Root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass
•Cereals have more root biomass in organic than conventional farming.•Cereal root biomass varied with year, farming systems and cereal species.•Catch crops had more shoot and root biomass than weeds.•Root biomass is best estimated using fixed root biomass based on influential factors. Reliable infor...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2018-01, Vol.251, p.141-148 |
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| creator | Hu, Teng Sørensen, Peter Wahlström, Ellen Margrethe Chirinda, Ngonidzashe Sharif, Behzad Li, Xiaoxi Olesen, Jørgen Eivind |
| description | •Cereals have more root biomass in organic than conventional farming.•Cereal root biomass varied with year, farming systems and cereal species.•Catch crops had more shoot and root biomass than weeds.•Root biomass is best estimated using fixed root biomass based on influential factors.
Reliable information on belowground plant biomass is essential to estimate belowground carbon inputs to soils. Estimations of belowground plant biomass are often based on a fixed allometric relationship of plant biomass between aboveground and belowground parts. However, environmental and management factors may affect this allometric relationship making such estimates uncertain and biased. Therefore, we aimed to explore how root biomass for typical cereal crops, catch crops and weeds could most reliably be estimated. Published and unpublished data on aboveground and root biomass (corrected to 0–25cm depth) of cereal crops (wheat and barley), catch crops and weeds were collected from studies in Denmark. Leave one out cross validation was used to determine the model that could best estimate root biomass.
Root biomass varied with year, farming system (organic versus conventional) and cereal species. Shoot and root biomass of catch crops were higher than for weeds (sampled in late autumn), and farming system significantly affected root biomass of catch crops and weeds. The use of fixed root biomass based on the most influential factors (farming system and species) provided the lowest error of prediction for estimation of root biomass, compared with the use of fixed allometric relations, such as root/shoot ratio. For cereal crops, the average root dry matter in organic farming systems was 218gm−2 (243 and 193gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively), but in conventional systems only 139gm−2 (142 and 129gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively). For catch crops and weeds, the root dry matter in organic farming systems were around 127 and 35gm−2, and in conventional farming systems 75 and 28gm−2, respectively.
In conclusion, the present analysis indicates that root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass, and it may be better estimated using fixed values based on species and farming systems than using fixed allometric ratios. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.024 |
| format | Article |
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Reliable information on belowground plant biomass is essential to estimate belowground carbon inputs to soils. Estimations of belowground plant biomass are often based on a fixed allometric relationship of plant biomass between aboveground and belowground parts. However, environmental and management factors may affect this allometric relationship making such estimates uncertain and biased. Therefore, we aimed to explore how root biomass for typical cereal crops, catch crops and weeds could most reliably be estimated. Published and unpublished data on aboveground and root biomass (corrected to 0–25cm depth) of cereal crops (wheat and barley), catch crops and weeds were collected from studies in Denmark. Leave one out cross validation was used to determine the model that could best estimate root biomass.
Root biomass varied with year, farming system (organic versus conventional) and cereal species. Shoot and root biomass of catch crops were higher than for weeds (sampled in late autumn), and farming system significantly affected root biomass of catch crops and weeds. The use of fixed root biomass based on the most influential factors (farming system and species) provided the lowest error of prediction for estimation of root biomass, compared with the use of fixed allometric relations, such as root/shoot ratio. For cereal crops, the average root dry matter in organic farming systems was 218gm−2 (243 and 193gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively), but in conventional systems only 139gm−2 (142 and 129gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively). For catch crops and weeds, the root dry matter in organic farming systems were around 127 and 35gm−2, and in conventional farming systems 75 and 28gm−2, respectively.
In conclusion, the present analysis indicates that root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass, and it may be better estimated using fixed values based on species and farming systems than using fixed allometric ratios.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-8809</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2305</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.024</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Allometric root estimation ; Barley ; Biomass ; Catch crops ; Cereal crops ; Cereals ; Crops ; Dry matter ; Energy crops ; Environmental management ; Farming ; Organic farming ; Plant biomass ; Root biomass ; Root:shoot ratio ; Shoot biomass ; Species ; Sustainable agriculture ; Weeds ; Wheat</subject><ispartof>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2018-01, Vol.251, p.141-148</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jan 1, 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-1823ea3102c76aee52bb05fedaafca559bddadadef1f6258289bf368ad3c8a0e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-1823ea3102c76aee52bb05fedaafca559bddadadef1f6258289bf368ad3c8a0e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.024$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,27907,27908,45978</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Teng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sørensen, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahlström, Ellen Margrethe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chirinda, Ngonidzashe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharif, Behzad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaoxi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olesen, Jørgen Eivind</creatorcontrib><title>Root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass</title><title>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</title><description>•Cereals have more root biomass in organic than conventional farming.•Cereal root biomass varied with year, farming systems and cereal species.•Catch crops had more shoot and root biomass than weeds.•Root biomass is best estimated using fixed root biomass based on influential factors.
Reliable information on belowground plant biomass is essential to estimate belowground carbon inputs to soils. Estimations of belowground plant biomass are often based on a fixed allometric relationship of plant biomass between aboveground and belowground parts. However, environmental and management factors may affect this allometric relationship making such estimates uncertain and biased. Therefore, we aimed to explore how root biomass for typical cereal crops, catch crops and weeds could most reliably be estimated. Published and unpublished data on aboveground and root biomass (corrected to 0–25cm depth) of cereal crops (wheat and barley), catch crops and weeds were collected from studies in Denmark. Leave one out cross validation was used to determine the model that could best estimate root biomass.
Root biomass varied with year, farming system (organic versus conventional) and cereal species. Shoot and root biomass of catch crops were higher than for weeds (sampled in late autumn), and farming system significantly affected root biomass of catch crops and weeds. The use of fixed root biomass based on the most influential factors (farming system and species) provided the lowest error of prediction for estimation of root biomass, compared with the use of fixed allometric relations, such as root/shoot ratio. For cereal crops, the average root dry matter in organic farming systems was 218gm−2 (243 and 193gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively), but in conventional systems only 139gm−2 (142 and 129gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively). For catch crops and weeds, the root dry matter in organic farming systems were around 127 and 35gm−2, and in conventional farming systems 75 and 28gm−2, respectively.
In conclusion, the present analysis indicates that root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass, and it may be better estimated using fixed values based on species and farming systems than using fixed allometric ratios.</description><subject>Allometric root estimation</subject><subject>Barley</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Catch crops</subject><subject>Cereal crops</subject><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Dry matter</subject><subject>Energy crops</subject><subject>Environmental management</subject><subject>Farming</subject><subject>Organic farming</subject><subject>Plant biomass</subject><subject>Root biomass</subject><subject>Root:shoot ratio</subject><subject>Shoot biomass</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Sustainable agriculture</subject><subject>Weeds</subject><subject>Wheat</subject><issn>0167-8809</issn><issn>1873-2305</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UE1LAzEQDaJgrf4BTwGv7pqP7m4WvEjxCwqC6DnkY7ZNaTdrkq3035vSnp05DMy892bmIXRLSUkJrR_WpVoClIzQpiRtSdjsDE2oaHjBOKnO0SSDmkII0l6iqxjXJAfjYoKGT-8T1s5vVYzY9dhAALWJ99ioZFbYBD9ErHqLfwFszN0ea8ABNk7pzR5DTG6rEuS5Sys_Jmx8H52F4PolVtrvYBn8mPmnHdfoosv6cHOqU_T98vw1fysWH6_v86dFYTgTqaCCcVCcEmaaWgFUTGtSdWCV6oyqqlZbq3JCR7uaVYKJVne8FspyIxQBPkV3R90h-J8xnynXfgx9Xilp29QzWtNWZBQ7ovKfMQbo5BDyP2EvKZEHZ-VaHpyVB2claWV2NpMejyTI9-8cBBmNg96AdQFMkta7_-h_G16EvQ</recordid><startdate>20180101</startdate><enddate>20180101</enddate><creator>Hu, Teng</creator><creator>Sørensen, Peter</creator><creator>Wahlström, Ellen Margrethe</creator><creator>Chirinda, Ngonidzashe</creator><creator>Sharif, Behzad</creator><creator>Li, Xiaoxi</creator><creator>Olesen, Jørgen Eivind</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180101</creationdate><title>Root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass</title><author>Hu, Teng ; Sørensen, Peter ; Wahlström, Ellen Margrethe ; Chirinda, Ngonidzashe ; Sharif, Behzad ; Li, Xiaoxi ; Olesen, Jørgen Eivind</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-1823ea3102c76aee52bb05fedaafca559bddadadef1f6258289bf368ad3c8a0e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Allometric root estimation</topic><topic>Barley</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Catch crops</topic><topic>Cereal crops</topic><topic>Cereals</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Dry matter</topic><topic>Energy crops</topic><topic>Environmental management</topic><topic>Farming</topic><topic>Organic farming</topic><topic>Plant biomass</topic><topic>Root biomass</topic><topic>Root:shoot ratio</topic><topic>Shoot biomass</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Sustainable agriculture</topic><topic>Weeds</topic><topic>Wheat</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Teng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sørensen, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahlström, Ellen Margrethe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chirinda, Ngonidzashe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharif, Behzad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaoxi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olesen, Jørgen Eivind</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Teng</au><au>Sørensen, Peter</au><au>Wahlström, Ellen Margrethe</au><au>Chirinda, Ngonidzashe</au><au>Sharif, Behzad</au><au>Li, Xiaoxi</au><au>Olesen, Jørgen Eivind</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass</atitle><jtitle>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</jtitle><date>2018-01-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>251</volume><spage>141</spage><epage>148</epage><pages>141-148</pages><issn>0167-8809</issn><eissn>1873-2305</eissn><abstract>•Cereals have more root biomass in organic than conventional farming.•Cereal root biomass varied with year, farming systems and cereal species.•Catch crops had more shoot and root biomass than weeds.•Root biomass is best estimated using fixed root biomass based on influential factors.
Reliable information on belowground plant biomass is essential to estimate belowground carbon inputs to soils. Estimations of belowground plant biomass are often based on a fixed allometric relationship of plant biomass between aboveground and belowground parts. However, environmental and management factors may affect this allometric relationship making such estimates uncertain and biased. Therefore, we aimed to explore how root biomass for typical cereal crops, catch crops and weeds could most reliably be estimated. Published and unpublished data on aboveground and root biomass (corrected to 0–25cm depth) of cereal crops (wheat and barley), catch crops and weeds were collected from studies in Denmark. Leave one out cross validation was used to determine the model that could best estimate root biomass.
Root biomass varied with year, farming system (organic versus conventional) and cereal species. Shoot and root biomass of catch crops were higher than for weeds (sampled in late autumn), and farming system significantly affected root biomass of catch crops and weeds. The use of fixed root biomass based on the most influential factors (farming system and species) provided the lowest error of prediction for estimation of root biomass, compared with the use of fixed allometric relations, such as root/shoot ratio. For cereal crops, the average root dry matter in organic farming systems was 218gm−2 (243 and 193gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively), but in conventional systems only 139gm−2 (142 and 129gm−2 for wheat and barley, respectively). For catch crops and weeds, the root dry matter in organic farming systems were around 127 and 35gm−2, and in conventional farming systems 75 and 28gm−2, respectively.
In conclusion, the present analysis indicates that root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass, and it may be better estimated using fixed values based on species and farming systems than using fixed allometric ratios.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.024</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Allometric root estimation Barley Biomass Catch crops Cereal crops Cereals Crops Dry matter Energy crops Environmental management Farming Organic farming Plant biomass Root biomass Root:shoot ratio Shoot biomass Species Sustainable agriculture Weeds Wheat |
| title | Root biomass in cereals, catch crops and weeds can be reliably estimated without considering aboveground biomass |
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