Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Gene
The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918 was characterized by exceptionally high mortality, especially among young adults. The surface proteins of influenza viruses, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, play important roles in virulence, host specificity, and the human immune response. The com...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2000-06, Vol.97 (12), p.6785-6790 |
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description | The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918 was characterized by exceptionally high mortality, especially among young adults. The surface proteins of influenza viruses, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, play important roles in virulence, host specificity, and the human immune response. The complete coding sequence of hemagglutinin was reported last year. This laboratory has now determined the complete coding sequence of the neuraminidase gene of the 1918 virus. Influenza RNA fragments were isolated from lung tissue of three victims of the 1918 flu; complete sequence was generated from A/Brevig Mission/1/18, with confirmatory sequencing carried out on A/South Carolina/1/18 and A/New York/1/18. The 1918 neuraminidase gene sequence was compared with other N1 subtype neuraminidase genes, including 9 N1 strains newly sequenced for this study. The 1918 neuraminidase shares many sequence and structural characteristics with avian strains, including the conserved active site, wild-type stalk length, glycosylation sites, and antigenic sites. Phylogenetically, the 1918 neuraminidase gene appears to be intermediate between mammals and birds, suggesting that it was introduced into mammals just before the 1918 pandemic. |
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The surface proteins of influenza viruses, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, play important roles in virulence, host specificity, and the human immune response. The complete coding sequence of hemagglutinin was reported last year. This laboratory has now determined the complete coding sequence of the neuraminidase gene of the 1918 virus. Influenza RNA fragments were isolated from lung tissue of three victims of the 1918 flu; complete sequence was generated from A/Brevig Mission/1/18, with confirmatory sequencing carried out on A/South Carolina/1/18 and A/New York/1/18. The 1918 neuraminidase gene sequence was compared with other N1 subtype neuraminidase genes, including 9 N1 strains newly sequenced for this study. The 1918 neuraminidase shares many sequence and structural characteristics with avian strains, including the conserved active site, wild-type stalk length, glycosylation sites, and antigenic sites. Phylogenetically, the 1918 neuraminidase gene appears to be intermediate between mammals and birds, suggesting that it was introduced into mammals just before the 1918 pandemic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.100140097</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10823895</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Active sites ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino acids ; Base Sequence ; Biological Sciences ; Catalytic Domain ; Epidemics ; Female ; Genes ; Glycosylation ; H1N1 subtype influenza A virus ; History ; Humans ; Influenza ; Influenza A virus - classification ; Influenza A virus - enzymology ; Influenza A virus - genetics ; Influenza virus ; Male ; Microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase - chemistry ; Neuraminidase - genetics ; Nucleotides ; Pandemics ; Pathology ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Spain ; Swine ; Virulence ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2000-06, Vol.97 (12), p.6785-6790</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1993-2000 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jun 6, 2000</rights><rights>Copyright © The National Academy of Sciences 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-b51ca174ab54bcf94b379b5e079b718733070074154437527f1c1d1951b5dec13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-b51ca174ab54bcf94b379b5e079b718733070074154437527f1c1d1951b5dec13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/97/12.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/122715$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/122715$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,804,886,27929,27930,53796,53798,58022,58255</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10823895$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Reid, Ann H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fanning, Thomas G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Janczewski, Thomas A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taubenberger, Jeffery K.</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Gene</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918 was characterized by exceptionally high mortality, especially among young adults. The surface proteins of influenza viruses, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, play important roles in virulence, host specificity, and the human immune response. The complete coding sequence of hemagglutinin was reported last year. This laboratory has now determined the complete coding sequence of the neuraminidase gene of the 1918 virus. Influenza RNA fragments were isolated from lung tissue of three victims of the 1918 flu; complete sequence was generated from A/Brevig Mission/1/18, with confirmatory sequencing carried out on A/South Carolina/1/18 and A/New York/1/18. The 1918 neuraminidase gene sequence was compared with other N1 subtype neuraminidase genes, including 9 N1 strains newly sequenced for this study. The 1918 neuraminidase shares many sequence and structural characteristics with avian strains, including the conserved active site, wild-type stalk length, glycosylation sites, and antigenic sites. Phylogenetically, the 1918 neuraminidase gene appears to be intermediate between mammals and birds, suggesting that it was introduced into mammals just before the 1918 pandemic.</description><subject>Active sites</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Catalytic Domain</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Glycosylation</subject><subject>H1N1 subtype influenza A virus</subject><subject>History</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A virus - classification</subject><subject>Influenza A virus - enzymology</subject><subject>Influenza A virus - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza virus</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Neuraminidase - chemistry</subject><subject>Neuraminidase - genetics</subject><subject>Nucleotides</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Spain</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1vEzEQxS0EoqFw5YKEVjnAaYvHH-u11AuKaIlUwYGPq-V1vMTRxg62F0H_erxNaEOFxMW2NL_3ZsYPoeeAzwAL-mbndSovDAxjKR6gGWAJdcMkfohmGBNRt4ywE_QkpQ0uCG_xY3QCuCW0lXyGlou1jtpkG921zi74KvRVXtsKJLTV_NNOe5fW82rp-2G0_lpXX10cU_XBjlFvnXcrnWx1ab19ih71ekj22eE-RV8u3n1evK-vPl4uF2-vasNbmuuOg9EgmO4460wvWUeF7LjF5RTQCkqxwFgw4IxRwYnowcAKJIeOr6wBeorO9767sdvalbE-Rz2oXXRbHX-poJ36u-LdWn0LP9RkLov81UEew_fRpqy2Lhk7DNrbMCYlABomaPNfEERTZiQTOL8HbsIYffkDRW5yaaAt0NkeMjGkFG1_OzBgNSWppiTVbZJF8PJ4zSN8H10BXh-ASfinLIUCohrRctWPw5Dtz3xk9W-yAC_2wCblEO9aESKA099o8rji</recordid><startdate>20000606</startdate><enddate>20000606</enddate><creator>Reid, Ann H.</creator><creator>Fanning, Thomas G.</creator><creator>Janczewski, Thomas A.</creator><creator>Taubenberger, Jeffery K.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000606</creationdate><title>Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Gene</title><author>Reid, Ann H. ; Fanning, Thomas G. ; Janczewski, Thomas A. ; Taubenberger, Jeffery K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-b51ca174ab54bcf94b379b5e079b718733070074154437527f1c1d1951b5dec13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Active sites</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological Sciences</topic><topic>Catalytic Domain</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Glycosylation</topic><topic>H1N1 subtype influenza A virus</topic><topic>History</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza A virus - classification</topic><topic>Influenza A virus - enzymology</topic><topic>Influenza A virus - genetics</topic><topic>Influenza virus</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Neuraminidase - chemistry</topic><topic>Neuraminidase - genetics</topic><topic>Nucleotides</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Spain</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Reid, Ann H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fanning, Thomas G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Janczewski, Thomas A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taubenberger, Jeffery K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Reid, Ann H.</au><au>Fanning, Thomas G.</au><au>Janczewski, Thomas A.</au><au>Taubenberger, Jeffery K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Gene</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2000-06-06</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>97</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>6785</spage><epage>6790</epage><pages>6785-6790</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918 was characterized by exceptionally high mortality, especially among young adults. The surface proteins of influenza viruses, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, play important roles in virulence, host specificity, and the human immune response. The complete coding sequence of hemagglutinin was reported last year. This laboratory has now determined the complete coding sequence of the neuraminidase gene of the 1918 virus. Influenza RNA fragments were isolated from lung tissue of three victims of the 1918 flu; complete sequence was generated from A/Brevig Mission/1/18, with confirmatory sequencing carried out on A/South Carolina/1/18 and A/New York/1/18. The 1918 neuraminidase gene sequence was compared with other N1 subtype neuraminidase genes, including 9 N1 strains newly sequenced for this study. The 1918 neuraminidase shares many sequence and structural characteristics with avian strains, including the conserved active site, wild-type stalk length, glycosylation sites, and antigenic sites. Phylogenetically, the 1918 neuraminidase gene appears to be intermediate between mammals and birds, suggesting that it was introduced into mammals just before the 1918 pandemic.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>10823895</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.100140097</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Active sites Adult Amino Acid Sequence Amino acids Base Sequence Biological Sciences Catalytic Domain Epidemics Female Genes Glycosylation H1N1 subtype influenza A virus History Humans Influenza Influenza A virus - classification Influenza A virus - enzymology Influenza A virus - genetics Influenza virus Male Microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Neuraminidase - chemistry Neuraminidase - genetics Nucleotides Pandemics Pathology Phylogenetics Phylogeny Spain Swine Virulence Viruses |
title | Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Gene |
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