THE FEAR OF AWFUL SMELL : RISK PERCEPTIONS AMONG FARMERS IN VIETNAM USING WASTEWATER AND HUMAN EXCRETA IN AGRICULTURE
Vietnamese farmers' health-risk awareness, knowledge, and practices related to their use of wastewater and human excreta was investigated in an anthropological study by a multidisciplinary team in peri-urban Hanoi and Nghe An Province. Farmers identified health risks associated with their use o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 2008-03, Vol.39 (2), p.341-352 |
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| container_title | Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health |
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| creator | KNUDSEN, Line G PHUC, Pham D HIEP, Nguyen T SAMUELSEN, Helle JENSEN, Peter K DALSGAARD, Anders RASCHID-SALLY, Liqa KONRADSEN, Flemming |
| description | Vietnamese farmers' health-risk awareness, knowledge, and practices related to their use of wastewater and human excreta was investigated in an anthropological study by a multidisciplinary team in peri-urban Hanoi and Nghe An Province. Farmers identified health risks associated with their use of excreta and wastewater, but they viewed these as unavoidable risks related to production. They perceived the health risks as different for the use of wastewater and human feces. They perceived health risks from wastewater as non-serious because it remained on the skin and only caused skin problems, but they considered health risks from non-composted smelly feces serious because it entered the body through 'polluted' air. Most farmers were more aware of threats to health from 'dirt' entering the domestic environment than of the health risks during their work. The concept of 'dirt' should be separated from understanding of germs, viruses, and parasites so that it is understood that things that carrying health risks cannot always be identified by their 'dirtiness' or smell. Farmers mainly considered hygiene and health as women's issues. Men's responsibility for the health and hygiene of the family should therefore be emphasized. |
| format | Article |
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Farmers identified health risks associated with their use of excreta and wastewater, but they viewed these as unavoidable risks related to production. They perceived the health risks as different for the use of wastewater and human feces. They perceived health risks from wastewater as non-serious because it remained on the skin and only caused skin problems, but they considered health risks from non-composted smelly feces serious because it entered the body through 'polluted' air. Most farmers were more aware of threats to health from 'dirt' entering the domestic environment than of the health risks during their work. The concept of 'dirt' should be separated from understanding of germs, viruses, and parasites so that it is understood that things that carrying health risks cannot always be identified by their 'dirtiness' or smell. Farmers mainly considered hygiene and health as women's issues. 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Farmers identified health risks associated with their use of excreta and wastewater, but they viewed these as unavoidable risks related to production. They perceived the health risks as different for the use of wastewater and human feces. They perceived health risks from wastewater as non-serious because it remained on the skin and only caused skin problems, but they considered health risks from non-composted smelly feces serious because it entered the body through 'polluted' air. Most farmers were more aware of threats to health from 'dirt' entering the domestic environment than of the health risks during their work. The concept of 'dirt' should be separated from understanding of germs, viruses, and parasites so that it is understood that things that carrying health risks cannot always be identified by their 'dirtiness' or smell. Farmers mainly considered hygiene and health as women's issues. Men's responsibility for the health and hygiene of the family should therefore be emphasized.</abstract><cop>Bangkok</cop><pub>Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization, Regional Tropical Medicine and Public Health Network</pub><pmid>18564724</pmid><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0125-1562 |
| ispartof | Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2008-03, Vol.39 (2), p.341-352 |
| issn | 0125-1562 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Agricultural Workers' Diseases - prevention & control Aquaculture Biological and medical sciences Feces Female Fertilizers - adverse effects Focus Groups Gardening General aspects Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Male Medical sciences Protective Clothing - utilization Sewage - adverse effects Vietnam Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods |
| title | THE FEAR OF AWFUL SMELL : RISK PERCEPTIONS AMONG FARMERS IN VIETNAM USING WASTEWATER AND HUMAN EXCRETA IN AGRICULTURE |
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