Effect of nanoparticle metal composition: mono- and bimetallic gold/copper dendrimer stabilized nanoparticles as solvent-free styrene oxidation catalysts
A range of mono- and bimetallic Au m Cu n nanoparticles (NPs), with varying metal compositions, was prepared by using a third-generation diaminobutane poly(propylene imine) (G3 DAB-PPI) dendrimer, modified with alkyl chains, as a stabilizer. It was found that the length of the peripheral alkyl chain...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology 2018-02, Vol.20 (2), p.1-15, Article 44 |
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| creator | Blanckenberg, A. Kotze, G. Swarts, A. J. Malgas-Enus, R. |
| description | A range of mono- and bimetallic Au
m
Cu
n
nanoparticles (NPs), with varying metal compositions, was prepared by using a third-generation diaminobutane poly(propylene imine) (G3 DAB-PPI) dendrimer, modified with alkyl chains, as a stabilizer. It was found that the length of the peripheral alkyl chain, (
M1
(C
15
),
M2
(C
11
), and
M3
(C
5
)), had a direct influence on the average nanoparticle size obtained, confirming the importance of the nanoparticle stabilizer during synthesis. The Au NPs showed the highest degree of agglomeration and polydispersity, whereas the Cu NPs were the smallest and most monodisperse of the NPs. The bimetallic NPs sizes were found to vary between those of the monometallic NPs, depending on the metal composition. Interestingly, the bimetallic NPs were found to be the most stable, showing very little variation in size over time, even up to 9 months. The DSNs were evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of styrene, using either H
2
O
2
or TBHP as oxidant. Here, we show that the bimetallic DSNs are indeed the superior catalysts when compared to their monometallic analogues, under the same reaction conditions, since a good compromise between stability and activity can be achieved where the Au provides catalytic activity and the Cu serves as a stabilizer. These Au
m
Cu
n
bimetallic DSNs present a less expensive and more stable catalyst with negligible loss of activity, opening the door to green catalysis.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11051-018-4144-3 |
| format | Article |
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m
Cu
n
nanoparticles (NPs), with varying metal compositions, was prepared by using a third-generation diaminobutane poly(propylene imine) (G3 DAB-PPI) dendrimer, modified with alkyl chains, as a stabilizer. It was found that the length of the peripheral alkyl chain, (
M1
(C
15
),
M2
(C
11
), and
M3
(C
5
)), had a direct influence on the average nanoparticle size obtained, confirming the importance of the nanoparticle stabilizer during synthesis. The Au NPs showed the highest degree of agglomeration and polydispersity, whereas the Cu NPs were the smallest and most monodisperse of the NPs. The bimetallic NPs sizes were found to vary between those of the monometallic NPs, depending on the metal composition. Interestingly, the bimetallic NPs were found to be the most stable, showing very little variation in size over time, even up to 9 months. The DSNs were evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of styrene, using either H
2
O
2
or TBHP as oxidant. Here, we show that the bimetallic DSNs are indeed the superior catalysts when compared to their monometallic analogues, under the same reaction conditions, since a good compromise between stability and activity can be achieved where the Au provides catalytic activity and the Cu serves as a stabilizer. These Au
m
Cu
n
bimetallic DSNs present a less expensive and more stable catalyst with negligible loss of activity, opening the door to green catalysis.
Graphical abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 1388-0764</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-896X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4144-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Bimetals ; Catalysis ; Catalysts ; Catalytic activity ; Catalytic oxidation ; Chains ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Composition effects ; Copper ; Gold ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Lasers ; Materials Science ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; Optical Devices ; Optics ; Oxidation ; Oxidizing agents ; Photonics ; Physical Chemistry ; Polydispersity ; Polypropyleneimine ; Propylene imine ; Research Paper ; Solvents ; Styrene</subject><ispartof>Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology, 2018-02, Vol.20 (2), p.1-15, Article 44</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>Journal of Nanoparticle Research is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-f30fbf06abdca95506fc4159779ce78f9d87814e871383b0eb504394de0e617d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-f30fbf06abdca95506fc4159779ce78f9d87814e871383b0eb504394de0e617d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0453-5419</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11051-018-4144-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11051-018-4144-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923,41486,42555,51317</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Blanckenberg, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kotze, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swarts, A. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malgas-Enus, R.</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of nanoparticle metal composition: mono- and bimetallic gold/copper dendrimer stabilized nanoparticles as solvent-free styrene oxidation catalysts</title><title>Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology</title><addtitle>J Nanopart Res</addtitle><description>A range of mono- and bimetallic Au
m
Cu
n
nanoparticles (NPs), with varying metal compositions, was prepared by using a third-generation diaminobutane poly(propylene imine) (G3 DAB-PPI) dendrimer, modified with alkyl chains, as a stabilizer. It was found that the length of the peripheral alkyl chain, (
M1
(C
15
),
M2
(C
11
), and
M3
(C
5
)), had a direct influence on the average nanoparticle size obtained, confirming the importance of the nanoparticle stabilizer during synthesis. The Au NPs showed the highest degree of agglomeration and polydispersity, whereas the Cu NPs were the smallest and most monodisperse of the NPs. The bimetallic NPs sizes were found to vary between those of the monometallic NPs, depending on the metal composition. Interestingly, the bimetallic NPs were found to be the most stable, showing very little variation in size over time, even up to 9 months. The DSNs were evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of styrene, using either H
2
O
2
or TBHP as oxidant. Here, we show that the bimetallic DSNs are indeed the superior catalysts when compared to their monometallic analogues, under the same reaction conditions, since a good compromise between stability and activity can be achieved where the Au provides catalytic activity and the Cu serves as a stabilizer. These Au
m
Cu
n
bimetallic DSNs present a less expensive and more stable catalyst with negligible loss of activity, opening the door to green catalysis.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Bimetals</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Catalysts</subject><subject>Catalytic activity</subject><subject>Catalytic oxidation</subject><subject>Chains</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Composition effects</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Gold</subject><subject>Hydrogen peroxide</subject><subject>Inorganic Chemistry</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Optical Devices</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Oxidizing agents</subject><subject>Photonics</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Polydispersity</subject><subject>Polypropyleneimine</subject><subject>Propylene imine</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Styrene</subject><issn>1388-0764</issn><issn>1572-896X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1KAzEUhQdRsFYfwF3AdezN_CXjTkr9AcGNgruQSW7KlGkyJlOxvolva2oFceHqXjjnfJfkZNk5g0sGwGeRMagYBSZoycqSFgfZhFU8p6KpXw7TXghBgdflcXYS4wqA1XmTT7LPhbWoR-Itccr5QYWx0z2SNY6qJ9qvBx-7sfPuiqy985QoZ0jbfct9p8nS92am_TBgIAadCUkKJI6q7fruA80faiQqkuj7N3QjtQExGbcBHRL_3hm1O0O0SuRtHONpdmRVH_HsZ06z55vF0_yOPjze3s-vH6guWZMwBdjWQq1ao1VTVVDbJFQN541GLmxjBBesRMHTFxQtYFtBWTSlQcCacVNMs4s9dwj-dYNxlCu_CS6dlDlAXjMQdZVcbO_SwccY0MohPVWFrWQgdw3IfQMyNSB3DcgiZfJ9JiavW2L4Jf8f-gIJ44z8</recordid><startdate>20180201</startdate><enddate>20180201</enddate><creator>Blanckenberg, A.</creator><creator>Kotze, G.</creator><creator>Swarts, A. J.</creator><creator>Malgas-Enus, R.</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-5419</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180201</creationdate><title>Effect of nanoparticle metal composition: mono- and bimetallic gold/copper dendrimer stabilized nanoparticles as solvent-free styrene oxidation catalysts</title><author>Blanckenberg, A. ; Kotze, G. ; Swarts, A. J. ; Malgas-Enus, R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-f30fbf06abdca95506fc4159779ce78f9d87814e871383b0eb504394de0e617d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Bimetals</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Catalytic activity</topic><topic>Catalytic oxidation</topic><topic>Chains</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Composition effects</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Gold</topic><topic>Hydrogen peroxide</topic><topic>Inorganic Chemistry</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Optical Devices</topic><topic>Optics</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Oxidizing agents</topic><topic>Photonics</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Polydispersity</topic><topic>Polypropyleneimine</topic><topic>Propylene imine</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><topic>Styrene</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Blanckenberg, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kotze, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swarts, A. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malgas-Enus, R.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><jtitle>Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Blanckenberg, A.</au><au>Kotze, G.</au><au>Swarts, A. J.</au><au>Malgas-Enus, R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of nanoparticle metal composition: mono- and bimetallic gold/copper dendrimer stabilized nanoparticles as solvent-free styrene oxidation catalysts</atitle><jtitle>Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology</jtitle><stitle>J Nanopart Res</stitle><date>2018-02-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>15</epage><pages>1-15</pages><artnum>44</artnum><issn>1388-0764</issn><eissn>1572-896X</eissn><abstract>A range of mono- and bimetallic Au
m
Cu
n
nanoparticles (NPs), with varying metal compositions, was prepared by using a third-generation diaminobutane poly(propylene imine) (G3 DAB-PPI) dendrimer, modified with alkyl chains, as a stabilizer. It was found that the length of the peripheral alkyl chain, (
M1
(C
15
),
M2
(C
11
), and
M3
(C
5
)), had a direct influence on the average nanoparticle size obtained, confirming the importance of the nanoparticle stabilizer during synthesis. The Au NPs showed the highest degree of agglomeration and polydispersity, whereas the Cu NPs were the smallest and most monodisperse of the NPs. The bimetallic NPs sizes were found to vary between those of the monometallic NPs, depending on the metal composition. Interestingly, the bimetallic NPs were found to be the most stable, showing very little variation in size over time, even up to 9 months. The DSNs were evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of styrene, using either H
2
O
2
or TBHP as oxidant. Here, we show that the bimetallic DSNs are indeed the superior catalysts when compared to their monometallic analogues, under the same reaction conditions, since a good compromise between stability and activity can be achieved where the Au provides catalytic activity and the Cu serves as a stabilizer. These Au
m
Cu
n
bimetallic DSNs present a less expensive and more stable catalyst with negligible loss of activity, opening the door to green catalysis.
Graphical abstract</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11051-018-4144-3</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-5419</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology, 2018-02, Vol.20 (2), p.1-15, Article 44 |
| issn | 1388-0764 1572-896X |
| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Bimetals Catalysis Catalysts Catalytic activity Catalytic oxidation Chains Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Composition effects Copper Gold Hydrogen peroxide Inorganic Chemistry Lasers Materials Science Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Optical Devices Optics Oxidation Oxidizing agents Photonics Physical Chemistry Polydispersity Polypropyleneimine Propylene imine Research Paper Solvents Styrene |
| title | Effect of nanoparticle metal composition: mono- and bimetallic gold/copper dendrimer stabilized nanoparticles as solvent-free styrene oxidation catalysts |
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