Sputum induction: effect of nebulizer output and inhalation time on cell counts and fluid-phase measures
Background A knowledge of the factors that can affect induced sputum results is essential in order to standardize the procedure. Objective We investigated the influence of nebulizer output on sputum cell counts and fluid phase measurements at increasing times of sputum induction. Methods Eighteen ad...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical and experimental allergy 2001-11, Vol.31 (11), p.1740-1744 |
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| creator | Belda, J. Hussack, P. Dolovich, M. Efthimiadis, A. Hargreave, F. E. |
| description | Background A knowledge of the factors that can affect induced sputum results is essential in order to standardize the procedure.
Objective We investigated the influence of nebulizer output on sputum cell counts and fluid phase measurements at increasing times of sputum induction.
Methods Eighteen adults with stable asthma inhaled an aerosol of 3% hypertonic saline to induce sputum after 7, 14 and 21 min on 2 days separated by 48 h. On one day, in random order, the ultrasonic nebulizer used had a relatively low output of 0.87 mL/min (particle size 5.58 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD) and, on the other, a higher output of 1.90 mL/min (particle size 4.14 µm MMAD). The sputum was selected from each expectorate and examined blind to the induction procedures.
Results With both nebulizers, the 14‐ and 21‐min samples were lower in weight, neutrophils, eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL)‐8 and higher in macrophages. The higher output nebulizer induced sputum with higher cell viability and lower ECP and IL‐8.
Conclusion The results identify that the volume of hypertonic saline inhaled in sputum induction influences the fluid‐phase measurements. The duration of induction does alter the cell counts and suggests that the later expectorated sputum samples originate from more peripheral airways. The results draw attention to the need to standardize the volume and time of nebulization to accurately interpret and compare results. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01217.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_199880810</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>93319588</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3757-4fc64ab85a3cd1cee23e84fcc002f4ae416ba386b10106cdf4c13bb55822aa423</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkF1rFDEUhoModq3-BQmClzPmazIZwYuy1K1QVKhfdyGTOWGzzsc2meDWX2-mu7S35uaEk-c9JzwIYUpKSoR8tyspl1XB8ikZIbQklNG6PDxBq4eHp2hFmkoUtWrEGXoR444QwqtGPUdnlMpGkoqs0PZmn-Y0YD92yc5-Gt9jcA7sjCeHR2hT7_9CwFOaM4fN2GVya3qzoHj2A-BcLfQ9tlMa53iPuD75rthvTQQ8gIkpQHyJnjnTR3h1qufo-8fLb-ur4vrL5tP64rqwvK7qQjgrhWlVZbjtqAVgHFRuWkKYEwYEla3hSraUUCJt54SlvG2rSjFmjGD8HL05zt2H6TZBnPVuSmHMKzVtGqWIoiRD6gjZMMUYwOl98IMJd5oSvRjWO72I1ItIvRjW94b1IUdfn-andoDuMXhSmoG3J8BEa3oXzGh9fOQEZYJXMnMfjtwf38Pdf39Ary8vllvOF8e8jzMcHvIm_Nayzi71z88bfXP146v4xYje8H_1kabI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>199880810</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Sputum induction: effect of nebulizer output and inhalation time on cell counts and fluid-phase measures</title><source>Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><creator>Belda, J. ; Hussack, P. ; Dolovich, M. ; Efthimiadis, A. ; Hargreave, F. E.</creator><creatorcontrib>Belda, J. ; Hussack, P. ; Dolovich, M. ; Efthimiadis, A. ; Hargreave, F. E.</creatorcontrib><description>Background A knowledge of the factors that can affect induced sputum results is essential in order to standardize the procedure.
Objective We investigated the influence of nebulizer output on sputum cell counts and fluid phase measurements at increasing times of sputum induction.
Methods Eighteen adults with stable asthma inhaled an aerosol of 3% hypertonic saline to induce sputum after 7, 14 and 21 min on 2 days separated by 48 h. On one day, in random order, the ultrasonic nebulizer used had a relatively low output of 0.87 mL/min (particle size 5.58 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD) and, on the other, a higher output of 1.90 mL/min (particle size 4.14 µm MMAD). The sputum was selected from each expectorate and examined blind to the induction procedures.
Results With both nebulizers, the 14‐ and 21‐min samples were lower in weight, neutrophils, eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL)‐8 and higher in macrophages. The higher output nebulizer induced sputum with higher cell viability and lower ECP and IL‐8.
Conclusion The results identify that the volume of hypertonic saline inhaled in sputum induction influences the fluid‐phase measurements. The duration of induction does alter the cell counts and suggests that the later expectorated sputum samples originate from more peripheral airways. The results draw attention to the need to standardize the volume and time of nebulization to accurately interpret and compare results.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-7894</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2222</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01217.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11696050</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science, Ltd</publisher><subject>Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Allergic diseases ; Asthma - drug therapy ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Proteins - drug effects ; Cell Count - methods ; Cross-Over Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eosinophil Granule Proteins ; Eosinophils - drug effects ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume - drug effects ; Humans ; Immunopathology ; induced sputum ; Inhalation Exposure ; Interleukin-8 ; Macrophages - drug effects ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Neutrophils - drug effects ; Respiratory and ent allergic diseases ; Ribonucleases ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic - pharmacology ; Sputum - chemistry ; Sputum - cytology ; Sputum - drug effects ; sputum cell counts ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>Clinical and experimental allergy, 2001-11, Vol.31 (11), p.1740-1744</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd. Nov 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3757-4fc64ab85a3cd1cee23e84fcc002f4ae416ba386b10106cdf4c13bb55822aa423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3757-4fc64ab85a3cd1cee23e84fcc002f4ae416ba386b10106cdf4c13bb55822aa423</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2222.2001.01217.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2222.2001.01217.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14124356$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11696050$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Belda, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussack, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolovich, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Efthimiadis, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hargreave, F. E.</creatorcontrib><title>Sputum induction: effect of nebulizer output and inhalation time on cell counts and fluid-phase measures</title><title>Clinical and experimental allergy</title><addtitle>Clin Exp Allergy</addtitle><description>Background A knowledge of the factors that can affect induced sputum results is essential in order to standardize the procedure.
Objective We investigated the influence of nebulizer output on sputum cell counts and fluid phase measurements at increasing times of sputum induction.
Methods Eighteen adults with stable asthma inhaled an aerosol of 3% hypertonic saline to induce sputum after 7, 14 and 21 min on 2 days separated by 48 h. On one day, in random order, the ultrasonic nebulizer used had a relatively low output of 0.87 mL/min (particle size 5.58 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD) and, on the other, a higher output of 1.90 mL/min (particle size 4.14 µm MMAD). The sputum was selected from each expectorate and examined blind to the induction procedures.
Results With both nebulizers, the 14‐ and 21‐min samples were lower in weight, neutrophils, eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL)‐8 and higher in macrophages. The higher output nebulizer induced sputum with higher cell viability and lower ECP and IL‐8.
Conclusion The results identify that the volume of hypertonic saline inhaled in sputum induction influences the fluid‐phase measurements. The duration of induction does alter the cell counts and suggests that the later expectorated sputum samples originate from more peripheral airways. The results draw attention to the need to standardize the volume and time of nebulization to accurately interpret and compare results.</description><subject>Administration, Inhalation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Allergic diseases</subject><subject>Asthma - drug therapy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Proteins - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Count - methods</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Eosinophil Granule Proteins</subject><subject>Eosinophils - drug effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forced Expiratory Volume - drug effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunopathology</subject><subject>induced sputum</subject><subject>Inhalation Exposure</subject><subject>Interleukin-8</subject><subject>Macrophages - drug effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nebulizers and Vaporizers</subject><subject>Neutrophils - drug effects</subject><subject>Respiratory and ent allergic diseases</subject><subject>Ribonucleases</subject><subject>Saline Solution, Hypertonic - pharmacology</subject><subject>Sputum - chemistry</subject><subject>Sputum - cytology</subject><subject>Sputum - drug effects</subject><subject>sputum cell counts</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0954-7894</issn><issn>1365-2222</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkF1rFDEUhoModq3-BQmClzPmazIZwYuy1K1QVKhfdyGTOWGzzsc2meDWX2-mu7S35uaEk-c9JzwIYUpKSoR8tyspl1XB8ikZIbQklNG6PDxBq4eHp2hFmkoUtWrEGXoR444QwqtGPUdnlMpGkoqs0PZmn-Y0YD92yc5-Gt9jcA7sjCeHR2hT7_9CwFOaM4fN2GVya3qzoHj2A-BcLfQ9tlMa53iPuD75rthvTQQ8gIkpQHyJnjnTR3h1qufo-8fLb-ur4vrL5tP64rqwvK7qQjgrhWlVZbjtqAVgHFRuWkKYEwYEla3hSraUUCJt54SlvG2rSjFmjGD8HL05zt2H6TZBnPVuSmHMKzVtGqWIoiRD6gjZMMUYwOl98IMJd5oSvRjWO72I1ItIvRjW94b1IUdfn-andoDuMXhSmoG3J8BEa3oXzGh9fOQEZYJXMnMfjtwf38Pdf39Ary8vllvOF8e8jzMcHvIm_Nayzi71z88bfXP146v4xYje8H_1kabI</recordid><startdate>200111</startdate><enddate>200111</enddate><creator>Belda, J.</creator><creator>Hussack, P.</creator><creator>Dolovich, M.</creator><creator>Efthimiadis, A.</creator><creator>Hargreave, F. E.</creator><general>Blackwell Science, Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200111</creationdate><title>Sputum induction: effect of nebulizer output and inhalation time on cell counts and fluid-phase measures</title><author>Belda, J. ; Hussack, P. ; Dolovich, M. ; Efthimiadis, A. ; Hargreave, F. E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3757-4fc64ab85a3cd1cee23e84fcc002f4ae416ba386b10106cdf4c13bb55822aa423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Administration, Inhalation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Allergic diseases</topic><topic>Asthma - drug therapy</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Proteins - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Count - methods</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Eosinophil Granule Proteins</topic><topic>Eosinophils - drug effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forced Expiratory Volume - drug effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunopathology</topic><topic>induced sputum</topic><topic>Inhalation Exposure</topic><topic>Interleukin-8</topic><topic>Macrophages - drug effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nebulizers and Vaporizers</topic><topic>Neutrophils - drug effects</topic><topic>Respiratory and ent allergic diseases</topic><topic>Ribonucleases</topic><topic>Saline Solution, Hypertonic - pharmacology</topic><topic>Sputum - chemistry</topic><topic>Sputum - cytology</topic><topic>Sputum - drug effects</topic><topic>sputum cell counts</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Belda, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussack, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolovich, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Efthimiadis, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hargreave, F. E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><jtitle>Clinical and experimental allergy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Belda, J.</au><au>Hussack, P.</au><au>Dolovich, M.</au><au>Efthimiadis, A.</au><au>Hargreave, F. E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sputum induction: effect of nebulizer output and inhalation time on cell counts and fluid-phase measures</atitle><jtitle>Clinical and experimental allergy</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Exp Allergy</addtitle><date>2001-11</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1740</spage><epage>1744</epage><pages>1740-1744</pages><issn>0954-7894</issn><eissn>1365-2222</eissn><abstract>Background A knowledge of the factors that can affect induced sputum results is essential in order to standardize the procedure.
Objective We investigated the influence of nebulizer output on sputum cell counts and fluid phase measurements at increasing times of sputum induction.
Methods Eighteen adults with stable asthma inhaled an aerosol of 3% hypertonic saline to induce sputum after 7, 14 and 21 min on 2 days separated by 48 h. On one day, in random order, the ultrasonic nebulizer used had a relatively low output of 0.87 mL/min (particle size 5.58 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD) and, on the other, a higher output of 1.90 mL/min (particle size 4.14 µm MMAD). The sputum was selected from each expectorate and examined blind to the induction procedures.
Results With both nebulizers, the 14‐ and 21‐min samples were lower in weight, neutrophils, eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL)‐8 and higher in macrophages. The higher output nebulizer induced sputum with higher cell viability and lower ECP and IL‐8.
Conclusion The results identify that the volume of hypertonic saline inhaled in sputum induction influences the fluid‐phase measurements. The duration of induction does alter the cell counts and suggests that the later expectorated sputum samples originate from more peripheral airways. The results draw attention to the need to standardize the volume and time of nebulization to accurately interpret and compare results.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science, Ltd</pub><pmid>11696050</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01217.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0954-7894 |
| ispartof | Clinical and experimental allergy, 2001-11, Vol.31 (11), p.1740-1744 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Administration, Inhalation Adult Allergic diseases Asthma - drug therapy Biological and medical sciences Blood Proteins - drug effects Cell Count - methods Cross-Over Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Eosinophil Granule Proteins Eosinophils - drug effects Female Forced Expiratory Volume - drug effects Humans Immunopathology induced sputum Inhalation Exposure Interleukin-8 Macrophages - drug effects Male Medical sciences Nebulizers and Vaporizers Neutrophils - drug effects Respiratory and ent allergic diseases Ribonucleases Saline Solution, Hypertonic - pharmacology Sputum - chemistry Sputum - cytology Sputum - drug effects sputum cell counts Time Factors |
| title | Sputum induction: effect of nebulizer output and inhalation time on cell counts and fluid-phase measures |
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