Spatial and temporal interactions of free-ranging pacas (Cuniculus paca)

Although the paca is the most frequently hunted game species throughout the Neotropics, its behavioral and ecological requirements remain poorly understood. Here, we describe ranging behavior, spatio-temporal intraspecific interactions, and cavity use within a mosaic landscape in Central Belize, based on radio-tracking of four males and two females. This study is the first to investigate social interactions and spatial structure within a paca population in unprotected marginal habitat. We detected extensive home range overlap between males and between sexes. Male-male overlap was less extensive within core areas, while female core ranges were almost entirely occupied by one or more males. On average, pacas used at least six cavities within their home range. The majority of cavities were in the core areas and we did not detect simultaneous co-habitation of the same location. On average, females occupied cavities that were closer together, and closer to water bodies, than those of males. Overall, our study suggests a general tolerance during nocturnal foraging activities, but exclusive use of core areas and associated cavities. The larger ranges of males than females and the extensive overlap between conspecifics suggest a polygamous or promiscuous mating system in this landscape.