A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor/outdoor comparisons
Air quality and comfort parameters in a naturally ventilated aquatic centre were studied in relation to the outdoor pollution levels. Simultaneous measurements of PM 2.5, as well as of volatile organic compounds, were carried out for the indoor and outdoor environment of the aquatic centre. The chem...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2018-06, Vol.25 (17), p.16710-16719 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 16719 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 17 |
| container_start_page | 16710 |
| container_title | Environmental science and pollution research international |
| container_volume | 25 |
| creator | Tolis, Evangelos I. Panaras, Giorgos Bartzis, John G. |
| description | Air quality and comfort parameters in a naturally ventilated aquatic centre were studied in relation to the outdoor pollution levels. Simultaneous measurements of PM 2.5, as well as of volatile organic compounds, were carried out for the indoor and outdoor environment of the aquatic centre. The chemical analysis of ionic species and trace elements associated with particulate matter was also performed. In addition, automated analyzer for NO
2
and O
3
was used in order to record the indoor and outdoor levels of these pollutants. Analysis of diurnal variation of the pollutants’ concentration was applied to the collected data, allowing the identification of potential variation on the sources affecting the indoor air quality. PM 2.5 concentration was almost two times higher indoors than outdoors with average values of 13.96 and 6.78 μg/m
3
, respectively. Concerning the ion fraction of PM 2.5, SO
4
2−
and Ca
2+
were the ions with higher concentration indoors with values of 1.06 and 0.93 μg/m
3
, respectively, while the percentage of Cl
−
to the PM 2.5 fraction of the indoor atmosphere (9%) was too high than outdoor ones (1%). These results showed that indoor air of swimming pool concerning PM 2.5 and ionic species is mainly affected by the chlorination process along with the comfort conditions (high relative humidity) created during the operation of the facility. The common volatile organic compound concentrations at indoor air are generally in higher levels, compared to the outdoor air with p,m-xylene and toluene to be the substances with the higher concentration for indoor and outdoor area, respectively (7.80 and 1.57 μg/m
3
); nevertheless, values were rather low compared with the findings of other studies. Also, they clearly demonstrate a diurnal variation as a result of poor ventilation during night. As it was expected, chloroform showed the highest concentration compared to the other volatile organic compounds with values ranging from 3.35 to 135.89 μg/m
3
, with an average of 54.50 μg/m
3
. Concerning the NO
2
concentration, indoor levels showed an increased pattern when the swimming pool was fully occupied, a fact that reveals a possible correlation. As an overall conclusion, the natural ventilation and the disinfection process seem to play a key role to the air quality of the indoor air of the aquatic centre. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-018-1882-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2020628569</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2020628569</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-f0ba6830fb05dc47dbf1586357864d0598816e7f9a82bf16d5f80bd0ddf91d1a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kD9PwzAQxS0EoqXwAVhQJOZQn-M4NltV8acSEgssLJYTO8VVG7d2UqnfHocUmFjuhvfu3d0PoWvAd4BxMQ0AWc5SDDwFzkkqTtAYGNC0oEKcojEWlKaQUTpCFyGsMCZYkOIcjYhgAEDIGH3Mkspttt58mibYvUmU9cmuU2vbHhLb7E1o7VK11jWJahMVaxRbWyWVaVpv7pNFo53zU9e1ff8OU94G14RLdFardTBXxz5B748Pb_Pn9OX1aTGfvaQVBWjTGpeK8QzXJc51RQtd1pBzluUFZ1TjXHAOzBS1UJxEiem85rjUWOtagAaVTdDtkLv1btfFg-XKdb6JKyWJHzPCcyaiCwZX5V0I3tRy6-1G-YMELHuacqApI03Z05T9zM0xuSs3Rv9O_OCLBjIYQpSapfF_q_9P_QLY24CJ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2020628569</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor/outdoor comparisons</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Tolis, Evangelos I. ; Panaras, Giorgos ; Bartzis, John G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Tolis, Evangelos I. ; Panaras, Giorgos ; Bartzis, John G.</creatorcontrib><description>Air quality and comfort parameters in a naturally ventilated aquatic centre were studied in relation to the outdoor pollution levels. Simultaneous measurements of PM 2.5, as well as of volatile organic compounds, were carried out for the indoor and outdoor environment of the aquatic centre. The chemical analysis of ionic species and trace elements associated with particulate matter was also performed. In addition, automated analyzer for NO
2
and O
3
was used in order to record the indoor and outdoor levels of these pollutants. Analysis of diurnal variation of the pollutants’ concentration was applied to the collected data, allowing the identification of potential variation on the sources affecting the indoor air quality. PM 2.5 concentration was almost two times higher indoors than outdoors with average values of 13.96 and 6.78 μg/m
3
, respectively. Concerning the ion fraction of PM 2.5, SO
4
2−
and Ca
2+
were the ions with higher concentration indoors with values of 1.06 and 0.93 μg/m
3
, respectively, while the percentage of Cl
−
to the PM 2.5 fraction of the indoor atmosphere (9%) was too high than outdoor ones (1%). These results showed that indoor air of swimming pool concerning PM 2.5 and ionic species is mainly affected by the chlorination process along with the comfort conditions (high relative humidity) created during the operation of the facility. The common volatile organic compound concentrations at indoor air are generally in higher levels, compared to the outdoor air with p,m-xylene and toluene to be the substances with the higher concentration for indoor and outdoor area, respectively (7.80 and 1.57 μg/m
3
); nevertheless, values were rather low compared with the findings of other studies. Also, they clearly demonstrate a diurnal variation as a result of poor ventilation during night. As it was expected, chloroform showed the highest concentration compared to the other volatile organic compounds with values ranging from 3.35 to 135.89 μg/m
3
, with an average of 54.50 μg/m
3
. Concerning the NO
2
concentration, indoor levels showed an increased pattern when the swimming pool was fully occupied, a fact that reveals a possible correlation. As an overall conclusion, the natural ventilation and the disinfection process seem to play a key role to the air quality of the indoor air of the aquatic centre.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1882-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29611122</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Air Pollution - analysis ; Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis ; Air quality ; Airborne particulates ; Aquatic environment ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmosphere ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Calcium ; Calcium ions ; Chemical analysis ; Chloroform ; Disinfection ; Diurnal ; Diurnal variations ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental science ; Humans ; Indoor air pollution ; Indoor air quality ; Indoor environments ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Organic compounds ; Outdoors ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Pollutants ; Pollution levels ; Recreation ; Relative humidity ; Research Article ; Swimming pools ; Toluene ; Trace elements ; Variation ; Ventilation ; VOCs ; Volatile organic compounds ; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis ; Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Xylene ; Xylenes - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018-06, Vol.25 (17), p.16710-16719</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>Environmental Science and Pollution Research is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-f0ba6830fb05dc47dbf1586357864d0598816e7f9a82bf16d5f80bd0ddf91d1a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-f0ba6830fb05dc47dbf1586357864d0598816e7f9a82bf16d5f80bd0ddf91d1a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-018-1882-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-018-1882-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29611122$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tolis, Evangelos I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panaras, Giorgos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartzis, John G.</creatorcontrib><title>A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor/outdoor comparisons</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Air quality and comfort parameters in a naturally ventilated aquatic centre were studied in relation to the outdoor pollution levels. Simultaneous measurements of PM 2.5, as well as of volatile organic compounds, were carried out for the indoor and outdoor environment of the aquatic centre. The chemical analysis of ionic species and trace elements associated with particulate matter was also performed. In addition, automated analyzer for NO
2
and O
3
was used in order to record the indoor and outdoor levels of these pollutants. Analysis of diurnal variation of the pollutants’ concentration was applied to the collected data, allowing the identification of potential variation on the sources affecting the indoor air quality. PM 2.5 concentration was almost two times higher indoors than outdoors with average values of 13.96 and 6.78 μg/m
3
, respectively. Concerning the ion fraction of PM 2.5, SO
4
2−
and Ca
2+
were the ions with higher concentration indoors with values of 1.06 and 0.93 μg/m
3
, respectively, while the percentage of Cl
−
to the PM 2.5 fraction of the indoor atmosphere (9%) was too high than outdoor ones (1%). These results showed that indoor air of swimming pool concerning PM 2.5 and ionic species is mainly affected by the chlorination process along with the comfort conditions (high relative humidity) created during the operation of the facility. The common volatile organic compound concentrations at indoor air are generally in higher levels, compared to the outdoor air with p,m-xylene and toluene to be the substances with the higher concentration for indoor and outdoor area, respectively (7.80 and 1.57 μg/m
3
); nevertheless, values were rather low compared with the findings of other studies. Also, they clearly demonstrate a diurnal variation as a result of poor ventilation during night. As it was expected, chloroform showed the highest concentration compared to the other volatile organic compounds with values ranging from 3.35 to 135.89 μg/m
3
, with an average of 54.50 μg/m
3
. Concerning the NO
2
concentration, indoor levels showed an increased pattern when the swimming pool was fully occupied, a fact that reveals a possible correlation. As an overall conclusion, the natural ventilation and the disinfection process seem to play a key role to the air quality of the indoor air of the aquatic centre.</description><subject>Air Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</subject><subject>Air quality</subject><subject>Airborne particulates</subject><subject>Aquatic environment</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium ions</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Chloroform</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Diurnal</subject><subject>Diurnal variations</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indoor air pollution</subject><subject>Indoor air quality</subject><subject>Indoor environments</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>Outdoors</subject><subject>Particulate emissions</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution levels</subject><subject>Recreation</subject><subject>Relative humidity</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Swimming pools</subject><subject>Toluene</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Variation</subject><subject>Ventilation</subject><subject>VOCs</subject><subject>Volatile organic compounds</subject><subject>Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis</subject><subject>Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Xylene</subject><subject>Xylenes - chemistry</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kD9PwzAQxS0EoqXwAVhQJOZQn-M4NltV8acSEgssLJYTO8VVG7d2UqnfHocUmFjuhvfu3d0PoWvAd4BxMQ0AWc5SDDwFzkkqTtAYGNC0oEKcojEWlKaQUTpCFyGsMCZYkOIcjYhgAEDIGH3Mkspttt58mibYvUmU9cmuU2vbHhLb7E1o7VK11jWJahMVaxRbWyWVaVpv7pNFo53zU9e1ff8OU94G14RLdFardTBXxz5B748Pb_Pn9OX1aTGfvaQVBWjTGpeK8QzXJc51RQtd1pBzluUFZ1TjXHAOzBS1UJxEiem85rjUWOtagAaVTdDtkLv1btfFg-XKdb6JKyWJHzPCcyaiCwZX5V0I3tRy6-1G-YMELHuacqApI03Z05T9zM0xuSs3Rv9O_OCLBjIYQpSapfF_q_9P_QLY24CJ</recordid><startdate>20180601</startdate><enddate>20180601</enddate><creator>Tolis, Evangelos I.</creator><creator>Panaras, Giorgos</creator><creator>Bartzis, John G.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180601</creationdate><title>A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor/outdoor comparisons</title><author>Tolis, Evangelos I. ; Panaras, Giorgos ; Bartzis, John G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-f0ba6830fb05dc47dbf1586357864d0598816e7f9a82bf16d5f80bd0ddf91d1a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Air Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</topic><topic>Air quality</topic><topic>Airborne particulates</topic><topic>Aquatic environment</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmosphere</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium ions</topic><topic>Chemical analysis</topic><topic>Chloroform</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Diurnal</topic><topic>Diurnal variations</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Indoor air pollution</topic><topic>Indoor air quality</topic><topic>Indoor environments</topic><topic>Nitrogen dioxide</topic><topic>Organic compounds</topic><topic>Outdoors</topic><topic>Particulate emissions</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - analysis</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution levels</topic><topic>Recreation</topic><topic>Relative humidity</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Swimming pools</topic><topic>Toluene</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Variation</topic><topic>Ventilation</topic><topic>VOCs</topic><topic>Volatile organic compounds</topic><topic>Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis</topic><topic>Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Xylene</topic><topic>Xylenes - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tolis, Evangelos I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panaras, Giorgos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartzis, John G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tolis, Evangelos I.</au><au>Panaras, Giorgos</au><au>Bartzis, John G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor/outdoor comparisons</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2018-06-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>16710</spage><epage>16719</epage><pages>16710-16719</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Air quality and comfort parameters in a naturally ventilated aquatic centre were studied in relation to the outdoor pollution levels. Simultaneous measurements of PM 2.5, as well as of volatile organic compounds, were carried out for the indoor and outdoor environment of the aquatic centre. The chemical analysis of ionic species and trace elements associated with particulate matter was also performed. In addition, automated analyzer for NO
2
and O
3
was used in order to record the indoor and outdoor levels of these pollutants. Analysis of diurnal variation of the pollutants’ concentration was applied to the collected data, allowing the identification of potential variation on the sources affecting the indoor air quality. PM 2.5 concentration was almost two times higher indoors than outdoors with average values of 13.96 and 6.78 μg/m
3
, respectively. Concerning the ion fraction of PM 2.5, SO
4
2−
and Ca
2+
were the ions with higher concentration indoors with values of 1.06 and 0.93 μg/m
3
, respectively, while the percentage of Cl
−
to the PM 2.5 fraction of the indoor atmosphere (9%) was too high than outdoor ones (1%). These results showed that indoor air of swimming pool concerning PM 2.5 and ionic species is mainly affected by the chlorination process along with the comfort conditions (high relative humidity) created during the operation of the facility. The common volatile organic compound concentrations at indoor air are generally in higher levels, compared to the outdoor air with p,m-xylene and toluene to be the substances with the higher concentration for indoor and outdoor area, respectively (7.80 and 1.57 μg/m
3
); nevertheless, values were rather low compared with the findings of other studies. Also, they clearly demonstrate a diurnal variation as a result of poor ventilation during night. As it was expected, chloroform showed the highest concentration compared to the other volatile organic compounds with values ranging from 3.35 to 135.89 μg/m
3
, with an average of 54.50 μg/m
3
. Concerning the NO
2
concentration, indoor levels showed an increased pattern when the swimming pool was fully occupied, a fact that reveals a possible correlation. As an overall conclusion, the natural ventilation and the disinfection process seem to play a key role to the air quality of the indoor air of the aquatic centre.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>29611122</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-018-1882-9</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0944-1344 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018-06, Vol.25 (17), p.16710-16719 |
| issn | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2020628569 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Air Pollution - analysis Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Air quality Airborne particulates Aquatic environment Aquatic Pollution Atmosphere Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Calcium Calcium ions Chemical analysis Chloroform Disinfection Diurnal Diurnal variations Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Environmental science Humans Indoor air pollution Indoor air quality Indoor environments Nitrogen dioxide Organic compounds Outdoors Particulate emissions Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Pollutants Pollution levels Recreation Relative humidity Research Article Swimming pools Toluene Trace elements Variation Ventilation VOCs Volatile organic compounds Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Xylene Xylenes - chemistry |
| title | A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor/outdoor comparisons |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-08T14%3A50%3A20IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20comprehensive%20air%20quality%20investigation%20at%20an%20aquatic%20centre:%20Indoor/outdoor%20comparisons&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20science%20and%20pollution%20research%20international&rft.au=Tolis,%20Evangelos%20I.&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=16710&rft.epage=16719&rft.pages=16710-16719&rft.issn=0944-1344&rft.eissn=1614-7499&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11356-018-1882-9&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2020628569%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2020628569&rft_id=info:pmid/29611122&rfr_iscdi=true |