Co-localized AFM-Raman: A powerful tool to optimize the sol-gel chemistry of hybrid polymer membranes for fuel cell
Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a promising emission free energy technology. New generation of hybrid membrane for hydrogen fuel cells were produced from commercial sPEEK membranes, chemically and mechanically stabilized with a Sol-Gel (SG) phase. To study the process-structure-properties rel...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymer (Guilford) 2018-02, Vol.137, p.231-244 |
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| creator | Cosas Fernandes, J.P. Mareau, V.H. Gonon, L. |
| description | Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a promising emission free energy technology. New generation of hybrid membrane for hydrogen fuel cells were produced from commercial sPEEK membranes, chemically and mechanically stabilized with a Sol-Gel (SG) phase. To study the process-structure-properties relationship of our alternative membranes we coupled Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy on membranes prepared by cryo-ultramicrotomy without epoxy embedding. This paper demonstrates the powerfulness of co-localized AFM-Raman analysis, revealing the inner structure of hybrid membranes. We obtained quantitative data on the diffusion/condensation of SG precursors inside the sPEEK membrane. Co-localized analyses revealed the formation of skin layers with lower SG concentration on both sides of the membrane. The diffusion of species from the SG phase at the cross-section surface was observed at the first step of fabrication (insufficient SG condensation) and disappeared after hydrothermal treatments (improved SG condensation). The nano-mechanical data revealed a densification of the SG phase through the fabrication process.
[Display omitted]
•Advanced membrane cross-sectioning using cryo-ultramicrotomy without epoxy embedding.•Powerful characterization coupling co-localized AFM/Raman and SEM/STEM.•Improving commercial ionomer membranes' performances by Sol-Gel impregnation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.014 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]
•Advanced membrane cross-sectioning using cryo-ultramicrotomy without epoxy embedding.•Powerful characterization coupling co-localized AFM/Raman and SEM/STEM.•Improving commercial ionomer membranes' performances by Sol-Gel impregnation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-3861</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.014</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>AFM ; Atomic force microscopy ; Atomic structure ; Condensation ; Cryo-ultramicrotomy ; Densification ; Diffusion ; Embedding ; Energy technology ; Fabrication ; Free energy ; Fuel cells ; Fuel technology ; Hydrogen ; Membranes ; Microscopy ; Polymer membrane ; Polymers ; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; Raman ; Skin ; Sol-gel ; Sol-gel processes ; Species diffusion ; STEM ; Studies ; Ultramicrotomy</subject><ispartof>Polymer (Guilford), 2018-02, Vol.137, p.231-244</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Feb 14, 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-e00c30f41089c20c181104a72ba329b30c90084cadfc95cc63349cf4334dc6803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-e00c30f41089c20c181104a72ba329b30c90084cadfc95cc63349cf4334dc6803</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6131-9926</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.014$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cosas Fernandes, J.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mareau, V.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonon, L.</creatorcontrib><title>Co-localized AFM-Raman: A powerful tool to optimize the sol-gel chemistry of hybrid polymer membranes for fuel cell</title><title>Polymer (Guilford)</title><description>Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a promising emission free energy technology. New generation of hybrid membrane for hydrogen fuel cells were produced from commercial sPEEK membranes, chemically and mechanically stabilized with a Sol-Gel (SG) phase. To study the process-structure-properties relationship of our alternative membranes we coupled Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy on membranes prepared by cryo-ultramicrotomy without epoxy embedding. This paper demonstrates the powerfulness of co-localized AFM-Raman analysis, revealing the inner structure of hybrid membranes. We obtained quantitative data on the diffusion/condensation of SG precursors inside the sPEEK membrane. Co-localized analyses revealed the formation of skin layers with lower SG concentration on both sides of the membrane. The diffusion of species from the SG phase at the cross-section surface was observed at the first step of fabrication (insufficient SG condensation) and disappeared after hydrothermal treatments (improved SG condensation). The nano-mechanical data revealed a densification of the SG phase through the fabrication process.
[Display omitted]
•Advanced membrane cross-sectioning using cryo-ultramicrotomy without epoxy embedding.•Powerful characterization coupling co-localized AFM/Raman and SEM/STEM.•Improving commercial ionomer membranes' performances by Sol-Gel impregnation.</description><subject>AFM</subject><subject>Atomic force microscopy</subject><subject>Atomic structure</subject><subject>Condensation</subject><subject>Cryo-ultramicrotomy</subject><subject>Densification</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>Embedding</subject><subject>Energy technology</subject><subject>Fabrication</subject><subject>Free energy</subject><subject>Fuel cells</subject><subject>Fuel technology</subject><subject>Hydrogen</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Polymer membrane</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells</subject><subject>Raman</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Sol-gel</subject><subject>Sol-gel processes</subject><subject>Species diffusion</subject><subject>STEM</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Ultramicrotomy</subject><issn>0032-3861</issn><issn>1873-2291</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkFFrGzEMx03ZYFnajzAw7PlS2b5LfXspIaztoKVQ1mfj6OTGwRdf7ctK9unnI3kfCOlBv7-kvxj7JmAhQCyvd4shhmNPaSFB6AWIEvUFmwl9oyopW_GJzQCUrJReii_sa847AJCNrGcsr2MVItrg_1LHV3dP1Yvt7f4HX_EhflByh8DHGKfE4zD6vnB83BLPMVRvFDhuqfd5TEceHd8eN8l3_HwO76nfJLunzF1M3B0mnEK4ZJ-dDZmuznXOXu9-_l4_VI_P97_Wq8cKpW7HigBQgasF6BYloNBCQG1v5MYq2W4UYAuga7Sdw7ZBXCpVt-jqUjpcalBz9v00d0jx_UB5NLt4SPuy0pRHFU43TVuo5kRhijkncmZIvrfpaASY6b9mZ86GJpk2IMyknrPbk46KhT--dDN62iN1PhGOpov-PxP-AYJwhqQ</recordid><startdate>20180214</startdate><enddate>20180214</enddate><creator>Cosas Fernandes, J.P.</creator><creator>Mareau, V.H.</creator><creator>Gonon, L.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-9926</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180214</creationdate><title>Co-localized AFM-Raman: A powerful tool to optimize the sol-gel chemistry of hybrid polymer membranes for fuel cell</title><author>Cosas Fernandes, J.P. ; Mareau, V.H. ; Gonon, L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-e00c30f41089c20c181104a72ba329b30c90084cadfc95cc63349cf4334dc6803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>AFM</topic><topic>Atomic force microscopy</topic><topic>Atomic structure</topic><topic>Condensation</topic><topic>Cryo-ultramicrotomy</topic><topic>Densification</topic><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>Embedding</topic><topic>Energy technology</topic><topic>Fabrication</topic><topic>Free energy</topic><topic>Fuel cells</topic><topic>Fuel technology</topic><topic>Hydrogen</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Polymer membrane</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells</topic><topic>Raman</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Sol-gel</topic><topic>Sol-gel processes</topic><topic>Species diffusion</topic><topic>STEM</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Ultramicrotomy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cosas Fernandes, J.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mareau, V.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonon, L.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Polymer (Guilford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cosas Fernandes, J.P.</au><au>Mareau, V.H.</au><au>Gonon, L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Co-localized AFM-Raman: A powerful tool to optimize the sol-gel chemistry of hybrid polymer membranes for fuel cell</atitle><jtitle>Polymer (Guilford)</jtitle><date>2018-02-14</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>137</volume><spage>231</spage><epage>244</epage><pages>231-244</pages><issn>0032-3861</issn><eissn>1873-2291</eissn><abstract>Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a promising emission free energy technology. New generation of hybrid membrane for hydrogen fuel cells were produced from commercial sPEEK membranes, chemically and mechanically stabilized with a Sol-Gel (SG) phase. To study the process-structure-properties relationship of our alternative membranes we coupled Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy on membranes prepared by cryo-ultramicrotomy without epoxy embedding. This paper demonstrates the powerfulness of co-localized AFM-Raman analysis, revealing the inner structure of hybrid membranes. We obtained quantitative data on the diffusion/condensation of SG precursors inside the sPEEK membrane. Co-localized analyses revealed the formation of skin layers with lower SG concentration on both sides of the membrane. The diffusion of species from the SG phase at the cross-section surface was observed at the first step of fabrication (insufficient SG condensation) and disappeared after hydrothermal treatments (improved SG condensation). The nano-mechanical data revealed a densification of the SG phase through the fabrication process.
[Display omitted]
•Advanced membrane cross-sectioning using cryo-ultramicrotomy without epoxy embedding.•Powerful characterization coupling co-localized AFM/Raman and SEM/STEM.•Improving commercial ionomer membranes' performances by Sol-Gel impregnation.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.014</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-9926</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | AFM Atomic force microscopy Atomic structure Condensation Cryo-ultramicrotomy Densification Diffusion Embedding Energy technology Fabrication Free energy Fuel cells Fuel technology Hydrogen Membranes Microscopy Polymer membrane Polymers Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Raman Skin Sol-gel Sol-gel processes Species diffusion STEM Studies Ultramicrotomy |
| title | Co-localized AFM-Raman: A powerful tool to optimize the sol-gel chemistry of hybrid polymer membranes for fuel cell |
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