Possible protective effect of the algae spirulina against nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A and/or gamma radiation in rats
The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective role of the algae spirulina (Sp) against nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress which are the main secondary effects induced by the immunosuppressant drug CSA and/or ionizing radiation. In this study, male rats were given Sp (1 g/kg) e...
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| description | The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective role of the algae spirulina (Sp) against nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress which are the main secondary effects induced by the immunosuppressant drug CSA and/or ionizing radiation. In this study, male rats were given Sp (1 g/kg) either for 15 days before irradiation (6.5 Gy) or 5 days before and 10 days concomitant with CSA (25 mg/kg). Markers used to assess renal injury included serum creatinine, urea, glucose, albumin, protein, and lipid profile as well as kidney content of reduced glutathione (GSH); lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)); nitrite and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, some trace elements (Zn and Mg) were estimated in kidney. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemical estimation of caspase-3 expression in addition to histopathological examination. Results revealed that gamma radiation and/or CSA induced elevation in urea, creatinine, lipids, and glucose while decreasing albumin and protein levels. There was a noticeable increase in kidney content of GSH, TBARS, and nitrite. Meanwhile, profound decrease in kidney SOD activity was observed. Treatment with Sp significantly reversed the changes induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation in renal function tests. Spirulina also ameliorated kidney oxidative stress through decreasing GSH, TBARS, and nitrite kidney content while increasing SOD activity. Histopathological examination further confirmed Sp protective efficacy. Moreover, kidney caspase-3 expression that was triggered by CSA and/or gamma radiation was decreased. In conclusion, spirulina can be regarded as a promising renoprotective natural agent against renal injury induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-017-1146-0 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, male rats were given Sp (1 g/kg) either for 15 days before irradiation (6.5 Gy) or 5 days before and 10 days concomitant with CSA (25 mg/kg). Markers used to assess renal injury included serum creatinine, urea, glucose, albumin, protein, and lipid profile as well as kidney content of reduced glutathione (GSH); lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)); nitrite and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, some trace elements (Zn and Mg) were estimated in kidney. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemical estimation of caspase-3 expression in addition to histopathological examination. Results revealed that gamma radiation and/or CSA induced elevation in urea, creatinine, lipids, and glucose while decreasing albumin and protein levels. There was a noticeable increase in kidney content of GSH, TBARS, and nitrite. Meanwhile, profound decrease in kidney SOD activity was observed. Treatment with Sp significantly reversed the changes induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation in renal function tests. Spirulina also ameliorated kidney oxidative stress through decreasing GSH, TBARS, and nitrite kidney content while increasing SOD activity. Histopathological examination further confirmed Sp protective efficacy. Moreover, kidney caspase-3 expression that was triggered by CSA and/or gamma radiation was decreased. In conclusion, spirulina can be regarded as a promising renoprotective natural agent against renal injury induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1146-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29333572</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Albumin ; Algae ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Caspase ; Caspase-3 ; Creatinine ; Creatinine - blood ; Cyclosporine - chemistry ; Cyclosporine - pharmacology ; Cyclosporins ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Gamma Rays ; Glucose ; Glutathione ; Glutathione - chemistry ; Glutathione - metabolism ; Immunosuppressive Agents - chemistry ; Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacology ; Ionizing radiation ; Irradiation ; Kidney - drug effects ; Kidneys ; Lipid peroxidation ; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects ; Lipids ; Male ; Nitrites ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Peroxidation ; Radiation ; Radiation injuries ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Renal function ; Research Article ; Rodents ; Spirulina - chemistry ; Spirulina - metabolism ; Superoxide dismutase ; Thiobarbituric acid ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - chemistry ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - metabolism ; Trace elements ; Urea ; Urea - blood ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; γ Radiation</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018-03, Vol.25 (9), p.9060-9070</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>Environmental Science and Pollution Research is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-124b2443145de7388b9a09f5fab6f14bc484de550a00eb14a31d5ab6ba515bda3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-124b2443145de7388b9a09f5fab6f14bc484de550a00eb14a31d5ab6ba515bda3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-1146-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-017-1146-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29333572$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aziz, Maha M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eid, Nihad I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nada, Ahmed S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amin, Nour El-Din</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ain-Shoka, Afaf A.</creatorcontrib><title>Possible protective effect of the algae spirulina against nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A and/or gamma radiation in rats</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective role of the algae spirulina (Sp) against nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress which are the main secondary effects induced by the immunosuppressant drug CSA and/or ionizing radiation. In this study, male rats were given Sp (1 g/kg) either for 15 days before irradiation (6.5 Gy) or 5 days before and 10 days concomitant with CSA (25 mg/kg). Markers used to assess renal injury included serum creatinine, urea, glucose, albumin, protein, and lipid profile as well as kidney content of reduced glutathione (GSH); lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)); nitrite and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, some trace elements (Zn and Mg) were estimated in kidney. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemical estimation of caspase-3 expression in addition to histopathological examination. Results revealed that gamma radiation and/or CSA induced elevation in urea, creatinine, lipids, and glucose while decreasing albumin and protein levels. There was a noticeable increase in kidney content of GSH, TBARS, and nitrite. Meanwhile, profound decrease in kidney SOD activity was observed. Treatment with Sp significantly reversed the changes induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation in renal function tests. Spirulina also ameliorated kidney oxidative stress through decreasing GSH, TBARS, and nitrite kidney content while increasing SOD activity. Histopathological examination further confirmed Sp protective efficacy. Moreover, kidney caspase-3 expression that was triggered by CSA and/or gamma radiation was decreased. In conclusion, spirulina can be regarded as a promising renoprotective natural agent against renal injury induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation.</description><subject>Albumin</subject><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Caspase</subject><subject>Caspase-3</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Creatinine - blood</subject><subject>Cyclosporine - chemistry</subject><subject>Cyclosporine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cyclosporins</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Gamma Rays</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione - chemistry</subject><subject>Glutathione - metabolism</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Ionizing radiation</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Kidney - drug effects</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Nitrites</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Peroxidation</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiation injuries</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Renal function</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Spirulina - chemistry</subject><subject>Spirulina - metabolism</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Thiobarbituric acid</subject><subject>Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - chemistry</subject><subject>Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - metabolism</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Urea - blood</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>γ Radiation</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEFvFDEMhSMEotvCD-CCInGeNp4kO5tjVVFAqgQHOEfOxLNNNZsMSQaxR_45qbYgLpxsy-89yx9jb0BcghDDVQGQetsJGDoA1ZpnbANbUN2gjHnONsIo1YFU6oydl_IgRC9MP7xkZ72RUuqh37BfX1Ipwc3El5wqjTX8IE7T1DqeJl7vieO8R-JlCXmdQ0SOewyxVB5puW-e9DOMoR55iH4dyXN35ONxnFNZUg6R-DXH6K9S5ns8HJBn9AFrSLEZ2lDLK_ZiwrnQ66d6wb7dvv9687G7-_zh0831XTcqYWoHvXK9UhKU9jTI3c4ZFGbSE7rtBMqNaqc8aS1QCHKgUILXbedQg3Ye5QV7d8ptj35fqVT7kNYc20kLpmExw06bpoKTaswNTKbJLjkcMB8tCPsI3Z6g2wbdPkK3onnePiWv7kD-r-MP5SboT4LSVnFP-Z_T_039DQj9jt4</recordid><startdate>20180301</startdate><enddate>20180301</enddate><creator>Aziz, Maha M.</creator><creator>Eid, Nihad I.</creator><creator>Nada, Ahmed S.</creator><creator>Amin, Nour El-Din</creator><creator>Ain-Shoka, Afaf A.</creator><general>Springer Berlin 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protective effect of the algae spirulina against nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A and/or gamma radiation in rats</title><author>Aziz, Maha M. ; Eid, Nihad I. ; Nada, Ahmed S. ; Amin, Nour El-Din ; Ain-Shoka, Afaf A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-124b2443145de7388b9a09f5fab6f14bc484de550a00eb14a31d5ab6ba515bda3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Albumin</topic><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Caspase</topic><topic>Caspase-3</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Creatinine - blood</topic><topic>Cyclosporine - chemistry</topic><topic>Cyclosporine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cyclosporins</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental 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Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2018-03-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>9060</spage><epage>9070</epage><pages>9060-9070</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective role of the algae spirulina (Sp) against nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress which are the main secondary effects induced by the immunosuppressant drug CSA and/or ionizing radiation. In this study, male rats were given Sp (1 g/kg) either for 15 days before irradiation (6.5 Gy) or 5 days before and 10 days concomitant with CSA (25 mg/kg). Markers used to assess renal injury included serum creatinine, urea, glucose, albumin, protein, and lipid profile as well as kidney content of reduced glutathione (GSH); lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)); nitrite and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, some trace elements (Zn and Mg) were estimated in kidney. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemical estimation of caspase-3 expression in addition to histopathological examination. Results revealed that gamma radiation and/or CSA induced elevation in urea, creatinine, lipids, and glucose while decreasing albumin and protein levels. There was a noticeable increase in kidney content of GSH, TBARS, and nitrite. Meanwhile, profound decrease in kidney SOD activity was observed. Treatment with Sp significantly reversed the changes induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation in renal function tests. Spirulina also ameliorated kidney oxidative stress through decreasing GSH, TBARS, and nitrite kidney content while increasing SOD activity. Histopathological examination further confirmed Sp protective efficacy. Moreover, kidney caspase-3 expression that was triggered by CSA and/or gamma radiation was decreased. In conclusion, spirulina can be regarded as a promising renoprotective natural agent against renal injury induced by CSA and/or gamma radiation.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>29333572</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-017-1146-0</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018-03, Vol.25 (9), p.9060-9070 |
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| subjects | Albumin Algae Animals Apoptosis Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Caspase Caspase-3 Creatinine Creatinine - blood Cyclosporine - chemistry Cyclosporine - pharmacology Cyclosporins Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Gamma Rays Glucose Glutathione Glutathione - chemistry Glutathione - metabolism Immunosuppressive Agents - chemistry Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacology Ionizing radiation Irradiation Kidney - drug effects Kidneys Lipid peroxidation Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects Lipids Male Nitrites Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Peroxidation Radiation Radiation injuries Rats Rats, Wistar Renal function Research Article Rodents Spirulina - chemistry Spirulina - metabolism Superoxide dismutase Thiobarbituric acid Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - chemistry Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - metabolism Trace elements Urea Urea - blood Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control γ Radiation |
| title | Possible protective effect of the algae spirulina against nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A and/or gamma radiation in rats |
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