Oral contraception and stroke : evidence from the royal college of general practitioners' oral contraception study
A nested case-control analysis of data collected during the prospective Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study was performed to examine the relation between use of oral contraception and risk of stroke. The 253 women who had a first-ever stroke (International Classific...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Stroke (1970) 1994-05, Vol.25 (5), p.935-942 |
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| creator | HANNAFORD, P. C CROFT, P. R KAY, C. R |
| description | A nested case-control analysis of data collected during the prospective Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study was performed to examine the relation between use of oral contraception and risk of stroke.
The 253 women who had a first-ever stroke (International Classification of Diseases, eighth revision, codes 4300 to 4389) or amaurosis fugax (code 3791) between 1968 and 1990 (case subjects) were compared with 759 women who did not have this diagnosis (control subjects).
Smoking, social class, and history of hypertension were found to be important risk factors for stroke. Women who had ever used oral contraceptives had an increased risk of all stroke (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0, adjusted for smoking and social class) and of a fatal event (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.4). A significant doubling of all stroke risk was observed among current users, an effect that was apparent in both smokers and nonsmokers. Former users had a small nonsignificant elevation in risk of all stroke but a stronger risk of a fatal event. The effects in former users appeared to be restricted to women who smoked.
Current users of oral contraceptives appeared to be at increased risk of stroke. There is some evidence that former users may also have a persisting effect, although further research is needed to confirm these observations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1161/01.STR.25.5.935 |
| format | Article |
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The 253 women who had a first-ever stroke (International Classification of Diseases, eighth revision, codes 4300 to 4389) or amaurosis fugax (code 3791) between 1968 and 1990 (case subjects) were compared with 759 women who did not have this diagnosis (control subjects).
Smoking, social class, and history of hypertension were found to be important risk factors for stroke. Women who had ever used oral contraceptives had an increased risk of all stroke (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0, adjusted for smoking and social class) and of a fatal event (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.4). A significant doubling of all stroke risk was observed among current users, an effect that was apparent in both smokers and nonsmokers. Former users had a small nonsignificant elevation in risk of all stroke but a stronger risk of a fatal event. The effects in former users appeared to be restricted to women who smoked.
Current users of oral contraceptives appeared to be at increased risk of stroke. There is some evidence that former users may also have a persisting effect, although further research is needed to confirm these observations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0039-2499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1524-4628</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.25.5.935</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8165687</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SJCCA7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebrovascular Disorders - chemically induced ; Cerebrovascular Disorders - epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Confidence Intervals ; Contraceptives, Oral - adverse effects ; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension - complications ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Risk Factors ; Smoking - adverse effects ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - chemically induced ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - epidemiology ; Thromboembolism - chemically induced ; Thromboembolism - epidemiology ; Toxicity: nervous system and muscle</subject><ispartof>Stroke (1970), 1994-05, Vol.25 (5), p.935-942</ispartof><rights>1994 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Heart Association, Inc. May 1994</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-6c28a11a5b6b901de30d6b6b676449f26e05107da049c557cbc36e3a634971143</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3687,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4042753$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8165687$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>HANNAFORD, P. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CROFT, P. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KAY, C. R</creatorcontrib><title>Oral contraception and stroke : evidence from the royal college of general practitioners' oral contraception study</title><title>Stroke (1970)</title><addtitle>Stroke</addtitle><description>A nested case-control analysis of data collected during the prospective Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study was performed to examine the relation between use of oral contraception and risk of stroke.
The 253 women who had a first-ever stroke (International Classification of Diseases, eighth revision, codes 4300 to 4389) or amaurosis fugax (code 3791) between 1968 and 1990 (case subjects) were compared with 759 women who did not have this diagnosis (control subjects).
Smoking, social class, and history of hypertension were found to be important risk factors for stroke. Women who had ever used oral contraceptives had an increased risk of all stroke (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0, adjusted for smoking and social class) and of a fatal event (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.4). A significant doubling of all stroke risk was observed among current users, an effect that was apparent in both smokers and nonsmokers. Former users had a small nonsignificant elevation in risk of all stroke but a stronger risk of a fatal event. The effects in former users appeared to be restricted to women who smoked.
Current users of oral contraceptives appeared to be at increased risk of stroke. There is some evidence that former users may also have a persisting effect, although further research is needed to confirm these observations.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Disorders - chemically induced</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Confidence Intervals</subject><subject>Contraceptives, Oral - adverse effects</subject><subject>Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension - complications</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - chemically induced</subject><subject>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - epidemiology</subject><subject>Thromboembolism - chemically induced</subject><subject>Thromboembolism - epidemiology</subject><subject>Toxicity: nervous system and muscle</subject><issn>0039-2499</issn><issn>1524-4628</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNplkEtLxDAURoMo4_hYuxKCCK5a807jTsQXCIKO65Cmt2PHTjMmHWH-vR0tblzdC_d858KH0AklOaWKXhKav85eciZzmRsud9CUSiYyoVixi6aEcJMxYcw-OkhpQQhhvJATNCmokqrQUxSfo2uxD10fnYdV34QOu67CqY_hA_AVhq-mgs4DrmNY4v4dcAybn0jbwhxwqPEcOthaVoOib7YKiOkCh__m1K-rzRHaq12b4Hich-jt7nZ285A9Pd8_3lw_ZV6Ios-UZ4Wj1MlSlYbQCjip1LArrYQwNVNAJCW6ckQYL6X2pecKuFNcGE2p4Ifo7Ne7iuFzDam3i7CO3fDSUqM1L7RRA3T5C_kYUopQ21Vsli5uLCV227Al1A4NWyattEPDQ-J01K7LJVR__FjpcD8f7y5519bRdb5Jf5gggmnJ-Tda4IQW</recordid><startdate>19940501</startdate><enddate>19940501</enddate><creator>HANNAFORD, P. C</creator><creator>CROFT, P. R</creator><creator>KAY, C. R</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><general>American Heart Association, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19940501</creationdate><title>Oral contraception and stroke : evidence from the royal college of general practitioners' oral contraception study</title><author>HANNAFORD, P. C ; CROFT, P. R ; KAY, C. R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-6c28a11a5b6b901de30d6b6b676449f26e05107da049c557cbc36e3a634971143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1994</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Disorders - chemically induced</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Confidence Intervals</topic><topic>Contraceptives, Oral - adverse effects</topic><topic>Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension - complications</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Smoking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - chemically induced</topic><topic>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - epidemiology</topic><topic>Thromboembolism - chemically induced</topic><topic>Thromboembolism - epidemiology</topic><topic>Toxicity: nervous system and muscle</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>HANNAFORD, P. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CROFT, P. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KAY, C. R</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><jtitle>Stroke (1970)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>HANNAFORD, P. C</au><au>CROFT, P. R</au><au>KAY, C. R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Oral contraception and stroke : evidence from the royal college of general practitioners' oral contraception study</atitle><jtitle>Stroke (1970)</jtitle><addtitle>Stroke</addtitle><date>1994-05-01</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>935</spage><epage>942</epage><pages>935-942</pages><issn>0039-2499</issn><eissn>1524-4628</eissn><coden>SJCCA7</coden><abstract>A nested case-control analysis of data collected during the prospective Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study was performed to examine the relation between use of oral contraception and risk of stroke.
The 253 women who had a first-ever stroke (International Classification of Diseases, eighth revision, codes 4300 to 4389) or amaurosis fugax (code 3791) between 1968 and 1990 (case subjects) were compared with 759 women who did not have this diagnosis (control subjects).
Smoking, social class, and history of hypertension were found to be important risk factors for stroke. Women who had ever used oral contraceptives had an increased risk of all stroke (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0, adjusted for smoking and social class) and of a fatal event (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.4). A significant doubling of all stroke risk was observed among current users, an effect that was apparent in both smokers and nonsmokers. Former users had a small nonsignificant elevation in risk of all stroke but a stronger risk of a fatal event. The effects in former users appeared to be restricted to women who smoked.
Current users of oral contraceptives appeared to be at increased risk of stroke. There is some evidence that former users may also have a persisting effect, although further research is needed to confirm these observations.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>8165687</pmid><doi>10.1161/01.STR.25.5.935</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Heart Association Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Journals@Ovid Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Cerebrovascular Disorders - chemically induced Cerebrovascular Disorders - epidemiology Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals Contraceptives, Oral - adverse effects Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment Female Humans Hypertension - complications Medical sciences Middle Aged Odds Ratio Pharmacology. Drug treatments Risk Factors Smoking - adverse effects Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - chemically induced Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - epidemiology Thromboembolism - chemically induced Thromboembolism - epidemiology Toxicity: nervous system and muscle |
| title | Oral contraception and stroke : evidence from the royal college of general practitioners' oral contraception study |
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