5' Control Regions of the Apolipoprotein(a) Gene and Members of the Related Plasminogen Gene Family
Elevated blood levels of apolipoprotein(a), the component of lipoprotein(a) that distinguishes it from low density lipoprotein, are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein(a) gene is highly similar to the plasminogen gene and to at least four other genes or pseudogenes. The 5...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1993-02, Vol.90 (4), p.1369-1373 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Wade, David P. Clarke, John G. Lindahl, Gisela E. Liu, Alexander C. Zysow, Bernice R. Meer, Kelli Schwartz, Karen Lawn, Richard M. |
| description | Elevated blood levels of apolipoprotein(a), the component of lipoprotein(a) that distinguishes it from low density lipoprotein, are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein(a) gene is highly similar to the plasminogen gene and to at least four other genes or pseudogenes. The 5' untranslated and flanking sequences of these six genes contain extensive regions of near identity and share sequence elements involved in the initiation of transcription and translation. About 1000 base pairs of flanking DNA of each gene are sufficient to promote transcription in cultured hepatocytes. The apolipoprotein(a) gene promoter contains functional interleukin 6-responsive elements, consistent with the reported acute-phase response of apolipoprotein(a). Flanking genomic fragments of the apoliprotein(a) gene from two individuals with vastly different plasma apolipoprotein(a) concentrations have sequence differences that are reflected in differences in the rate of in vitro transcription. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.90.4.1369 |
| format | Article |
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The apolipoprotein(a) gene is highly similar to the plasminogen gene and to at least four other genes or pseudogenes. The 5' untranslated and flanking sequences of these six genes contain extensive regions of near identity and share sequence elements involved in the initiation of transcription and translation. About 1000 base pairs of flanking DNA of each gene are sufficient to promote transcription in cultured hepatocytes. The apolipoprotein(a) gene promoter contains functional interleukin 6-responsive elements, consistent with the reported acute-phase response of apolipoprotein(a). Flanking genomic fragments of the apoliprotein(a) gene from two individuals with vastly different plasma apolipoprotein(a) concentrations have sequence differences that are reflected in differences in the rate of in vitro transcription.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.4.1369</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7679504</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>apolipoprotein(a) ; Apolipoproteins - genetics ; Apoprotein(a) ; Base Sequence ; Biochemistry ; Blood ; Blood plasma ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Complementary DNA ; DNA ; DNA - genetics ; DNA - isolation & purification ; Exons ; gene families ; Genes ; Genomic Library ; Genomics ; Hep G2 cells ; Humans ; interleukin-6 ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Liver Neoplasms ; Luciferases - genetics ; Luciferases - metabolism ; man ; Messenger RNA ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Plasmids ; plasminogen ; Plasminogen - genetics ; Poly A - genetics ; Poly A - isolation & purification ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism ; Regional identity ; regulatory ; Restriction Mapping ; RNA - genetics ; RNA - isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; sequence ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; transcription ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1993-02, Vol.90 (4), p.1369-1373</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1993 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Feb 15, 1993</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-b1de7d51b20dbfa7466f061cd88766eeb61f727f5282572d0431aa3c1c527fb03</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/90/4.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2361191$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2361191$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679504$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wade, David P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarke, John G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindahl, Gisela E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Alexander C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zysow, Bernice R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meer, Kelli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartz, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawn, Richard M.</creatorcontrib><title>5' Control Regions of the Apolipoprotein(a) Gene and Members of the Related Plasminogen Gene Family</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Elevated blood levels of apolipoprotein(a), the component of lipoprotein(a) that distinguishes it from low density lipoprotein, are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein(a) gene is highly similar to the plasminogen gene and to at least four other genes or pseudogenes. The 5' untranslated and flanking sequences of these six genes contain extensive regions of near identity and share sequence elements involved in the initiation of transcription and translation. About 1000 base pairs of flanking DNA of each gene are sufficient to promote transcription in cultured hepatocytes. The apolipoprotein(a) gene promoter contains functional interleukin 6-responsive elements, consistent with the reported acute-phase response of apolipoprotein(a). Flanking genomic fragments of the apoliprotein(a) gene from two individuals with vastly different plasma apolipoprotein(a) concentrations have sequence differences that are reflected in differences in the rate of in vitro transcription.</description><subject>apolipoprotein(a)</subject><subject>Apolipoproteins - genetics</subject><subject>Apoprotein(a)</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood plasma</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular</subject><subject>Complementary DNA</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA - genetics</subject><subject>DNA - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Exons</subject><subject>gene families</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genomic Library</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Hep G2 cells</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>interleukin-6</subject><subject>Lipoprotein(a)</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms</subject><subject>Luciferases - genetics</subject><subject>Luciferases - metabolism</subject><subject>man</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Multigene Family</subject><subject>Oligodeoxyribonucleotides</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>plasminogen</subject><subject>Plasminogen - genetics</subject><subject>Poly A - genetics</subject><subject>Poly A - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Regional identity</subject><subject>regulatory</subject><subject>Restriction Mapping</subject><subject>RNA - genetics</subject><subject>RNA - isolation & purification</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>sequence</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>transcription</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><subject>Transfection</subject><subject>Tumor Cells, Cultured</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAURS0EKtPClhVIEYsCiwx-_kwkNtWIFqQiUAVry0lephk5dmoniP77ZjTDaGABK0u-51h-7xLyAugSqObvB2_TsqRLsQSuykdkAbSEXImSPiYLSpnOC8HEU3Ka0oZSWsqCnpATrXQpqViQWr7JVsGPMbjsBtdd8CkLbTbeYnYxBNcNYYhhxM6_te-yK_SYWd9kX7CvMB7IG3R2xCb75mzqOx_W6Hfspe07d_-MPGmtS_h8f56RH5cfv68-5ddfrz6vLq7zWoIc8woa1I2EitGmaq0WSrVUQd0UhVYKsVLQaqZbyQomNWuo4GAtr6GW821F-Rn5sHt3mKoemxrnsawzQ-x6G-9NsJ35M_HdrVmHn0bIQotZP9_rMdxNmEbTd6lG56zHMCWjpVRKsPK_ICgBVAKfwdd_gZswRT_vwDAKTHLFYYaWO6iOIaWI7eHDQM22YrOt2JTUCLOteBZeHY95wPedHuVb73d67J__Kzft5NyIv8YZfLkDN2kM8UAyrgBK4A95asK9</recordid><startdate>19930215</startdate><enddate>19930215</enddate><creator>Wade, David P.</creator><creator>Clarke, John G.</creator><creator>Lindahl, Gisela E.</creator><creator>Liu, Alexander C.</creator><creator>Zysow, Bernice R.</creator><creator>Meer, Kelli</creator><creator>Schwartz, Karen</creator><creator>Lawn, Richard M.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7T3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19930215</creationdate><title>5' Control Regions of the Apolipoprotein(a) Gene and Members of the Related Plasminogen Gene Family</title><author>Wade, David P. ; 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The apolipoprotein(a) gene is highly similar to the plasminogen gene and to at least four other genes or pseudogenes. The 5' untranslated and flanking sequences of these six genes contain extensive regions of near identity and share sequence elements involved in the initiation of transcription and translation. About 1000 base pairs of flanking DNA of each gene are sufficient to promote transcription in cultured hepatocytes. The apolipoprotein(a) gene promoter contains functional interleukin 6-responsive elements, consistent with the reported acute-phase response of apolipoprotein(a). Flanking genomic fragments of the apoliprotein(a) gene from two individuals with vastly different plasma apolipoprotein(a) concentrations have sequence differences that are reflected in differences in the rate of in vitro transcription.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>7679504</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.90.4.1369</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | apolipoprotein(a) Apolipoproteins - genetics Apoprotein(a) Base Sequence Biochemistry Blood Blood plasma Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Complementary DNA DNA DNA - genetics DNA - isolation & purification Exons gene families Genes Genomic Library Genomics Hep G2 cells Humans interleukin-6 Lipoprotein(a) Liver Neoplasms Luciferases - genetics Luciferases - metabolism man Messenger RNA Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Plasmids plasminogen Plasminogen - genetics Poly A - genetics Poly A - isolation & purification Promoter Regions, Genetic Proteins Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism Regional identity regulatory Restriction Mapping RNA - genetics RNA - isolation & purification RNA, Messenger - genetics sequence Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid transcription Transcription, Genetic Transfection Tumor Cells, Cultured |
| title | 5' Control Regions of the Apolipoprotein(a) Gene and Members of the Related Plasminogen Gene Family |
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