</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Amastigotes Biochemistry Biomaterials Cell size Chemistry Chemotherapy Cutaneous leishmaniasis Electron microscopy Hyperpolarization Integrity Iodides Leishmania braziliensis Macrophages Mammalian cells Membrane potential Mitochondria Parasites Parasitic diseases Photodynamic therapy Physical Chemistry Plant Sciences Promastigotes Propidium iodide Scanning electron microscopy Side effects Toxicity Vacuoles Vector-borne diseases Zinc |
title | Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis |
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