Consumer's Surplus: Marshall and His Critics

When the first edition of the Principles of Economics by Alfred Marshall was published in 1890, his theory of consumer's surplus provoked an intense controversy. Four criticisms were directly related to his original derivation of the demand curve and his analysis of consumer's surplus: fir...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Canadian journal of economics 1983-02, Vol.16 (1), p.26-38
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description When the first edition of the Principles of Economics by Alfred Marshall was published in 1890, his theory of consumer's surplus provoked an intense controversy. Four criticisms were directly related to his original derivation of the demand curve and his analysis of consumer's surplus: first, whether an additive utility function adequately explains consumer behaviour; second, whether the marginal utility of money can be treated as a constant; third, whether the quantity demanded of one commodity can be treated as a function of its price alone; and fourth, whether it is possible make interpersonal comparisons. Marshall and his supporters responded to nearly all the critics, sometimes in articles or letters, frequently by changes in the Principles. At the end of the controversy Marshall maintained that he had not changed his position in any way. /// Le surplus du consommateur: Marshall et ses critiques. Lors de la publication de la première édition des Principles of Economics d'Alfred Marshall en 1890, sa théorie du surplus du consommateur suscita une vive controverse. On remis en question sur quatre points sa dérivation originale de la courbe de demande et son analyse du surplus du consommateur: (1) à savoir si une fonction additive d'utilité explique adéquatement la conduite des consommateurs; (2) à savoir si l'utilité marginale de la monnaie peut être traitée comme une constante; (3) à savoir si la demande pour un bien peut être analysée en fonction de son seul prix; et (4) à savoir s'il est possible de faire des comparaisons d'utilité entre personnes. Marshall et ses partisans répondirent à presque tous les critiques, quelquefois dans des articles ou dans des lettres; souvent la réaction aux critiques va se traduire par des changements dans les Principles. A la fin de la controverse, Marshall devait soutenir qu'il n'avait pas modifié son point de vue.
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On remis en question sur quatre points sa dérivation originale de la courbe de demande et son analyse du surplus du consommateur: (1) à savoir si une fonction additive d'utilité explique adéquatement la conduite des consommateurs; (2) à savoir si l'utilité marginale de la monnaie peut être traitée comme une constante; (3) à savoir si la demande pour un bien peut être analysée en fonction de son seul prix; et (4) à savoir s'il est possible de faire des comparaisons d'utilité entre personnes. Marshall et ses partisans répondirent à presque tous les critiques, quelquefois dans des articles ou dans des lettres; souvent la réaction aux critiques va se traduire par des changements dans les Principles. 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On remis en question sur quatre points sa dérivation originale de la courbe de demande et son analyse du surplus du consommateur: (1) à savoir si une fonction additive d'utilité explique adéquatement la conduite des consommateurs; (2) à savoir si l'utilité marginale de la monnaie peut être traitée comme une constante; (3) à savoir si la demande pour un bien peut être analysée en fonction de son seul prix; et (4) à savoir s'il est possible de faire des comparaisons d'utilité entre personnes. Marshall et ses partisans répondirent à presque tous les critiques, quelquefois dans des articles ou dans des lettres; souvent la réaction aux critiques va se traduire par des changements dans les Principles. 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subjects Commodities
Consumer
Consumer economics
Consumer prices
Consumer surplus
Curve
Demand curves
Economic theory
Functions
Indifference
Marginal utility
Mathematical constants
Political economy
Surpluses
Utility functions
title Consumer's Surplus: Marshall and His Critics
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