The nexus between income inequality, economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan
This study examines the impact of income inequality and economic growth on environmental degradation in Pakistan using ARDL bounds testing approach for the period 1966-2011. Empirical results for the aggregate CO₂ emissions and its four sources such as CO₂ emissions from solid fuel, liquid fuel and...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | GeoJournal 2018-04, Vol.83 (2), p.207-222 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 222 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 207 |
| container_title | GeoJournal |
| container_volume | 83 |
| creator | Baloch, Amdadullah Shah, Said Zamin Noor, Zaleha Mohd Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh |
| description | This study examines the impact of income inequality and economic growth on environmental degradation in Pakistan using ARDL bounds testing approach for the period 1966-2011. Empirical results for the aggregate CO₂ emissions and its four sources such as CO₂ emissions from solid fuel, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel consumption as well as electricity and heat production confirm the existence of long run cointegrated relationship between income inequality, economic growth and environment degradation. The estimated results indicate that carbon emissions increase as the income gap expands in Pakistan. Besides the negative impact of industrial share and population density on CO₂ emissions, we also confirm that economic growth in Pakistan comes up with higher emissions. Hence, the hypothesis of EKC is not valid for Pakistan during the study period. Our empirical findings are robust as evidenced by dynamic ordinary least squared and the U-tests. Overall, this study suggests that the distribution of income matters to aggregate carbon emissions and focus should be made on sustained economic growth to reduce pollutants and hence CO₂ emission in the study area. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10708-016-9766-3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2024736589</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>45117491</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>45117491</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-634b81dbab8619ef6eff46e0f695db75248b256d268224fe0d0fdbe36bc985cf3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kDtPwzAYRS0EEqXwAxiQLLFi8COxkxEhXlIlGMqK5SSf25TWbm2H0n9PqiDYmO5yz73SQeic0WtGqbqJjCpaEMokKZWURBygEcsVJ2VRikM0oiIThOecHaOTGBeU0lIpNkLv0zlgB19dxBWkLYDDrav9CvqATWeWbdpdYai986u2xrPgt2mOjWswuM82eLcCl8wSNzALpjGp9fsB_Go-2piMO0VH1iwjnP3kGL093E_vnsjk5fH57nZCaiGKRKTIqoI1lakKyUqwEqzNJFAry7ypVM6zouK5bLgsOM8s0IbapgIhq7os8tqKMbocdtfBbzqISS98F1x_qTnlmRIy7z2MERtadfAxBrB6HdqVCTvNqN5r1ING3WvUe41a9AwfmNh33QzC3_J_0MUALWLy4fclyxlTWcnENwwBgHg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2024736589</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The nexus between income inequality, economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan</title><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><creator>Baloch, Amdadullah ; Shah, Said Zamin ; Noor, Zaleha Mohd ; Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh</creator><creatorcontrib>Baloch, Amdadullah ; Shah, Said Zamin ; Noor, Zaleha Mohd ; Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh</creatorcontrib><description>This study examines the impact of income inequality and economic growth on environmental degradation in Pakistan using ARDL bounds testing approach for the period 1966-2011. Empirical results for the aggregate CO₂ emissions and its four sources such as CO₂ emissions from solid fuel, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel consumption as well as electricity and heat production confirm the existence of long run cointegrated relationship between income inequality, economic growth and environment degradation. The estimated results indicate that carbon emissions increase as the income gap expands in Pakistan. Besides the negative impact of industrial share and population density on CO₂ emissions, we also confirm that economic growth in Pakistan comes up with higher emissions. Hence, the hypothesis of EKC is not valid for Pakistan during the study period. Our empirical findings are robust as evidenced by dynamic ordinary least squared and the U-tests. Overall, this study suggests that the distribution of income matters to aggregate carbon emissions and focus should be made on sustained economic growth to reduce pollutants and hence CO₂ emission in the study area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0343-2521</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-9893</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10708-016-9766-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer</publisher><subject>Aggregates ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Consumption ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Economic inequality ; Economic models ; Economics ; Electricity ; Electricity consumption ; Emission analysis ; Emissions ; Energy consumption ; Environmental degradation ; Environmental impact ; Environmental Management ; Fuels ; Geography ; Human Geography ; Impact analysis ; Income ; Income inequality ; Liquid fuels ; Pollutants ; Pollution control ; Pollution sources ; Population density ; Social Sciences ; Socioeconomics ; Solid fuels</subject><ispartof>GeoJournal, 2018-04, Vol.83 (2), p.207-222</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017</rights><rights>GeoJournal is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-634b81dbab8619ef6eff46e0f695db75248b256d268224fe0d0fdbe36bc985cf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-634b81dbab8619ef6eff46e0f695db75248b256d268224fe0d0fdbe36bc985cf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/45117491$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/45117491$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,800,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300,57998,58231</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baloch, Amdadullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Said Zamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noor, Zaleha Mohd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh</creatorcontrib><title>The nexus between income inequality, economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan</title><title>GeoJournal</title><addtitle>GeoJournal</addtitle><description>This study examines the impact of income inequality and economic growth on environmental degradation in Pakistan using ARDL bounds testing approach for the period 1966-2011. Empirical results for the aggregate CO₂ emissions and its four sources such as CO₂ emissions from solid fuel, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel consumption as well as electricity and heat production confirm the existence of long run cointegrated relationship between income inequality, economic growth and environment degradation. The estimated results indicate that carbon emissions increase as the income gap expands in Pakistan. Besides the negative impact of industrial share and population density on CO₂ emissions, we also confirm that economic growth in Pakistan comes up with higher emissions. Hence, the hypothesis of EKC is not valid for Pakistan during the study period. Our empirical findings are robust as evidenced by dynamic ordinary least squared and the U-tests. Overall, this study suggests that the distribution of income matters to aggregate carbon emissions and focus should be made on sustained economic growth to reduce pollutants and hence CO₂ emission in the study area.</description><subject>Aggregates</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Economic development</subject><subject>Economic growth</subject><subject>Economic inequality</subject><subject>Economic models</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Electricity</subject><subject>Electricity consumption</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Environmental degradation</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Fuels</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Human Geography</subject><subject>Impact analysis</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Income inequality</subject><subject>Liquid fuels</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution control</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Population density</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Socioeconomics</subject><subject>Solid fuels</subject><issn>0343-2521</issn><issn>1572-9893</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kDtPwzAYRS0EEqXwAxiQLLFi8COxkxEhXlIlGMqK5SSf25TWbm2H0n9PqiDYmO5yz73SQeic0WtGqbqJjCpaEMokKZWURBygEcsVJ2VRikM0oiIThOecHaOTGBeU0lIpNkLv0zlgB19dxBWkLYDDrav9CvqATWeWbdpdYai986u2xrPgt2mOjWswuM82eLcCl8wSNzALpjGp9fsB_Go-2piMO0VH1iwjnP3kGL093E_vnsjk5fH57nZCaiGKRKTIqoI1lakKyUqwEqzNJFAry7ypVM6zouK5bLgsOM8s0IbapgIhq7os8tqKMbocdtfBbzqISS98F1x_qTnlmRIy7z2MERtadfAxBrB6HdqVCTvNqN5r1ING3WvUe41a9AwfmNh33QzC3_J_0MUALWLy4fclyxlTWcnENwwBgHg</recordid><startdate>20180401</startdate><enddate>20180401</enddate><creator>Baloch, Amdadullah</creator><creator>Shah, Said Zamin</creator><creator>Noor, Zaleha Mohd</creator><creator>Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh</creator><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180401</creationdate><title>The nexus between income inequality, economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan</title><author>Baloch, Amdadullah ; Shah, Said Zamin ; Noor, Zaleha Mohd ; Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-634b81dbab8619ef6eff46e0f695db75248b256d268224fe0d0fdbe36bc985cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Aggregates</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide emissions</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Economic development</topic><topic>Economic growth</topic><topic>Economic inequality</topic><topic>Economic models</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Electricity</topic><topic>Electricity consumption</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Environmental degradation</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Fuels</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Human Geography</topic><topic>Impact analysis</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>Income inequality</topic><topic>Liquid fuels</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution control</topic><topic>Pollution sources</topic><topic>Population density</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Socioeconomics</topic><topic>Solid fuels</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baloch, Amdadullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Said Zamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noor, Zaleha Mohd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>GeoJournal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baloch, Amdadullah</au><au>Shah, Said Zamin</au><au>Noor, Zaleha Mohd</au><au>Magsi, Hussian Bakhsh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The nexus between income inequality, economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>GeoJournal</jtitle><stitle>GeoJournal</stitle><date>2018-04-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>83</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>207</spage><epage>222</epage><pages>207-222</pages><issn>0343-2521</issn><eissn>1572-9893</eissn><abstract>This study examines the impact of income inequality and economic growth on environmental degradation in Pakistan using ARDL bounds testing approach for the period 1966-2011. Empirical results for the aggregate CO₂ emissions and its four sources such as CO₂ emissions from solid fuel, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel consumption as well as electricity and heat production confirm the existence of long run cointegrated relationship between income inequality, economic growth and environment degradation. The estimated results indicate that carbon emissions increase as the income gap expands in Pakistan. Besides the negative impact of industrial share and population density on CO₂ emissions, we also confirm that economic growth in Pakistan comes up with higher emissions. Hence, the hypothesis of EKC is not valid for Pakistan during the study period. Our empirical findings are robust as evidenced by dynamic ordinary least squared and the U-tests. Overall, this study suggests that the distribution of income matters to aggregate carbon emissions and focus should be made on sustained economic growth to reduce pollutants and hence CO₂ emission in the study area.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer</pub><doi>10.1007/s10708-016-9766-3</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0343-2521 |
| ispartof | GeoJournal, 2018-04, Vol.83 (2), p.207-222 |
| issn | 0343-2521 1572-9893 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2024736589 |
| source | SpringerLink Journals; Jstor Complete Legacy |
| subjects | Aggregates Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Consumption Economic development Economic growth Economic inequality Economic models Economics Electricity Electricity consumption Emission analysis Emissions Energy consumption Environmental degradation Environmental impact Environmental Management Fuels Geography Human Geography Impact analysis Income Income inequality Liquid fuels Pollutants Pollution control Pollution sources Population density Social Sciences Socioeconomics Solid fuels |
| title | The nexus between income inequality, economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T10%3A04%3A15IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20nexus%20between%20income%20inequality,%20economic%20growth%20and%20environmental%20degradation%20in%20Pakistan&rft.jtitle=GeoJournal&rft.au=Baloch,%20Amdadullah&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.epage=222&rft.pages=207-222&rft.issn=0343-2521&rft.eissn=1572-9893&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10708-016-9766-3&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E45117491%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2024736589&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_jstor_id=45117491&rfr_iscdi=true |