A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels
Background Lead (Pb) is a pervasive metal that can be found in, and potentially leached from, ceramics, particularly into acidic foods and beverages. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential lead exposure from coffee and tea consumption, given that both are acidic and routinely consum...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of food contamination 2017-02, Vol.4 (1), p.1-11, Article 4 |
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| creator | Anderson, Grace L. Garnick, Lindsey Fung, Mai S. Gaffney, Shannon H. |
| description | Background
Lead (Pb) is a pervasive metal that can be found in, and potentially leached from, ceramics, particularly into acidic foods and beverages. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential lead exposure from coffee and tea consumption, given that both are acidic and routinely consumed from ceramic mugs. We measured the concentration of lead in coffee and tea at two different time points brewed in five readily available mugs known to contain lead. Results were compared to EPA’s action level for drinking water and FDA’s allowable level for bottled water. The measured concentrations, along with consumption patterns, were also used to calculate potential daily lead doses, which were compared to California’s Safe Harbor Levels under Proposition 65. Additionally, we estimated changes in adult and fetal blood lead levels using EPA’s Adult Lead Methodology model.
Findings
The results of this pilot study suggest that lead in ceramic mugs can leach into coffee and tea. The measured lead concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 8.6 μg/L in coffee, and from |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s40550-017-0049-7 |
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Lead (Pb) is a pervasive metal that can be found in, and potentially leached from, ceramics, particularly into acidic foods and beverages. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential lead exposure from coffee and tea consumption, given that both are acidic and routinely consumed from ceramic mugs. We measured the concentration of lead in coffee and tea at two different time points brewed in five readily available mugs known to contain lead. Results were compared to EPA’s action level for drinking water and FDA’s allowable level for bottled water. The measured concentrations, along with consumption patterns, were also used to calculate potential daily lead doses, which were compared to California’s Safe Harbor Levels under Proposition 65. Additionally, we estimated changes in adult and fetal blood lead levels using EPA’s Adult Lead Methodology model.
Findings
The results of this pilot study suggest that lead in ceramic mugs can leach into coffee and tea. The measured lead concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 8.6 μg/L in coffee, and from <0.2 to 1.6 μg/L in tea. No statistical differences were found between the measured concentrations in coffee, tea, or water within each cup, or in the measured concentrations between retention times within each cup. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the lead concentrations measured between cups, indicating that the lead concentrations were dependent on the cup used, rather than on the beverage or retention time. The estimated daily dose of lead exceeded the California Maximum Allowable Dose Level of 0.5 μg per day for one of the five mugs tested. Blood lead levels did not increase above regulatory or guidance values.
Conclusions
This preliminary investigation provides data on potential lead exposures from daily beverage consumption among typical consumers, relevant to a substantial portion of the population, with particular implications for pregnant women.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2196-2804</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2196-2804</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s40550-017-0049-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Beverages ; Blood levels ; Bottled water ; Ceramics ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Coffee ; Consumption ; Consumption patterns ; Cups ; Dosage ; Drinking water ; Exposure ; Fetuses ; Food ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food Science ; Lead ; Lead content ; Lead poisoning ; Population (statistical) ; Pregnancy ; Retention ; Retention time ; Short Report ; Statistical analysis ; Tea</subject><ispartof>International journal of food contamination, 2017-02, Vol.4 (1), p.1-11, Article 4</ispartof><rights>The Author(s). 2017</rights><rights>International Journal of Food Contamination is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2747-9648f167e1a5c491ae5378badd4978d01e560b6c16fe5e0e7b4e5ba819b5aef43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2747-9648f167e1a5c491ae5378badd4978d01e560b6c16fe5e0e7b4e5ba819b5aef43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Grace L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garnick, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fung, Mai S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaffney, Shannon H.</creatorcontrib><title>A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels</title><title>International journal of food contamination</title><addtitle>FoodContamination</addtitle><description>Background
Lead (Pb) is a pervasive metal that can be found in, and potentially leached from, ceramics, particularly into acidic foods and beverages. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential lead exposure from coffee and tea consumption, given that both are acidic and routinely consumed from ceramic mugs. We measured the concentration of lead in coffee and tea at two different time points brewed in five readily available mugs known to contain lead. Results were compared to EPA’s action level for drinking water and FDA’s allowable level for bottled water. The measured concentrations, along with consumption patterns, were also used to calculate potential daily lead doses, which were compared to California’s Safe Harbor Levels under Proposition 65. Additionally, we estimated changes in adult and fetal blood lead levels using EPA’s Adult Lead Methodology model.
Findings
The results of this pilot study suggest that lead in ceramic mugs can leach into coffee and tea. The measured lead concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 8.6 μg/L in coffee, and from <0.2 to 1.6 μg/L in tea. No statistical differences were found between the measured concentrations in coffee, tea, or water within each cup, or in the measured concentrations between retention times within each cup. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the lead concentrations measured between cups, indicating that the lead concentrations were dependent on the cup used, rather than on the beverage or retention time. The estimated daily dose of lead exceeded the California Maximum Allowable Dose Level of 0.5 μg per day for one of the five mugs tested. Blood lead levels did not increase above regulatory or guidance values.
Conclusions
This preliminary investigation provides data on potential lead exposures from daily beverage consumption among typical consumers, relevant to a substantial portion of the population, with particular implications for pregnant women.</description><subject>Beverages</subject><subject>Blood levels</subject><subject>Bottled water</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Coffee</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Consumption patterns</subject><subject>Cups</subject><subject>Dosage</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lead content</subject><subject>Lead poisoning</subject><subject>Population (statistical)</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Retention</subject><subject>Retention time</subject><subject>Short Report</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Tea</subject><issn>2196-2804</issn><issn>2196-2804</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMFKw0AQhoMoWLQP4G3Bc3S33exmvZWiVih4UM_LJJktKUk27iRin8JXdks89OJpZuD7_4EvSW4EvxMiV_ckeZbxlAudci5Nqs-S2UIYlS5yLs9P9stkTrTnnIulXAqpZsnPivV14wdGw1gd2OAZECERaxAqht-9pzEgc8G3LPhxqDtkpe9obPuh9h3zLp7OITLoKjYgTGiJAdq6ZO24o4dItD2EmiIfH6yhqZ0PXQ3sDRyyDYTCB7bFL2zoOrlw0BDO_-ZV8vH0-L7epNvX55f1apuWCy11apTMnVAaBWSlNAIwW-q8gKqSRucVF5gpXqhSKIcZctSFxKyAXJgiA3RyeZXcTr198J8j0mD3fgxdfGmFyXVuFNcmUmKiyuCJAjrbh7qFcLCC26N6O6m3Ub09qrc6ZhZThiLb7TCcNP8b-gW7R4hw</recordid><startdate>20170206</startdate><enddate>20170206</enddate><creator>Anderson, Grace L.</creator><creator>Garnick, Lindsey</creator><creator>Fung, Mai S.</creator><creator>Gaffney, Shannon H.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170206</creationdate><title>A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels</title><author>Anderson, Grace L. ; Garnick, Lindsey ; Fung, Mai S. ; Gaffney, Shannon H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2747-9648f167e1a5c491ae5378badd4978d01e560b6c16fe5e0e7b4e5ba819b5aef43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Beverages</topic><topic>Blood levels</topic><topic>Bottled water</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Coffee</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Consumption patterns</topic><topic>Cups</topic><topic>Dosage</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Fetuses</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Food Science</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Lead content</topic><topic>Lead poisoning</topic><topic>Population (statistical)</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Retention</topic><topic>Retention time</topic><topic>Short Report</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Tea</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Grace L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garnick, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fung, Mai S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaffney, Shannon H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>International journal of food contamination</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anderson, Grace L.</au><au>Garnick, Lindsey</au><au>Fung, Mai S.</au><au>Gaffney, Shannon H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels</atitle><jtitle>International journal of food contamination</jtitle><stitle>FoodContamination</stitle><date>2017-02-06</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>11</epage><pages>1-11</pages><artnum>4</artnum><issn>2196-2804</issn><eissn>2196-2804</eissn><abstract>Background
Lead (Pb) is a pervasive metal that can be found in, and potentially leached from, ceramics, particularly into acidic foods and beverages. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential lead exposure from coffee and tea consumption, given that both are acidic and routinely consumed from ceramic mugs. We measured the concentration of lead in coffee and tea at two different time points brewed in five readily available mugs known to contain lead. Results were compared to EPA’s action level for drinking water and FDA’s allowable level for bottled water. The measured concentrations, along with consumption patterns, were also used to calculate potential daily lead doses, which were compared to California’s Safe Harbor Levels under Proposition 65. Additionally, we estimated changes in adult and fetal blood lead levels using EPA’s Adult Lead Methodology model.
Findings
The results of this pilot study suggest that lead in ceramic mugs can leach into coffee and tea. The measured lead concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 8.6 μg/L in coffee, and from <0.2 to 1.6 μg/L in tea. No statistical differences were found between the measured concentrations in coffee, tea, or water within each cup, or in the measured concentrations between retention times within each cup. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the lead concentrations measured between cups, indicating that the lead concentrations were dependent on the cup used, rather than on the beverage or retention time. The estimated daily dose of lead exceeded the California Maximum Allowable Dose Level of 0.5 μg per day for one of the five mugs tested. Blood lead levels did not increase above regulatory or guidance values.
Conclusions
This preliminary investigation provides data on potential lead exposures from daily beverage consumption among typical consumers, relevant to a substantial portion of the population, with particular implications for pregnant women.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1186/s40550-017-0049-7</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Beverages Blood levels Bottled water Ceramics Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Coffee Consumption Consumption patterns Cups Dosage Drinking water Exposure Fetuses Food Food contamination & poisoning Food Science Lead Lead content Lead poisoning Population (statistical) Pregnancy Retention Retention time Short Report Statistical analysis Tea |
| title | A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels |
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