Geology and lithogeochemistry of hydrothermal mudstones from the upper block near the Duck Pond volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, Newfoundland, Canada: evidence for low-temperature venting into oxygenated mid-Cambrian seawater

Pyrite- and pyrrhotite-rich mudstones are spatially associated with Cambrian (~ 512–509 Ma) volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits throughout the Tally Pond group, central Newfoundland, Canada. At the Duck Pond mine, sulfide-rich mudstones are hosted within a weakly mineralized upper block that...

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Veröffentlicht in:Mineralium deposita 2018-12, Vol.53 (8), p.1167-1191
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description Pyrite- and pyrrhotite-rich mudstones are spatially associated with Cambrian (~ 512–509 Ma) volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits throughout the Tally Pond group, central Newfoundland, Canada. At the Duck Pond mine, sulfide-rich mudstones are hosted within a weakly mineralized upper block that structurally overlies the deposit but is older (~ 513 versus 509 Ma). The mudstones are laminated, 10–30-cm thick, and pyrite- and pyrrhotite-rich and occur along pillow lava selvages, or in between pillow lavas, rhyolite flows, and volcaniclastic rocks. The mudstones are laterally extensive and proximal to the mudstone host rocks are hydrothermally altered to epidote-quartz-chlorite (basalt host) and sericite-quartz (rhyolite host). Lithogeochemical data for the sulfide-rich mudstones reflect the varying contributions of elements from sedimentary detritus, hydrothermal discharge, and hydrogenous scavenging from middle Cambrian seawater. The mudstones have minor detrital element abundances and significant hydrothermal element enrichments (i.e., elevated Fe 2 O 3 , S, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ba concentrations, high Fe/Al ratios). The hydrothermal mudstones are also enriched in oxyanions (i.e., P 2 O 5 , U, V, Cr, Ni, Co, and Hg), interpreted to have been enriched via oxidative scavenging from seawater by Fe-oxide/oxyhydroxide particles. The mudstones also have REE-Y signatures similar to modern oxygenated seawater with high Y/Ho and negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.40–0.86; average = 0.58), which correlate with adsorbed oxyanion concentrations. The low Eu/Eu* (1.02–1.86; average = 1.22) in the mudstones suggest that they were deposited from low-temperature (
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At the Duck Pond mine, sulfide-rich mudstones are hosted within a weakly mineralized upper block that structurally overlies the deposit but is older (~ 513 versus 509 Ma). The mudstones are laminated, 10–30-cm thick, and pyrite- and pyrrhotite-rich and occur along pillow lava selvages, or in between pillow lavas, rhyolite flows, and volcaniclastic rocks. The mudstones are laterally extensive and proximal to the mudstone host rocks are hydrothermally altered to epidote-quartz-chlorite (basalt host) and sericite-quartz (rhyolite host). Lithogeochemical data for the sulfide-rich mudstones reflect the varying contributions of elements from sedimentary detritus, hydrothermal discharge, and hydrogenous scavenging from middle Cambrian seawater. The mudstones have minor detrital element abundances and significant hydrothermal element enrichments (i.e., elevated Fe 2 O 3 , S, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ba concentrations, high Fe/Al ratios). The hydrothermal mudstones are also enriched in oxyanions (i.e., P 2 O 5 , U, V, Cr, Ni, Co, and Hg), interpreted to have been enriched via oxidative scavenging from seawater by Fe-oxide/oxyhydroxide particles. The mudstones also have REE-Y signatures similar to modern oxygenated seawater with high Y/Ho and negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.40–0.86; average = 0.58), which correlate with adsorbed oxyanion concentrations. The low Eu/Eu* (1.02–1.86; average = 1.22) in the mudstones suggest that they were deposited from low-temperature (&lt; 250 °C), Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids that likely formed a buoyant plume into an oxygenated water column. The REE-Y-oxyanion signatures suggest that the particles within the hydrothermal plume had sufficient residence time to scavenge oxyanions from seawater and inherit a middle Cambrian seawater signature. The predominant seawater REE-Y-oxyanion signature in the Duck Pond upper block sulfide-rich mudstones suggests that they are distal hydrothermal sedimentary rocks that could have formed up to 10 km from their original vent sources. Correspondingly, to utilize hydrothermal mudstones as vectors to mineralization in the Tally Pond belt, and similar belts globally, it is critical to identify vent-proximal samples that have hydrothermal signatures (i.e., high Fe/Al, base metals, Ba, S), with subdued seawater and adsorption signatures (i.e., chondritic Y/Ho, low P 2 O 5 , Ni, U, Co, Cr, V, and Hg), indicating minimal residence time in the water column and deposition proximal to the vent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0026-4598</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1866</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00126-018-0795-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Anomalies ; Aquatic birds ; Basalt ; Cambrian ; Chemical analysis ; Chlorite ; Chromium ; Columns (structural) ; Copper ; Detritus ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Enrichment ; Fluids ; Geology ; Hematite ; Hydrothermal plumes ; Iron ; Iron oxides ; Lava ; Lead ; Lithogeochemistry ; Low temperature ; Mercury ; Metals ; Mineral Resources ; Mineralization ; Mineralogy ; Mudstone ; Oxygenated ; Phosphorus pentoxide ; Ponds ; Pyrite ; Pyrrhotite ; Quartz ; Ratios ; Residence time ; Rhyolite ; Rock ; Scavenging ; Seawater ; Sedimentary rocks ; Signatures ; Sulfides ; Sulphides ; Temperature ; Vectors ; Water analysis ; Water column ; Waterfowl ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Mineralium deposita, 2018-12, Vol.53 (8), p.1167-1191</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>Mineralium Deposita is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-ddedaaee6251baecd9f339c8d48e1dfc9930fc9a8b308ff747e8a970ad5108673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-ddedaaee6251baecd9f339c8d48e1dfc9930fc9a8b308ff747e8a970ad5108673</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00126-018-0795-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00126-018-0795-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Piercey, Stephen J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Squires, Gerry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brace, Terry</creatorcontrib><title>Geology and lithogeochemistry of hydrothermal mudstones from the upper block near the Duck Pond volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, Newfoundland, Canada: evidence for low-temperature venting into oxygenated mid-Cambrian seawater</title><title>Mineralium deposita</title><addtitle>Miner Deposita</addtitle><description>Pyrite- and pyrrhotite-rich mudstones are spatially associated with Cambrian (~ 512–509 Ma) volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits throughout the Tally Pond group, central Newfoundland, Canada. At the Duck Pond mine, sulfide-rich mudstones are hosted within a weakly mineralized upper block that structurally overlies the deposit but is older (~ 513 versus 509 Ma). The mudstones are laminated, 10–30-cm thick, and pyrite- and pyrrhotite-rich and occur along pillow lava selvages, or in between pillow lavas, rhyolite flows, and volcaniclastic rocks. The mudstones are laterally extensive and proximal to the mudstone host rocks are hydrothermally altered to epidote-quartz-chlorite (basalt host) and sericite-quartz (rhyolite host). Lithogeochemical data for the sulfide-rich mudstones reflect the varying contributions of elements from sedimentary detritus, hydrothermal discharge, and hydrogenous scavenging from middle Cambrian seawater. The mudstones have minor detrital element abundances and significant hydrothermal element enrichments (i.e., elevated Fe 2 O 3 , S, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ba concentrations, high Fe/Al ratios). The hydrothermal mudstones are also enriched in oxyanions (i.e., P 2 O 5 , U, V, Cr, Ni, Co, and Hg), interpreted to have been enriched via oxidative scavenging from seawater by Fe-oxide/oxyhydroxide particles. The mudstones also have REE-Y signatures similar to modern oxygenated seawater with high Y/Ho and negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.40–0.86; average = 0.58), which correlate with adsorbed oxyanion concentrations. The low Eu/Eu* (1.02–1.86; average = 1.22) in the mudstones suggest that they were deposited from low-temperature (&lt; 250 °C), Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids that likely formed a buoyant plume into an oxygenated water column. The REE-Y-oxyanion signatures suggest that the particles within the hydrothermal plume had sufficient residence time to scavenge oxyanions from seawater and inherit a middle Cambrian seawater signature. The predominant seawater REE-Y-oxyanion signature in the Duck Pond upper block sulfide-rich mudstones suggests that they are distal hydrothermal sedimentary rocks that could have formed up to 10 km from their original vent sources. Correspondingly, to utilize hydrothermal mudstones as vectors to mineralization in the Tally Pond belt, and similar belts globally, it is critical to identify vent-proximal samples that have hydrothermal signatures (i.e., high Fe/Al, base metals, Ba, S), with subdued seawater and adsorption signatures (i.e., chondritic Y/Ho, low P 2 O 5 , Ni, U, Co, Cr, V, and Hg), indicating minimal residence time in the water column and deposition proximal to the vent.</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Anomalies</subject><subject>Aquatic birds</subject><subject>Basalt</subject><subject>Cambrian</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Chlorite</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Columns (structural)</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Detritus</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Fluids</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Hematite</subject><subject>Hydrothermal plumes</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron oxides</subject><subject>Lava</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lithogeochemistry</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Mineral Resources</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Mudstone</subject><subject>Oxygenated</subject><subject>Phosphorus pentoxide</subject><subject>Ponds</subject><subject>Pyrite</subject><subject>Pyrrhotite</subject><subject>Quartz</subject><subject>Ratios</subject><subject>Residence time</subject><subject>Rhyolite</subject><subject>Rock</subject><subject>Scavenging</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Sedimentary rocks</subject><subject>Signatures</subject><subject>Sulfides</subject><subject>Sulphides</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Vectors</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water column</subject><subject>Waterfowl</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0026-4598</issn><issn>1432-1866</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UcmO1DAQjRBINAMfwK0kLiBNhnJWhxtqYAZpWCSWa1Qdl7s9JHaP7XSTf-Yj8NBInLiUVc9vKell2VOBFwKxfRkQRdHkKGSObVfn5b1sJaqyyIVsmvvZCjH9VnUnH2aPQrhBxE5UuMp-XbIb3XYBsgpGE3duy27Y8WRC9As4DbtFeRd37CcaYZpViM5yAO3dBAmGeb9nD5vRDT_AMvk_4Js5bZ9d8jy4cSCbXK0ZYKIQzIEhzKM2iuH59w9fXoDivQsmnsNHPmo3WzWmY85hTZYUvQI-JKodGLTzMLpjHnlKkRRnz3BgG43dgrHRgfu5pByKrGAyKl_TtPGGLASmY0L94-yBpjHwk7_vWfbt3duv66v8-tPl-_Xr63woRRNzpVgRMTdFLTbEg-p0WXaDVJVkofTQdSWmSXJTotS6rVqW1LVIqhYom7Y8y56dfPfe3c4cYn_jZm9TZF8gStG1BdaJJU6swbsQPOt-781EfukF9nel9qdS-1Rqf1dqXyZNcdKExLVb9v-c_y_6DWxTrBo</recordid><startdate>20181201</startdate><enddate>20181201</enddate><creator>Piercey, Stephen J.</creator><creator>Squires, Gerry</creator><creator>Brace, Terry</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20181201</creationdate><title>Geology and lithogeochemistry of hydrothermal mudstones from the upper block near the Duck Pond volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, Newfoundland, Canada: evidence for low-temperature venting into oxygenated mid-Cambrian seawater</title><author>Piercey, Stephen J. ; Squires, Gerry ; Brace, Terry</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-ddedaaee6251baecd9f339c8d48e1dfc9930fc9a8b308ff747e8a970ad5108673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Anomalies</topic><topic>Aquatic birds</topic><topic>Basalt</topic><topic>Cambrian</topic><topic>Chemical analysis</topic><topic>Chlorite</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Columns (structural)</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Detritus</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Fluids</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Hematite</topic><topic>Hydrothermal plumes</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron oxides</topic><topic>Lava</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Lithogeochemistry</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Mineral Resources</topic><topic>Mineralization</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Mudstone</topic><topic>Oxygenated</topic><topic>Phosphorus pentoxide</topic><topic>Ponds</topic><topic>Pyrite</topic><topic>Pyrrhotite</topic><topic>Quartz</topic><topic>Ratios</topic><topic>Residence time</topic><topic>Rhyolite</topic><topic>Rock</topic><topic>Scavenging</topic><topic>Seawater</topic><topic>Sedimentary rocks</topic><topic>Signatures</topic><topic>Sulfides</topic><topic>Sulphides</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Vectors</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water column</topic><topic>Waterfowl</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Piercey, Stephen J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Squires, Gerry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brace, Terry</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; 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At the Duck Pond mine, sulfide-rich mudstones are hosted within a weakly mineralized upper block that structurally overlies the deposit but is older (~ 513 versus 509 Ma). The mudstones are laminated, 10–30-cm thick, and pyrite- and pyrrhotite-rich and occur along pillow lava selvages, or in between pillow lavas, rhyolite flows, and volcaniclastic rocks. The mudstones are laterally extensive and proximal to the mudstone host rocks are hydrothermally altered to epidote-quartz-chlorite (basalt host) and sericite-quartz (rhyolite host). Lithogeochemical data for the sulfide-rich mudstones reflect the varying contributions of elements from sedimentary detritus, hydrothermal discharge, and hydrogenous scavenging from middle Cambrian seawater. The mudstones have minor detrital element abundances and significant hydrothermal element enrichments (i.e., elevated Fe 2 O 3 , S, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ba concentrations, high Fe/Al ratios). The hydrothermal mudstones are also enriched in oxyanions (i.e., P 2 O 5 , U, V, Cr, Ni, Co, and Hg), interpreted to have been enriched via oxidative scavenging from seawater by Fe-oxide/oxyhydroxide particles. The mudstones also have REE-Y signatures similar to modern oxygenated seawater with high Y/Ho and negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.40–0.86; average = 0.58), which correlate with adsorbed oxyanion concentrations. The low Eu/Eu* (1.02–1.86; average = 1.22) in the mudstones suggest that they were deposited from low-temperature (&lt; 250 °C), Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids that likely formed a buoyant plume into an oxygenated water column. The REE-Y-oxyanion signatures suggest that the particles within the hydrothermal plume had sufficient residence time to scavenge oxyanions from seawater and inherit a middle Cambrian seawater signature. The predominant seawater REE-Y-oxyanion signature in the Duck Pond upper block sulfide-rich mudstones suggests that they are distal hydrothermal sedimentary rocks that could have formed up to 10 km from their original vent sources. Correspondingly, to utilize hydrothermal mudstones as vectors to mineralization in the Tally Pond belt, and similar belts globally, it is critical to identify vent-proximal samples that have hydrothermal signatures (i.e., high Fe/Al, base metals, Ba, S), with subdued seawater and adsorption signatures (i.e., chondritic Y/Ho, low P 2 O 5 , Ni, U, Co, Cr, V, and Hg), indicating minimal residence time in the water column and deposition proximal to the vent.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00126-018-0795-3</doi><tpages>25</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Aluminum
Anomalies
Aquatic birds
Basalt
Cambrian
Chemical analysis
Chlorite
Chromium
Columns (structural)
Copper
Detritus
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Enrichment
Fluids
Geology
Hematite
Hydrothermal plumes
Iron
Iron oxides
Lava
Lead
Lithogeochemistry
Low temperature
Mercury
Metals
Mineral Resources
Mineralization
Mineralogy
Mudstone
Oxygenated
Phosphorus pentoxide
Ponds
Pyrite
Pyrrhotite
Quartz
Ratios
Residence time
Rhyolite
Rock
Scavenging
Seawater
Sedimentary rocks
Signatures
Sulfides
Sulphides
Temperature
Vectors
Water analysis
Water column
Waterfowl
Zinc
title Geology and lithogeochemistry of hydrothermal mudstones from the upper block near the Duck Pond volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, Newfoundland, Canada: evidence for low-temperature venting into oxygenated mid-Cambrian seawater
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