Rapid magnetosome formation shown by real-time x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
Magnetosomes are magnetite nanoparticles formed by biomineralization within magnetotactic bacteria. Although there have been numerous genetic and proteomic studies of the magnetosome-formation process, there have been only limited and inconclusive studies of mineral-phase evolution during the format...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2007-12, Vol.104 (49), p.19524-19528 |
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| creator | Staniland, Sarah Ward, Bruce Harrison, Andrew van der Laan, Gerrit Telling, Neil |
| description | Magnetosomes are magnetite nanoparticles formed by biomineralization within magnetotactic bacteria. Although there have been numerous genetic and proteomic studies of the magnetosome-formation process, there have been only limited and inconclusive studies of mineral-phase evolution during the formation process, and no real-time studies of such processes have yet been performed. Thus, suggested formation mechanisms still need substantiating with data. Here we report the examination of the magnetosome material throughout the formation process in a real-time in vivo study of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, strain MSR-1. Transmission EM and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that full-sized magnetosomes are seen 15 min after formation is initiated. These immature magnetosomes contain a surface layer of the nonmagnetic iron oxide-phase hematite. Mature magnetite is found after another 15 min, concurrent with a dramatic increase in magnetization. This rapid formation result is contrary to previously reported studies and discounts the previously proposed slow, multistep formation mechanisms. Thus, we conclude that the biomineralization of magnetite occurs rapidly in magnetotactic bacteria on a similar time scale to high-temperature chemical precipitation reactions, and we suggest that this finding is caused by a biological catalysis of the process. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.0704879104 |
| format | Article |
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Although there have been numerous genetic and proteomic studies of the magnetosome-formation process, there have been only limited and inconclusive studies of mineral-phase evolution during the formation process, and no real-time studies of such processes have yet been performed. Thus, suggested formation mechanisms still need substantiating with data. Here we report the examination of the magnetosome material throughout the formation process in a real-time in vivo study of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, strain MSR-1. Transmission EM and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that full-sized magnetosomes are seen 15 min after formation is initiated. These immature magnetosomes contain a surface layer of the nonmagnetic iron oxide-phase hematite. Mature magnetite is found after another 15 min, concurrent with a dramatic increase in magnetization. This rapid formation result is contrary to previously reported studies and discounts the previously proposed slow, multistep formation mechanisms. Thus, we conclude that the biomineralization of magnetite occurs rapidly in magnetotactic bacteria on a similar time scale to high-temperature chemical precipitation reactions, and we suggest that this finding is caused by a biological catalysis of the process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704879104</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18032611</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Absorption spectroscopy ; Bacteria ; Biological Sciences ; Biomineralogy ; Catalysis ; Chemical precipitation ; Circular Dichroism - methods ; Crystals ; Ferrosoferric Oxide - analysis ; Ferrosoferric Oxide - metabolism ; Genetics ; High temperature ; Inclusion Bodies - chemistry ; Inclusion Bodies - metabolism ; Inductive reasoning ; Iron oxides ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetics ; Magnetite ; Magnetization ; Magnetosomes ; Magnetospirillum ; Magnetospirillum - growth & development ; Magnetospirillum - metabolism ; Magnetospirillum - ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mineralization ; Minerals ; Nanoparticles ; Nanoparticles - analysis ; Proteomics ; Spectrum analysis ; X-Rays</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2007-12, Vol.104 (49), p.19524-19528</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2007 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Dec 4, 2007</rights><rights>2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a643t-bd7fe8bd1f513a5bf8bab0f50862e95639e639868a888cda1bdd875e5e6f0e763</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a643t-bd7fe8bd1f513a5bf8bab0f50862e95639e639868a888cda1bdd875e5e6f0e763</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/104/49.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25450742$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25450742$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,801,883,27911,27912,53778,53780,58004,58237</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18032611$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Staniland, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Bruce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harrison, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Laan, Gerrit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Telling, Neil</creatorcontrib><title>Rapid magnetosome formation shown by real-time x-ray magnetic circular dichroism</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Magnetosomes are magnetite nanoparticles formed by biomineralization within magnetotactic bacteria. Although there have been numerous genetic and proteomic studies of the magnetosome-formation process, there have been only limited and inconclusive studies of mineral-phase evolution during the formation process, and no real-time studies of such processes have yet been performed. Thus, suggested formation mechanisms still need substantiating with data. Here we report the examination of the magnetosome material throughout the formation process in a real-time in vivo study of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, strain MSR-1. Transmission EM and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that full-sized magnetosomes are seen 15 min after formation is initiated. These immature magnetosomes contain a surface layer of the nonmagnetic iron oxide-phase hematite. Mature magnetite is found after another 15 min, concurrent with a dramatic increase in magnetization. This rapid formation result is contrary to previously reported studies and discounts the previously proposed slow, multistep formation mechanisms. Thus, we conclude that the biomineralization of magnetite occurs rapidly in magnetotactic bacteria on a similar time scale to high-temperature chemical precipitation reactions, and we suggest that this finding is caused by a biological catalysis of the process.</description><subject>Absorption spectroscopy</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Biomineralogy</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Chemical precipitation</subject><subject>Circular Dichroism - methods</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Ferrosoferric Oxide - analysis</subject><subject>Ferrosoferric Oxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Inclusion Bodies - chemistry</subject><subject>Inclusion Bodies - metabolism</subject><subject>Inductive reasoning</subject><subject>Iron oxides</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetics</subject><subject>Magnetite</subject><subject>Magnetization</subject><subject>Magnetosomes</subject><subject>Magnetospirillum</subject><subject>Magnetospirillum - growth & development</subject><subject>Magnetospirillum - metabolism</subject><subject>Magnetospirillum - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Transmission</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanoparticles - analysis</subject><subject>Proteomics</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>X-Rays</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1v1DAQxS0EokvhzAmIOCBxSDv-zOSChCq-pEogoGfLSexdr5J4sRPo_vc42lUXuHCwfHi_eZo3j5CnFC4oVPxyN5p0ARUIrGoK4h5ZUahpqUQN98kKgFUlCibOyKOUtgBQS4SH5IwicKYoXZEvX83Od8Vg1qOdQgqDLVyIg5l8GIu0Cb_GotkX0Zq-nHwWb8to9kfct0XrYzv3Jhadbzcx-DQ8Jg-c6ZN9cvzPyc37d9-vPpbXnz98unp7XRol-FQ2XeUsNh11knIjG4eNacBJQMVsLRWvbX6o0CBi2xnadB1W0kqrHNhK8XPy5uC7m5vBdq0dp2h6vYt-MHGvg_H6b2X0G70OPzWjAjlj2eDV0SCGH7NNkx58am3fm9GGOWkGQiFyzODLf8BtmOOYw2WGCoaULetcHqA2hpSidXebUNBLVXqpSp-qyhPP_wxw4o_dZKA4AsvkyU5oUWtaS7Z4vP4Pot3c95O9nTL77MBu0xTiHcykkFCJ5R4vDrozQZt19EnffMsBOQByjkrx3-qIvIo</recordid><startdate>20071204</startdate><enddate>20071204</enddate><creator>Staniland, Sarah</creator><creator>Ward, Bruce</creator><creator>Harrison, Andrew</creator><creator>van der Laan, Gerrit</creator><creator>Telling, Neil</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20071204</creationdate><title>Rapid magnetosome formation shown by real-time x-ray magnetic circular dichroism</title><author>Staniland, Sarah ; 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Although there have been numerous genetic and proteomic studies of the magnetosome-formation process, there have been only limited and inconclusive studies of mineral-phase evolution during the formation process, and no real-time studies of such processes have yet been performed. Thus, suggested formation mechanisms still need substantiating with data. Here we report the examination of the magnetosome material throughout the formation process in a real-time in vivo study of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, strain MSR-1. Transmission EM and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that full-sized magnetosomes are seen 15 min after formation is initiated. These immature magnetosomes contain a surface layer of the nonmagnetic iron oxide-phase hematite. Mature magnetite is found after another 15 min, concurrent with a dramatic increase in magnetization. This rapid formation result is contrary to previously reported studies and discounts the previously proposed slow, multistep formation mechanisms. Thus, we conclude that the biomineralization of magnetite occurs rapidly in magnetotactic bacteria on a similar time scale to high-temperature chemical precipitation reactions, and we suggest that this finding is caused by a biological catalysis of the process.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>18032611</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.0704879104</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption spectroscopy Bacteria Biological Sciences Biomineralogy Catalysis Chemical precipitation Circular Dichroism - methods Crystals Ferrosoferric Oxide - analysis Ferrosoferric Oxide - metabolism Genetics High temperature Inclusion Bodies - chemistry Inclusion Bodies - metabolism Inductive reasoning Iron oxides Magnetic fields Magnetics Magnetite Magnetization Magnetosomes Magnetospirillum Magnetospirillum - growth & development Magnetospirillum - metabolism Magnetospirillum - ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Mineralization Minerals Nanoparticles Nanoparticles - analysis Proteomics Spectrum analysis X-Rays |
| title | Rapid magnetosome formation shown by real-time x-ray magnetic circular dichroism |
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